Methylene blue ameliorates colonic injury in acetic acid-induced colitis model

Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious health problem affecting the quality of life. IBDs caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms, including genetic, immunological, inflammatory, and environmental factors. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of IBDs remains a difficult clinical problem. We aimed to investigate the healing of mucosal damage and anti-inflammatory effects of methylene blue (MB) in experimental colitis model. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: group 1 (Sham), group 2 (control), group 3 (topical treatment), and group 4 (topical and systemic treatment). In groups 2, 3, and 4, acetic acid-induced colitis model was created. Normal saline to group 2, topical MB to group 3, and topical and systemic MB to group 4 were given. Results: The levels of hydroxyproline were lower in the treatment groups than in the control group (p=0.017 for group 3 and p=0.004 for group 4). There was no difference between groups according to the TNF- alpha levels. The results of macroscopic scores were significantly lower in treatment groups (group 3-4) than In the control group (group 2) (p=0.005 for group 3 and p=0.002 for group 4). There was a significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group according to the epithelial loss and inflammatory infiltrate (p=0.022 for group 3, p=0.026 for group 4 for both histopathological values). Discussion: MB ameliorates colonic injury in acetic acid-induced colitis model This effect of MB was observed both locally and with local + systemic administration

Physical activity level and quality of life of university studentsÜniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the levels of quality of life and levels of physical activity of female students studying at universities. The data used in this study have been collected through survey method. While the target population of the research consists of female students studying at universities, its sample consists of female students studying at Yüzüncü Yıl University in Van province. The data related to this research were collected on 20 April 2015 at Yüzüncü Yıl University in Van (hereinafter referred to as “VYYÜ”). One hundred-fifty (150) students were contacted out of the entire female university student population studying at VYYÜ. As part of this research, studies on applicability and credibility in Turkey have been conducted and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) have been applied. No statistically significant difference has been observed in the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Walking, MET, Physical area, Psychological area and social area values. Statistical differences have been observed at p<0.05 level, according to the Recreational and Environmental area. When the relationship between the quality of life and physical activity is examined, a positively significant relationship has been detected between the EFA and the CFA (r=0.463) at <0.05 level. Consequently, increase of vigorous-intensity and medium-intensity physical activity for young women can be a more effective method in enhancing the quality of life in relation to health. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı üniversite okuyan kadın öğrencilerin yaşam kalitesi düzeyleri ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.Bu araştırmadaki veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini üniversitelerde okuyan kadın öğrenciler oluştururken, örneklemini ise Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesinde (VYYÜ) öğrenim gören kadın öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Bu araştırmanın verilerinin toplanması 20 Nisan 2015 tarihlerinde VYYÜ geçekleştirilmiştir. VYYÜ’de öğrenim gören kadın üniversite öğrencilerinden 150 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada Türkiye'de geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışmaları yapılmış DSÖ Yaşam Kalitesi ölçeği kısa formu (WHOQOL-BREF) ve IPAQ (Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi) anketleri uygulanmıştır. AFA, OFA, Yürüme, Met, Fiziksel alan, Psikolojik alan ve Sosyal alan değerlerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Dinlenme ve Çevresel alanda ise hastalık durumuna göre p<0,05 düzeyinde istatistiki farklılıklara rastlanmıştır. Yaşam kalitesi ile fiziksel aktivite arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde OFA ile AFA arasında (r=0,463) <0,05 düzeyinde pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, genç kadınlarda şiddetli ve orta dereceli fiziksel aktiviteyi arttırmak, sağlıkla ilişkili yaşam kalitesini yükseltmede daha etkin bir yöntem olabilir

A genomic snapshot of demographic and cultural dynamism in Upper Mesopotamia during the Neolithic Transition

Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and foodways. We present thirteen ancient genomes (c.8500-7500 calBCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying a mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organised along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head-shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü's cultural ingenuity. Finally, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesise that Upper Mesopotamia's cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Yurtman, ozer, Yuncu et al. provide an ancient DNA data set to demonstrate the impact of human activity on the demographic history of domestic sheep. The authors demonstrate that there may have been multiple domestication events with notable changes to the gene pool of European and Anatolian sheep since the Neolithic. Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

The prevelance of tobacco use and the factors influencing in students studying at two dentistry faculties in Turkey

