Traducción para el doblaje de la serie de humor britànica Outnumbered

Curs 2013-2014Este trabajo se centra en la traducción audiovisual, hace un breve repaso a los estudios sobre doblaje y propone, al mismo tiempo, la traducción para el doblaje de una serie de humor

Identificación y caracterización de un motivo de RNA similar al elemento GAIT en el extremo 3' del genoma del TGEV que modula la respuesta inmune innata

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 30-04-2015Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the order Nidovirales, causing respiratory and enteric infections in a wide range of animals and human. CoV replication and transcription take place at cytoplasmic double membrane vesicles and is mediated by the viral replicase. These processes require the specific recognition of RNA cis-acting signals located at the ends of the viral genome. Similarly to many other RNA viruses, the virus-encoded replication complex presumably associates with host-cell proteins to complete the synthesis of viral RNA. Using transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) as a model, we previously identified nine cellular proteins interacting with the genome 3’ end, including the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A0, A1, A2/B1, Q and U, the translational factors glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS), arginyl-tRNA synthetase (RRS) and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), and the p100 transcriptional coactivator. From these proteins, a functional role on viral RNA synthesis was reported for hnRNP Q, EPRS and PABP. In this thesis, the functional study was extended to the proteins RRS and p100, and a positive role of both cell proteins in the viral RNA synthesis was demonstrated by silencing analysis. The RNA domains interacting with the cell proteins involved in TGEV RNA synthesis were further analyzed to study their mechanisms of action. After several RNA mapping stages, a 32-nt RNA motif located at the 3’ end of the TGEV genome was found to specifically interact with EPRS and RRS. This interaction was also observed during the infection, where both tRNA synthetases specifically interacted with the viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs. Interestingly, both aminoacil tRNA synthetases were incorporated into the viral particle, possibly through their interaction with the viral genome RNA. This RNA motif presented high homology in sequence and secondary structure with the gamma interferon activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) element, which is present at the 3’ end of several mRNAs coding proinflammatory proteins. The GAIT element is involved in the translation silencing of these mRNAs through its interaction with the GAIT complex [EPRS, hnRNP Q, L13a, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)] to favor the resolution of inflammation. Similarly to the cellular GAIT element, the viral RNA domain was able to bind the GAIT complex and inhibit the in vitro translation of a chimeric mRNA containing this motif, suggesting that the viral RNA domain could constitute the first GAIT-like motif described in a positive RNA virus. To test the functional role of the GAIT-like motif in TGEV infection, two recombinant viruses harboring mutations in this motif were engineered and characterized. Abrogation of the GAIT-like motif did not affect virus growth in cell cultures. However, an exacerbated innate immune response, mediated by the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) pathway, was observed in cells infected with the mutant viruses compared with the parental virus infection. Furthermore, mutant viruses were more sensitive to interferon beta than the parental virus. Altogether, these data suggested that the GAIT-like motif modulates the host innate immune response

Biological Effects of Food Coloring in In Vivo and In Vitro Model Systems

(1) Background: The suitability of certain food colorings is nowadays in discussion because of the effects of these compounds on human health. For this reason, in the present work, the biological effects of six worldwide used food colorings (Riboflavin, Tartrazine, Carminic Acid, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Brilliant Blue FCF) were analyzed using two model systems. (2) Methods: In vivo toxicity, antitoxicity, and longevity assays using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and in vitro cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation, and methylation status assays using HL-60 tumor human cell line were carried out. (3) Results: Our in vivo results showed safe effects in Drosophila for all the food coloring treatments, non-significant protective potential against an oxidative toxin, and different effects on the lifespan of flies. The in vitro results in HL-60 cells, showed that the tested food colorings increased tumor cell growth but did not induce any DNA damage or modifications in the DNA methylation status at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) concentrations. (4) Conclusions: From the in vivo and in vitro studies, these results would support the idea that a high chronic intake of food colorings throughout the entire life is not advisable

Fitting chemical data with Excel: A practical tutorial

La revista es Open AccessExcel es un programa de hojas de cálculo incluido en Microsoft Office utilizado en un gran número de empresas públicas y privadas en el mundo. Este programa permite realizar muchas operaciones, como el ajuste de datos experimentales a funciones matemáticas. Estas tareas son comunes en los laboratorios químicos, y parece razonable entrenar a los profesionales en el uso de estas herramientas. En este trabajo se han estudiado 4 metodologías de ajuste usando este programa, resolviendo algunos ejemplos prácticos de datos químicos, considerando sus ventajas y desventajas.Excel is spreadsheets software included in Microsoft Office that is used in a high number of public and private companies all over the world. This program allows carrying out many operations such as fitting experimental data to mathematical functions. These tasks are usually performed in chemical laboratories and, accordingly, it seems reasonable to train professionals in the use of these tools. In this work, four fitting methodologies using this program have been studied by solving some practical examples of chemical data, considering their advantages and disadvantage

Effect of soilless growing systems on the spread of Verticillium dahliae and the severity of the Verticillium wilt in strawberry

