Travail des enfants, enfants des rues et approche par les capabilités : Liens méthodologiques et implications pour les politiques

Le débat sur le travail des enfants a pris une ampleur considérable ces vingt dernières années. Les politiques se sont majoritairement orientées vers la promotion de l’éducation. Pourtant, le débat n’a guère fait de place à la question des enfants des rues. Intégrer cette catégorie d’enfants au débat pose de nouvelles questions. En particulier, l’éducation doit prendre une forme non violente et des espaces de travail doivent être ouverts pour les enfants des rues.The debate on child labour has taken a fullness these last twenty years. Policies are actually largely based on the promotion of education. Meanwhile, the debate has not taken into account the very question of street children. Integrating this category of children set new issues. Particularly, education must be non violent and spaces of work must be openned for street children

SIMULASI POLA TANAM DAERAH IRIGASI LOKOPEHAPO DI SABU-RAIJUA

Sabu Raijua merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan angka pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi dan curah hujan yang rendah sehingga menyebabkan munculnya masalah kebutuhan pangan. Untuk itu pemerintah pusat melalui Balai Wilayah Sungai membangun beberapa daerah irigasi di Kabupaten Sabu Raijua. Salah satu daerah irigasi yang ada adalah Daerah Irigasi Lokopehapo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola tanam pada Daerah Irigasi Lokopehapo yang efisien sesuai dengan keseimbangan air yang terjadi antara debit andalan dan kebutuhan air irigasi. Besar debit andalan dihitung berdasarkan Metode DR F. J.Mock sesuai kondisi tahun basah (R20) sebesar 0-1,76 m3/det, tahun normal (R50) sebesar 0-1,10 m3/det, tahun kering (R80) sebesar 0-0,47 m3/det. Besar kebutuhan air irigasi dihitung kondisi tahun basah (R20) sebesar 0-0,40 m3/det, tahun normal (R50) sebesar 0-0,43 m3/det, tahun kering (R80) sebesar 0-0,47 m3/det. Besar neraca air dihitung berdasarkan selisih antara debit andalan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk tahun basah pola tanam yang sesuai adalah padi-palawija, untuk tahun normal padi-palawija, dan untuk kering padi-palawija.Sabu Raijua is one of the district in East Nusa Tenggara Province withhigh number of population growth and low volume of rainfall raise problem in foods needs.Therefore, central government through River Region Office build several irigation region in Sabu Raijua District. One of the irigation region that was built is Lokopehapo Irigation Region. This research aims to know cropping pattern in Lokopehapo Irigation Region which is efficient in accordance with water balance between mainstay debit and irrigation water needs. Mainstay debit number counted based on DR F. J. Mock method corresponding to condition of wet year (R20) 0-1,76, normal year (R50) 0-1,1 m3/det, dry year (R80) 0-0,47 m3/det. Irrigation water needs number counted corresponding to condition of wet year (R20) 0-40 m3/det, normal year (R50) 0-0,43 m3/det, dry year (R80) 0-0,47 m3/det.Water balance number counted by difference between mainstay debut and irrigation water needs.Result of this researche is that for wet year the appropriate cropping pattern is paddy/rice-palawija, for normal year paddy/rice-palawija, and for dry year paddy/rice-palawija

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk

Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by ≥2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups. We undertook phenome-wide association studies for selected associated variants as well as trait and pathway-specific genetic risk scores to infer possible consequences of intervening in pathways underlying lung function. We highlight new putative causal variants, genes, proteins and pathways, including those targeted by existing drugs. These findings bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying lung function and COPD, and should inform functional genomics experiments and potentially future COPD therapies

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Dealing with temporal failure in ambient systems: a dynamic revision of plans

This paper presents AgLOTOS as an algebraic language dedicated to the specification of agent plans in ambient systems taking into account timing constraints. It offers a rich and modular approach to express and compose elementary plans in order to execute them concurrently. We show how a plan is built automatically as a system of concurrent processes from the belief-desire-intention attitudes of the agent. The AgLOTOS semantics allows to deal with possible plan execution failures, caused by the passing of time for performance of actions. In this situation, this information is captured at the mental process level allowing to update the agent mental state. Moreover, the associated semantics accords with the possibility of revising the agent plan, as the set of intentions changes.6

Antenna subtraction at NNLO with hadronic initial states: double real radiation for initial-initial configurations with two quark flavours

The antenna subtraction formalism allows to calculate QCD corrections to jet observables. Within this formalism, the subtraction terms are constructed using antenna functions describing all unresolved radiation between a pair of hard radiatior partons. In this paper, we focus on the subtraction terms for double real radiation contributions to jet observables in hadron-hadron collisions evaluated at NNLO. An essential ingredient to these subtraction terms are the four-parton antenna functions with both radiators in the initial state. We outline the construction of the double real subtraction terms, classify all relevant antenna functions and describe their integration over the relevant antenna phase space. For the initial-initial antenna functions with two quark flavours, we derive the phase space master integrals and obtain the integrated antennae