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and effects of tobacco and tobacco products use among students of dentistry.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed in the Dentistry Faculty of Ege and Dicle Universities between April and May 2013. All freshmen and senior year students receiving education in both universities were included into the study (n= 321). A questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used to determine the smoking habits of the students and the influencing factors regarding this habit. Students replied the questions under supervision.RESULTS: A survey was conducted among 298 students out of 321 who were attending both universities. 46.6% of the participants were female and 53.4% were male. Smoking prevelance of the students was 29.9%. It was 19.9% in freshmen students and 45.8% in senior students. According to the first class of students in the fifth grade students in the prevalence of smoking in was found to be highly statistically significant (p< 0.001). Among other tobacco products the following was identified as mostly used: waterpipe, also known as narghile (27.4%), cigarwraps (9.7%), cigar (9.4%) and smoking pipe (2.0%). While 22.5% of the students stated that they started smoking after the age of 15, 36.0% started between the ages of 15 and 18 and 41.5% after the age of 19. The rate of smoking in the house was significantly higher (p< 0.001) among smokers than non-smokers. While 78.7% of the students stated that they would like to quit, 64.3% tried once or more to quit.CONCLUSION: Smoking habit was found to be higher among medical students than the social average. Smoking is more frequent in higher classes. From early years onwards, students of dentistry should be intensively educated regarding the harmful effects of tobacco on health, and efforts should be made to prevent and control of tobacco epidemicOBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and effects of tobacco and tobacco products use among students of dentistry.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed in the Dentistry Faculty of Ege and Dicle Universities between April and May 2013. All freshmen and senior year students receiving education in both universities were included into the study (n= 321). A questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used to determine the smoking habits of the students and the influencing factors regarding this habit. Students replied the questions under supervision.RESULTS: A survey was conducted among 298 students out of 321 who were attending both universities. 46.6% of the participants were female and 53.4% were male. Smoking prevelance of the students was 29.9%. It was 19.9% in freshmen students and 45.8% in senior students. According to the first class of students in the fifth grade students in the prevalence of smoking in was found to be highly statistically significant (p< 0.001). Among other tobacco products the following was identified as mostly used: waterpipe, also known as narghile (27.4%), cigarwraps (9.7%), cigar (9.4%) and smoking pipe (2.0%). While 22.5% of the students stated that they started smoking after the age of 15, 36.0% started between the ages of 15 and 18 and 41.5% after the age of 19. The rate of smoking in the house was significantly higher (p< 0.001) among smokers than non-smokers. While 78.7% of the students stated that they would like to quit, 64.3% tried once or more to quit.CONCLUSION: Smoking habit was found to be higher among medical students than the social average. Smoking is more frequent in higher classes. From early years onwards, students of dentistry should be intensively educated regarding the harmful effects of tobacco on health, and efforts should be made to prevent and control of tobacco epidemi

EĞİTİM FAKÜLTELERİNİN STEM EĞİTİMİNE HAZIR OLMA DURUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Önerilen bilimsel araştırma projesi (BAP); Eğitim Fakültelerinin farklı bölümlerinin (Kimya, Fizik, Fen Bilgisi, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri(BÖTE) vb.) eğitim durumunun STEM Eğitimine uygun öğretmen yetiştirme sürecine hazır olup olmadığının belirlenmesi üzerinedir. 6 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) tarafından STEM eğitimi raporu yayınlanmıştır ve eğitim sistemimizin STEM eğitimini de içine alacak şekilde revize edilmesi planlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Eğitim Fakültelerinin bu eğitimi yeterli düzeyde verebilecek öğretmen yetiştirme yeterliliğine sahip olup olmadığı da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü öğrencilerin başarısı üzerinde öğretmenlerin becerilerinin de etkisi olduğunu (Rowan, Chiang, Miller, 1997) göz önünde bulundurursak; etkili bir STEM eğitiminde eğitim fakültelerinin bu kapsama uygun öğretmen yetiştirebilmeleri de bir hayli önemlidir

Nitrik Oksit Sentaz NOS İnhibitörlerinin Sıçanlarda Çok Düşük Frekanslı Manyetik Alanın İndüklediği Analjezi Üzerine Etkileri

Amaç: Elektromanyetik alanın EMA farklı ağrı türlerini azalttığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte, manyetik alanın analjezik etki mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nitrik oksit sentaz NOS inhibitörlerinin sıçanlarda çok düşük frekanslı EMA maruziyeti ile oluşan analjezi üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 72 yetişkin erkek Wistar albino sıçan yaklaşık 230 ± 12 g ağırlığında kullanıldı. Sıçanlar, 22 ± 2 °C oda sıcaklığında, 12 saat aydınlık/karanlık siklusun sağlandığı ve ses yalıtımı olan ortamda tutuldu. Elektromanyetik alan 50 Hz , her gün dört defa 30 dakika süre ve 15 dakika aralıklar ile 15 gün boyunca uygulandı. Analjezik etki ölçümü tail-flick ve hot-plate testleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Analjezi testinden önce sıçanlara nitrik oksit donörü SNAP 30 mg/kg ve NOS inhibitörleri L-NAME 40 mg/kg ve 7-NI 25 mg/kg intraperitoneal olarak enjekte edildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde varyans analizi iki yönlü ANOVA kullanılmış ve çoklu karşılaştırma Tukey testleri ile yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlılık düzeyi

Linking transformational leadership to teacher commitment and alienation: Do motivational climate profiles moderate?

This study aimed to identify schools' motivational climate profiles and tested how each profile moderates the linkage of transformational leadership with teacher commitment and alienation. Gathering data from 1193 teachers working in 103 schools in Turkiye, we employed multilevel moderation with a latent class variable to estimate the structural links between our variables. The study offered nuanced evidence to the literature by suggesting that sampled schools were categorised under two profiles as high performance and high mastery school climate in terms of their prevalent motivational climate. Our results also provided evidence of the significant moderator role of the school-level profiles on the effect of transformational leadership. Our study suggests that transformational leaders might be more effective in promoting teachers' collective sense of commitment and eliminating their sense of alienation in schools where a performance-oriented climate is fostered. Key implications for policy and practice around the contextualised nature of school leadership are discussed in this study