The dispersion of soilborne plant pathogens could be greater in closed soilless growing systems than in open ones. The effect of three soilless growing systems (open, closed and closed with slow sand filtration) on the dispersion of Verticillium dahliae propagules and the severity of the disease in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has been analysed. V. dahliae dispersion in a closed system with slow sand filtration was studied by measuring propagules in the recirculating nutrient solution and in the growth medium. The growth medium used was coconut fiber. V. dahliae propagules were not removed by slow sand filtration. In the first crop cycle, an increase in the severity of Verticillium wilt was detected in the closed soilless growing system with slow sand filtration in comparison with the other two systems. This increase may be due to the non-elimination of V. dahliae propagules by filtration and to the lower microbial biomass in the filtered solution storage tank than in the drained solution storage tank. The decline in microbial biomass by filtration may improve the viability of the dispersed conidia, thus increasing the severity of the disease. This decline in microbial biomass by filtration may be compensated in the second crop cycle by the root debris from the first crop cycle. This debris may have provided nutrient sources to the microbes and increased the associated microbial biomass.La dispersión de los patógenos de suelo podría ser mayor en los sistemas de cultivo sin suelo cerrados que en los sistemas abiertos. Se estudió el efecto de tres sistemas de cultivo (abierto, cerrado y cerrado con filtración lenta en lecho de arena) sobre la dispersión de los propágulos de Verticillium dahliae y sobre la severidad de la enfermedad en fresa (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Se analizó la dispersión de V. dahliae en el sistema cerrado con filtración lenta mediante la medida de los propágulos en la solución nutritiva recirculante y en el sustrato empleado, que fue fibra de coco. Los propágulos de V. dahliae no fueron eliminados por la filtración lenta. En el primer ciclo de cultivo, se detectó un incremento en la severidad de verticilosis en el sistema cerrado con filtración lenta en comparación con los otros dos sistemas. Este incremento puede ser debido a que el filtro no elimina los propágulos de V. dahliae y a que la biomasa microbiana en la solución filtrada es más baja que en la solución drenada. Este descenso que se produce en la biomasa microbiana debido a la filtración podría mejorar la viabilidad de las conidias dispersadas y por lo tanto incrementar la severidad de la enfermedad. El descenso de la biomasa microbiana por la filtración parece estar compensado en el segundo ciclo de cultivo por la activación de la misma debido a los nutrientes proveídos por los restos de raíces procedentes del primer ciclo de cultivo

Factores socioeconómicos y culturales que determinan el estado nutricional de la población infantil de uno a cinco años de edad inscrita en el Programa de Atención Integral a la Niñez en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familar sociedad, Morazán, Chapeltique y El Tecomatal, San Miguel año 2017

El crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños más importante se da entre el 1o año al 5o año de vida debido a que en estas edades comienzan los cambios físicos, óseos, muscular, así como el desarrollo nervioso. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir los factores socioeconómicos y culturales que determinan el estado nutricional de los niños y niñas de 1 a 5 años de edad inscritos en el Programa de Atención Integral a la Niñez en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar en estudio. Metodología: Según el tiempo de ocurrencia de hechos y registros de la información el estudio se caracteriza por ser Prospectivo. Según el periodo o secuencia del estudio es: Transversal. Según el análisis y el alcance de los resultados la investigación es: Descriptiva y Analítico. Conclusiones: El aporte de nutrientes es fundamental para garantizar un adecuado crecimiento por lo que se recomienda según nuestro estudio que la ablactación más segura para tener un peso normal sea con purés a predominio de papas, además de iniciar con frijoles licuados estos dos variables son las que mejor contribuyen a tener un peso normal en los niños de la población salvadoreña. Los factores socioeconómicos y culturales sí influyen en el estado nutricional de nuestros niños siendo los factores predominantes el área de procedencia, escolaridad ingresos socioeconómicos, ocupación de la madre lactancia materna, tipo de ablactación alimentos predominantes y religión

A heuristic approach to the task planning problem in a home care business

This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10729-020-09509-1[Abstract]: In this paper, we study a task scheduling problem in a home care business. The company has a set of supervisors in charge of scheduling the caregivers’ weekly plans. This can be a time-consuming task due to the large number of services they work with, as well as the need to consider user preferences, services required time windows and travel times between users’ homes. Apart from that, it is also important to have a continuity of care, i.e., that users generally prefer not to have their caregiver changed. This problem involves both route planning and employee task planning, which are usually very challenging. We first propose to model it using integer linear programming methodology. Since the real instances that the company needs to solve are very large, we design a heuristic algorithm, based on the simulated annealing philosophy, that allows the company to obtain the caregivers’ weekly schedules. Lastly, we check the algorithm’s good performance, by comparing the solutions it proposes with those provided by the integer linear programming methodology, in small size problems, and we present a case study to confirm that the algorithm correctly solves real-life instances. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.This work has been supported by the ERDF; the MINECO/AEI grants MTM2014-53395-C3-1-P, MTM2017-87197-C3-1-P and ITC-20151247; and by the Xunta de Galicia (Grupos de Referencia Competitiva ED431C-2016-015 and Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia ED431G/01). The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees for their very helpful suggestions to improve this article.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016-015Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/0