Applicationn of Next Generation Firewalls in Protecting Information Systems

Radi razvoja web 2.0 aplikacija i promjene ponašanja korisnika tradicionalni vatrozidi postaju nedovoljni za zaštitu modernih informacijsko-komunikacijskih sustava. Dolazi se do potrebe za razvojem novih sigurnosnih rješenja. Vatrozidi nove generacije predstavljaju standardne vatrozide sa brojnim unaprijeđenim funkcijama. Rad vatrozida nove generacija bazira se na 3 komponente: identifikaciji aplikacija, identifikaciji korisnika i identifikaciji sadržaja. Svrha ovog rada je prikaz mogućnosti vatrozida nove generacije Cilj diplomskog rada je provesti testiranje mogućnosti vatrozida nove generacije. U ovome radu prikazane su funkcionalnosti 2 vatrozida nove generacije: Palo Alto PA-500 i Fortigate D60. Provedenim testiranjima utvrđeno je da oba vatrozida mogu ostvariti visok stupanj zaštite informacijsko-komunikacijskih sustava.Because of development of web 2.0 applications and change in user behavior traditional firewalls failed to protect modern information systems. All that leads to need for development of new security solutions. New generation firewalls represents standard firewalls with numerous improvements. Work of new generation firewalls is based on three components: application identification, user identification and content identification. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of a new generation firewalls. The goal of this paper is to test the possibilities of a new generation firewalls. In this paper are shown the functionalitys of two next generation firewalls: Palo Alto PA-500 and Fortigate D60. It was found that both firewalls can achieve a high level of protecting the information systems

Applicationn of Next Generation Firewalls in Protecting Information Systems

Radi razvoja web 2.0 aplikacija i promjene ponašanja korisnika tradicionalni vatrozidi postaju nedovoljni za zaštitu modernih informacijsko-komunikacijskih sustava. Dolazi se do potrebe za razvojem novih sigurnosnih rješenja. Vatrozidi nove generacije predstavljaju standardne vatrozide sa brojnim unaprijeđenim funkcijama. Rad vatrozida nove generacija bazira se na 3 komponente: identifikaciji aplikacija, identifikaciji korisnika i identifikaciji sadržaja. Svrha ovog rada je prikaz mogućnosti vatrozida nove generacije Cilj diplomskog rada je provesti testiranje mogućnosti vatrozida nove generacije. U ovome radu prikazane su funkcionalnosti 2 vatrozida nove generacije: Palo Alto PA-500 i Fortigate D60. Provedenim testiranjima utvrđeno je da oba vatrozida mogu ostvariti visok stupanj zaštite informacijsko-komunikacijskih sustava.Because of development of web 2.0 applications and change in user behavior traditional firewalls failed to protect modern information systems. All that leads to need for development of new security solutions. New generation firewalls represents standard firewalls with numerous improvements. Work of new generation firewalls is based on three components: application identification, user identification and content identification. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of a new generation firewalls. The goal of this paper is to test the possibilities of a new generation firewalls. In this paper are shown the functionalitys of two next generation firewalls: Palo Alto PA-500 and Fortigate D60. It was found that both firewalls can achieve a high level of protecting the information systems

Alveolar Macrophages Isolated Directly From Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Seropositive Individuals Are Sites of HCMV Reactivation In Vivo.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity in the immunocompromised host. Following primary infection, the virus establishes latent infection in progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage. These cells exhibit limited viral gene transcription and no evidence of de novo virion production. It is well recognized that differentiation of latently infected myeloid progenitor cells to dendritic or macrophage-like cells permits viral reactivation in vitro. This has been used to support the concept that viral reactivation in HCMV carriers routinely occurs from such terminally differentiated myeloid cells in vivo. However, to date this has not been shown for in vivo-differentiated macrophages. This study is the first to demonstrate that alveolar macrophages from HCMV carriers express immediate early lytic genes and produce infectious virus. This supports the view, until now based on in vitro data, that terminally differentiated myeloid cells in vivo are sites of HCMV reactivation and potential centers of viral dissemination in latently infected individuals with no evidence of virus disease or dissemination.This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (grant 0701279 to J. S.) and the National Institute for Health Research UK Biomedical Research Centre (to J. S. and E. R. C.).This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/211/12/1936

