Control process plan and monitoring in budget execution for pymes companies

24 páginas : gráficos, tablas.El presente artículo adopta la metodología adquirida en el proceso de aprendizaje de la Especialización de Gerencia Integral de Proyectos y como requisito de la culminación de la misma, siguiendo los lineamientos del Project Management Institute (PMI) y tomando como principal instrumento, la guía de los fundamentos para la dirección de proyectos (PMBOK), generando un plan de procesos de control y seguimiento en ejecución presupuestal para la empresa VPC S.A.S catalogada como PYMES y encasillada en el sector de la construcción, el cual expone la planeación del alcance del plan, con el respectivo desglose de trabajo (EDT) sus componentes y entregables, la duración total del proyecto y los respectivos tiempos de ejecución de cada una de las actividades a desarrollar y laasignación de recursos para la estimación de costos, haciendo uso de los recursos de la empresa en estudio y la tabla de asignación salarial vs perfil, obteniendo como resultado y solución diagrama de flujo de procesos, que consolida e integra las áreas y procesos a fines con la elaboración de los presupuestos y la ejecución, aplicado en proyectos en ejecución y futuros en el sector de la construcción, para así lograr reducir las desviaciones presupuestales que actualmente se presenta en el desarrollo de los proyectos, y de esta manera brindar un producto de excelente calidad y cumpliendo con los cronogramas y costos acordados con el cliente, además de concienciar a los profesionales a proceder de forma ética.This article adopts the methodology acquired in the learning process of the Specialization of Integral Management of Projects and as a requirement of the culmination of the same, following the guidelines of the Project Management Institute (PMI) and taking as main instrument, the guide of the Fundamentals for project management (PMBOK), generating a plan of control and monitoring processes in budget execution for the company VPC SAS cataloged as SMEs and classified in the construction sector, which exposes the planning of the scope of the plan, with the respective breakdown of work (WBS) its components and deliverables, the total duration of the project and the respective execution times of each one of the activities to be developed and the allocation of resources for the estimation of costs, making use of the resources of the company in study and salary allocation table vs profile, obtaining as result and solution flow diagram of processes that consolidates and integrates the areas and processes to the end with the elaboration of the budgets and the execution, applied in projects in execution and future in the sector of the construction, in order to reduce the budget deviations that are present in the development of the projects, and in this way provide a product of excellent quality and complying with the schedules and costs agreed with the client, in addition to raising awareness among professionals to proceed ethically

Effect of Textures and Microstructures on the Occurrence of Delamination during and after Fracture Toughness Tests of API X80 Steel Plates

The API 5 L X80 is a high strength microalloyed steel, widely used in the gas and oil industry to fabricate pipelines. This steel presents a combination of elevated strength and toughness. In the present investigation, the microstructural features, fracture toughness and delamination occurrence of two X80 grade steel plates with different processing routes and chemical composition were studied. The first steel depicted a homogenous bainitic matrix and the second steel exhibited a banded microstructure composed of elongated ferrite grains, with macrosegregation in the mid-plane of the plates. Fracture toughness tests were conducted for both steels on 7-mm and 15-mm thick samples. The orientation distribution functions analysis revealed crystallographic intensity distribution of the austenite to ferrite transformation texture, especially the alpha-fiber ( || rolling direction) which explained the anisotropy and delamination occurrences. Both processed plates of steel presented the alpha-fiber due to hot-rolling of plates. Delaminations occurrences were further investigated and attributed to a strong {100} orientation presence despite microstructure homogeneity. A schematic model was proposed, showing the source of delamination and the reason for the lowest toughness for 45° to the rolling direction

Understanding Postranslational Modifications Involved in Adi3 Programmed Cell Death Signaling

