1,858 research outputs found
Measuring the Photon Energy Scale through Test Beam Data
This dissertation aims at measuring the photon energy scale combining specialized Monte Carlo simulation with data taken during the combined ATLAS test beam in 2004. This work explains the steps taken to arrive at the photon energy scale, starting from the knowl- edge acquired for electrons. The chapters are structured as follows: Chapters 1 and 2 briefly introduce this work and the motivation behind it. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the LHC ex- periment and the ATLAS detector as a whole. Chapters 4 and 5 address in detail the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter and signal reconstruction at the cell level. Chapter 6 concentrates on the setup for the combined test beam with emphasis on the photon run. Chapter 7 details the event selection strategy used for the photon run analysis. Chapter 8 describes the generation and tuning of the special Monte Carlo for the photon run. Chapter 9 focuses on the highly special- ized Monte Carlo studies that employed special calibration objects known as calibration hits. Chapter 10 details the methodology behind the measurement of the photon scale and evaluates it in terms of the electromagnetic calorimeter resolution. Chapters 11 and 12 present a summary of the results and the conclusions, respectively
The fully kinetic Biermann battery and associated generation of pressure anisotropy
The dynamical evolution of a fully kinetic, collisionless system with imposed
background density and temperature gradients is investigated analytically. The
temperature gradient leads to the generation of temperature anisotropy, with
the temperature along the gradient becoming larger than that in the direction
perpendicular to it. This causes the system to become unstable to pressure
anisotropy driven instabilities, dominantly to electron Weibel. When both
density and temperature gradients are present and non-parallel to each other,
we obtain a Biermann-like linear in time magnetic field growth. Accompanying
particle in cell numerical simulations are shown to confirm our analytical
results.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, + Supplementary materials (4 pages, 2 figures
Magnetic reconnection and stochastic plasmoid chains in high-Lundquist-number plasmas
A numerical study of magnetic reconnection in the large-Lundquist-number
(), plasmoid-dominated regime is carried out for up to . The
theoretical model of Uzdensky {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 105}, 235002
(2010)] is confirmed and partially amended. The normalized reconnection rate is
\normEeff\sim 0.02 independently of for . The plasmoid flux
() and half-width () distribution functions scale as and . The joint distribution of and
shows that plasmoids populate a triangular region ,
where is the reconnecting field. It is argued that this feature is due to
plasmoid coalescence. Macroscopic "monster" plasmoids with % of the
system size are shown to emerge in just a few Alfv\'en times, independently of
, suggesting that large disruptive events are an inevitable feature of
large- reconnection.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted for publicatio
Fast magnetic reconnection in the plasmoid-dominated regime
A conceptual model of resistive magnetic reconnection via a stochastic
plasmoid chain is proposed. The global reconnection rate is shown to be
independent of the Lundquist number. The distribution of fluxes in the
plasmoids is shown to be an inverse square law. It is argued that there is a
finite probability of emergence of abnormally large plasmoids, which can
disrupt the chain (and may be responsible for observable large abrupt events in
solar flares and sawtooth crashes). A criterion for the transition from
magnetohydrodynamic to collisionless regime is provided.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Geometrical properties of Potts model during the coarsening regime
We study the dynamic evolution of geometric structures in a poly-degenerate
system represented by a -state Potts model with non-conserved order
parameter that is quenched from its disordered into its ordered phase. The
numerical results obtained with Monte Carlo simulations show a strong relation
between the statistical properties of hull perimeters in the initial state and
during coarsening: the statistics and morphology of the structures that are
larger than the averaged ones are those of the initial state while the ones of
small structures are determined by the curvature driven dynamic process. We
link the hull properties to the ones of the areas they enclose. We analyze the
linear von-Neumann--Mullins law, both for individual domains and on the
average, concluding that its validity, for the later case, is limited to
domains with number of sides around 6, while presenting stronger violations in
the former case.Comment: 12 page
Extra Dimensions and Quantum Black Holes
In the late nineties several authors suggested that the extra dimensions predicted by string theory might lead to observable effects at high energy colliders. The ATLAS experiment which will start taking data at the LHC in 2007 will be an excellent place to search for such effects. One particularly intriguing possibility is that mini black holes could be produced if the centre-of-mass energy of two elementary particles is higher than the Planck scale and their impact parameter is lower than the Schwarzschild radius. Although the exact signature of a black hole is difficult to predict, some general features can be used as guideline for a search strategy. Non-observation will lead to the determination of lower bounds on the Planck Scale and the number of possible extra dimensions. This talk spans results from running experiments such as the Tevatron, Eöt-Wash and AGASA/Auger and presents predictions on the LHC in general
Extensive Analysis of a Real-Time Dense Wired Sensor Network Based on Traffic Shaping
XDense is a novel wired 2D mesh grid sensor network system for application scenarios that benefit from densely deployed sensing (e.g., thousands of sensors per square meter). It was conceived for cyber-physical systems that require real-time sensing and actuation, like active flow control on aircraft wing surfaces. XDense communication and distributed processing capabilities are designed to enable complex feature extraction within bounded time and in a responsive manner. In this article, we tackle the issue of deterministic behavior of XDense. We present a methodology that uses traffic-shaping heuristics to guarantee bounded communication delays and the fulfillment of memory requirements. We evaluate the model for varied network configurations and workload, and present a comparative performance analysis in terms of link utilization, queue size, and execution time. With the proposed traffic-shaping heuristics, we endow XDense with the capabilities required for real-time applications
Magnetic-field generation and amplification in an expanding plasma
WOS:000335816700013Particle-cell simulations are used to investigate the formation of magnetic fields B in plasmas with perpendicular electron density and temperature gradients. For system sizes L comparable to the ion skin depth d(i), it is shown that B similar to i/L, consistent with the Biermann battery effect. However, for large L/d(i), it is found that the Weibel instability (due to electron temperature anisotropy) supersedes the Biermann battery as the main producer of B. The Weibel-produced fields saturate at a finite amplitude (plasma beta approximate to 100), independent of L. The magnetic energy spectra below the electron Larmor radius scale are well fitted by the power law with slope -16/3, as predicted by Schekochihin et al
The generation of magnetic fields by the Biermann battery and the interplay with the Weibel instability
An investigation of magnetic fields generated in an expanding bubble of plasma with misaligned temperature and density gradients (driving the Biermann battery mechanism) is performed. With gradient scales L, large-scale magnetic fields are generated by the Biermann battery mechanism with plasma 1, as long as L is comparable to the ion inertial length di. For larger system sizes, L/de 100 (where deis the electron inertial length), the Weibel instability generates magnetic fields of similar magnitude but with wavenumber kde0.2. In both cases, the growth and saturation of these fields have a weak dependence on mass ratio mi/me, indicating electron mediated physics. A scan in system size is performed at mi/me= 2000, showing agreement with previous results with mi/me= 25. In addition, the instability found at large system sizes is quantitatively demonstrated to be the Weibel instability. Furthermore, magnetic and electric energy spectra at scales below the electron Larmor radius are found to exhibit power law behavior with spectral indices -16/3 and -4/3, respectively
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