Obtaining Polysaccharide-Based Fabrics with Improved Moisture Sorption and Dye Adsorption Properties

Featured Application: This work has a potential application in biocarpet engineering, which involves the use of cyanobacterial crusts either in the rehabilitation of damaged land surfaces or to combat desertification. Attempts to apply cyanobacterial crusts have not been completely successful so far because the growth of the initial inoculum requires more moisture than arid and semiarid environments can provide. To accelerate the development of the inoculum, it is necessary to provide additional moisture for the growth of cyanobacterial cells. Controlled water delivery could be achieved by using moisture-retentive material that is applied together with the inoculum in the treatment of damaged surfaces. Biocarpet engineering has the potential to solve not only some problems of damaged surfaces and desertification but also reduce and prevent air and water pollution caused by erosion. Raw jute fabric was treated with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% chitosan solution to improve its sorption properties (evaluated through the moisture sorption and adsorption of textile dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16)), which are essential for fabric utilization as geo-prebiotic polysaccharide support that should provide the necessary water for the growth of cyanobacterial communities in biocarpet engineering. Chitosan-treated fabrics possessed 39–78% higher moisture sorption values than the untreated ones. Concerning the dye adsorption, with the increase in its initial concentration, the adsorption potential of raw and fabrics treated with 0.5 or 1.0% chitosan solution was increased up to 1.9 times. The dye adsorption onto these fabrics was exothermic and enthalpy driven. By increasing the chitosan solution percentage up to 1.0%, fabric adsorption potential increased up to 2.2 times. An inverse relationship was observed in the case of the fabric treated with 2.0% chitosan solution, its adsorption potential decreased with increasing the initial dye concentration and temperature due to the different dominant binding interactions. Concerning the contact time, dye adsorption onto fabric treated with 1.0% chitosan solution was rapid in the first 2 h, while the equilibrium was attained after 4.5 h. The isotherm and kinetic data were represented by the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively

Hypoxia upregulates neutrophil degranulation and potential for tissue injury.

BACKGROUND: The inflamed bronchial mucosal surface is a profoundly hypoxic environment. Neutrophilic airway inflammation and neutrophil-derived proteases have been linked to disease progression in conditions such as COPD and cystic fibrosis, but the effects of hypoxia on potentially harmful neutrophil functional responses such as degranulation are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Following exposure to hypoxia (0.8% oxygen, 3 kPa for 4 h), neutrophils stimulated with inflammatory agonists (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor or platelet-activating factor and formylated peptide) displayed a markedly augmented (twofold to sixfold) release of azurophilic (neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase), specific (lactoferrin) and gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase-9) granule contents. Neutrophil supernatants derived under hypoxic but not normoxic conditions induced extensive airway epithelial cell detachment and death, which was prevented by coincubation with the antiprotease α-1 antitrypsin; both normoxic and hypoxic supernatants impaired ciliary function. Surprisingly, the hypoxic upregulation of neutrophil degranulation was not dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nor was it fully reversed by inhibition of phospholipase C signalling. Hypoxia augmented the resting and cytokine-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT, and inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)γ (but not other PI3K isoforms) prevented the hypoxic upregulation of neutrophil elastase release. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia augments neutrophil degranulation and confers enhanced potential for damage to respiratory airway epithelial cells in a HIF-independent but PI3Kγ-dependent fashion.Supported by the British Lung Foundation, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, BBSRC and the Cambridge NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre. CS was funded by Wellcome Trust Early Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for Clinician Scientists (WT101692MA).This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by BMJ Publishing Group