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an active process by which organisms coordinate the controlled destruction of cells. In tomato, the protein kinase Adi3 (AvrPto-dependent Pto-interacting kinase 3), acts as a negative regulator of PCD and shares important functional homologies with the mammalian anti-apoptotic AGC kinase PBK/Akt. Adi3 was originally identified as an interactor of the complex formed by the tomato resistance protein Pto and the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) effector protein AvrPto. The complex formed by AvrPto and Pto causes a resistance response characterized by a rapid form of PCD that limits the spread of Pst and prevents the onset of the tomato bacterial speck disease. In an effort to characterize the mechanisms by which Adi3 regulates PCD, we identified Adi3 interacting partners in a Y2H screen. Here, I describe the interaction of Adi3 with two interacting partners identified: the Sucrose Non-fermenting (SNF1) kinase complex (SnRK) which is a eukaryotic master regulator of energy homeostasis and the E3 RING Ubiquitin ligase AdBiL. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches I found that AdBiL is an active ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates Adi3. Interestingly, Adi3 was found to be degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner suggesting ubiquitination could play a role in its degradation. On the other hand, Adi3 was found to inhibit the SnRK complex by directly interacting with its catalytic subunit as well as by phosphorylating the regulatory subunit SlGal83 at Ser26. SlGal83 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo, and this phosphorylation state, as well as its intracellular localization was found to depend on a myristoylation signal present at its N-terminus. Phosphorylation at Ser26 by Adi3 was found to alter the localization of this subunit in a myristoylation-dependent manner. The interactions studied in this dissertation provide additional evidence on the functional homologies shared by Adi3 and PKB. In addition, the regulatory control of SnRK activity and cellular localization offers a novel connection between pathways involved in energy homeostasis and pathogen-mediated PCD

Titanium Carbide (TiC) Production by Mechanical Alloying

This chapter presents the process for obtaining titanium carbides (TiC) from elemental powders of titanium dioxide, aluminum, and graphite by means of the mechanical alloying technique, using a semi-industrial attritor mill. Three grindings were performing: a wet, a dry, and a vacuum grinding. The mass relations between grinding elements and powders used were 20:1 to wet grinding and 40:1 to dry and vacuum grinding. Each grinding took 36 h with a control stop at 18 h. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis and the characteristics peak were detected on 2θ = 41, 60, 72, and 76°. Targets of TiC were produced using compaction and sintering processes. The particle size (between 200 nm and 1 μm) was measure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the milling process, the particle size showed a huge distribution. However, after the sintered process, the particle size (lower than 5 μm) distribution had a low dispersion and their shape trends to be spherical. It is necessary to highlight that the precursors used were low cost compared to the high cost and purity powders used for this purpose; so this method is an excellent alternative to implement as a low-cost industrial process

Nivel de desarrollo psicomotor fino en niños de 4 años de la Institución Educativa N°1562, Trujillo, 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de la motricidad fina de los niños del aula de 4 años de la Institución Educativa N°1562, Trujillo, 2021. El diseño de la investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, tipo básica y nivel descriptivo. Para la muestra se utilizó el muestreo no probabilístico con un total de 20 estudiantes. El instrumento para la recolección de datos fue la ficha de observación, la cual evaluaba la coordinación viso-manual, coordinación facial y coordinación fonética. Para valorar la confiabilidad del instrumento se realizó una prueba piloto, a 10 sujetos distintos al de la muestra. La confiabilidad del instrumento se obtuvo a través de la prueba estadística Kuder en el programa Excel, obteniendo un coeficiente de 0,90. En esta investigación Los resultados indicaron que el 85% de las niñas y niños evaluados se ubican en un nivel alto. A demás, se encontró diferencias en cuanto al género, donde las niñas demostraron un mejor desarrollo de su motricidad fina (100%), en comparación con los niños (70%). Se concluye que la mayoría de los niños y niñas evaluados desarrollaron adecuadamente las actividades propuestas de motricidad fina correspondientes a su edad

Supercritical extraction of lyophilized strawberry anthocyanins with pulsed electric fields pretreatment

Anthocyanins from LSB and with a PEF pretreatment were extracted with ethanol + SCCO2. The extraction at 200 bar, 333.15, 3.3% wt. of ethanol as cosolvent and using LSB with a PEF pretreatment of 1 kV/cm, produced an extraction yield of 0.284 % and a TAC of 0.231 (g/100 g of ethanol + SCCO2). The individual effect of 1.0 kV/cm of PEF pretreatment increases the %EY by 25 % and the TAC by 29 %. The individual effect of the cosolvent increases the %EY by 32% and that of TAC by 36.4%. However, the combined effect of 1.0 kV cm-1 and 3.3 % ethanol, produced an increase of 78.2 % and 85.3% in the %EY and TAC, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that there is a synergistic effect, which means that both the electroporation caused by PEF in the LSB and the increase in polarity due to the addition of ethanol produce a substantial improvement over %ET and TAC. Furthermore, the process of extracting anthocyanins from LSB using a mixture of ethanol + supercritical carbon dioxide can be satisfactorily described by a solubility-based model such as the Kumar and Johnston model.The lyophilized strawberry anthocyanins were extracted using a supercritical extraction (SE) process. The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) as pretreatment and the influence of the addition of ethanol as a cosolvent on the percentage of extraction yield (EY) and the total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) were analyzed. The effect of PEF was evaluated at 0.5 and 1.0 kV/cm, while the effect of the cosolvent was studied in mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide - ethanol (SCCO2 + ethanol) at 1.6 and 3.3% by weight. The best results (% EY = 0.506, TAC = 0.428 g /100 g of lyophilized strawberry) were obtained with a PEF pretreatment of 1.0 kV cm-1, 3.3%wt. ethanol at 200 bar and 333.15 K. The experimental results of solubility were suitably adjusted with the Kumar and Johnston model. The maximum solubility (0.114 g/100 g of solvent mixture) was obtained at 300 bar and 313.15 K.The authors would like to thank the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) for the scholarship granted to the master’s student in chemical sciences Marco A. Ávila-Hernández

Large-area epitaxial growth of curvature-stabilized ABC trilayer graphene.

The properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials often vary dramatically with the atomic stacking order between layers, but this order can be difficult to control. Trilayer graphene (TLG) stacks in either a semimetallic ABA or a semiconducting ABC configuration with a gate-tunable band gap, but the latter has only been produced by exfoliation. Here we present a chemical vapor deposition approach to TLG growth that yields greatly enhanced fraction and size of ABC domains. The key insight is that substrate curvature can stabilize ABC domains. Controllable ABC yields ~59% were achieved by tailoring substrate curvature levels. ABC fractions remained high after transfer to device substrates, as confirmed by transport measurements revealing the expected tunable ABC band gap. Substrate topography engineering provides a path to large-scale synthesis of epitaxial ABC-TLG and other vdW materials

Ornithine decarboxylase supports ILC3 responses in infectious and autoimmune colitis through positive regulation of IL-22 transcription

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are RORγ

Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN for Selective and Concomitant Radio and Drug—Therapeutic E ect on Breast Cancer Cells

The peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a successful approach for selectively delivering radiation within tumor sites through specific recognition of radiolabeled peptides by overexpressed receptors on cancer cell surfaces. The e cacy of PRRT could be improved by using polymeric radio- and drug- therapy nanoparticles for a concomitant therapeutic e ect on malignant cells. This research aimed to prepare and evaluate, a novel drug and radiation delivery nanosystem based on the 177Lu-labeled polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (DN) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and functionalized on the surface with the Lys1Lys3(DOTA)-bombesin (BN) peptide for specific targeting to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr) overexpressed on breast cancer cells. DN was first conjugated covalently to BN and DOTA (chemical moiety for lutetium-177 complexing) and subsequently loaded with PTX. The characterization by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, in-vitro drug delivery tests as well as in in-vitro and in-vivo cellular uptake of 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN by T47D breast cancer cells (GRPr-positive), indicated the formation of an improved delivery nanosystem with target-specific recognition by GRPr. Results of the 177Lu-DOTA-DN(PTX)-BN e ect on T47D cell viability (1.3%, compared with 10.9% of 177Lu-DOTA-DN-BN and 14.0% of DOTA-DN-(PTX)-BN) demonstrated the concomitant radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic properties of the polymeric nanosystem as a potential agent for the treatment of GRPr-positive tumors.This study was supported by the grant CONACyT-CB-A1S38087 and the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP-F2264). It was performed as part of the activities of the “Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos, CONACyT”

Supercritical Extraction Process of Allspice Essential Oil

Se presentan los resultados del proceso de extracción de aceite de pimienta utilizando dióxido de carbono supercríticoAllspice essential oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in a static process at three different temperatures (308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K), and four levels of pressure (100, 200, 300 and 360 bar). The amount of oil extracted was measured at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h, the most extraction yield reached was of 68.47% at 318.15K, 360 bar and 6h of contact time. In this supercritical extraction process, the distribution coefficient (KD), the mean effective diffusion coefficient (Def), the energy of activation (Ea), the thermodynamic properties (ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0) and the apparent solubility (S) expressed as mass fraction (w/w) were evaluated for the first time. At the equilibrium the experimental apparent solubility data were successfully correlated with the modified Chrastil equation