Merikarvianjoki – elämysten ja toimeentulon virta

Gone fishing: Doing and undergoing cultural ecosystem services on the river Merikarvianjoki Nature-based tourism is not a small deal. Rural municipalities have recognized the potential of tourism to rural livelihoods and economic opportunities. Our case is Merikarvia and the tourism potential of the river that runs through it and the archipelago and the coastal waters around it. Merikarvia, SW Finland, has a professional fishing history that runs centuries back. Before the Second World War the river was already a popular fishing tourism destination. The river regained its popularity in the 1980’s and the local entrepreneurs started a purposeful development of the reproductive potential of natural salmon populations. Simultaneously, the conditions of professional fishing declined dramatically. In 1990, three fishery collectives (waters owners) established a non-profit firm the Kalakierros, which sells fishing licenses to the river area (26 km) of which 12 km is suitable for fly fishing. The fly fishers have started to perceive it as a genuine river of trout and salmon. In this article, we apply a pragmatist sense ethnographic view to cultural ecosystem services and study the potential of the fishing tourism in the Merikarvia area. We develop a new approach to understand fishing experience as a bodily cultural commodity.Nature-based tourism is not a small deal. Rural municipalities have recognized the potential of tourism to rural livelihoods and economic opportunities. Our case is Merikarvia and the tourism potential of the river that runs through it and the archipelago and the coastal waters around it. Merikarvia, SW Finland, has a professional fishing history that runs centuries back. Before the Second World War the river was already a popular fishing tourism destination. The river regained its popularity in the 1980’s and the local entrepreneurs started a purposeful development of the reproductive potential of natural salmon populations. Simultaneously, the conditions of professional fishing declined dramatically. In 1990, three fishery collectives (waters owners) established a non-profit firm the Kalakierros, which sells fishing licenses to the river area (26 km) of which 12 km is suitable for fly fishing. The fly fishers have started to perceive it as a genuine river of trout and salmon. In this article, we apply a pragmatist sense ethnographic view to cultural ecosystem services and study the potential of the fishing tourism in the Merikarvia area. We develop a new approach to understand fishing experience as a bodily cultural commodity

Shutting down or powering up a (U)LIRG? Merger components in distinctly different evolutionary states in IRAS 19115-2124 (the Bird)

We present new SINFONI near-infrared (NIR) integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy and Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) optical long-slit spectroscopy characterizing the history of a nearby merging luminous infrared galaxy, dubbed the Bird (IRAS19115-2124). TheNIR line-ratio maps of the IFU data cubes and stellar population fitting of the SALT spectra now allow dating of the star formation (SF) over the triple system uncovered from our previous adaptive optics data. The distinct components separate clearly in line-ratio diagnostic diagrams, both thermal and non-thermal excitation is present. An off-nuclear starburst dominates the current SF of the Bird with 60-70 per cent of the total, with a 4-7 Myr age. The most massive nucleus, in contrast, is quenched with a starburst age of >40 Myr and shows hints of budding active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity. The secondary massive nucleus is at an intermediate stage. The two major components have signs of an older stellar population, consistent with a starburst triggered 1 Gyr ago in a first encounter. The simplest explanation of the history is that of a triple merger, where the strongly star-forming component has joined later. We detect multiple gas flows. The Bird offers an opportunity to witness multiple stages of galaxy evolution in the same system; triggering as well as very recent quenching of SF, and, perhaps, an early appearance of AGN activity. It also serves as a cautionary note on interpretations of observations with lower spatial resolution and/or without infrared data. At high redshift the system would look like a clumpy starburst with crucial pieces of its puzzle hidden in danger of misinterpretations.Peer reviewe

Effect of Surface Tooling Techniques of Medical Titanium Implants on Bacterial Biofilm Formation In Vitro

The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli on titanium implants with CAD-CAM tooling techniques. Twenty specimens of titanium were studied: Titanium grade 2 tooled with a Planmeca CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 2), Ti6Al4V grade 5 as it comes from CAD-DMLS device (computer aided design-direct metal laser sintering device) (TiGrade 5), Ti6Al4V grade 23 as it comes from a CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 23), and CAD-DMLS TiGrade 5 polished with an abrasive disc (TiGrade 5 polished). Bacterial adhesion on the implants was completed with and without saliva treatment to mimic both extraoral and intraoral surgical methods of implant placement. Five specimens/implant types were used in the bacterial adhesion experiments. Autoclaved implant specimens were placed in petri plates and immersed in saliva solution for 30 min at room temperature and then washed 3x with 1x PBS. Bacterial suspensions of each strain were made and added to the specimens after saliva treatment. Biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h at 37 degrees C and the adhered bacteria was calculated. Tooling techniques had an insignificant effect on the bacterial adhesion by all the bacterial strains studied. However, there was a significant difference in biofilm formation between the saliva-treated and non-saliva-treated implants. Saliva contamination enhanced S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis adhesion in all material types studied. S. aureus was found to be the most adherent strain in the saliva-treated group, whereas E. coli was the most adherent strain in the non-saliva-treated group. In conclusion, CAD-CAM tooling techniques have little effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating enhances the biofilm formation; therefore, saliva contamination of the implant must be minimized during implant placement. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments of the titanium implant on soft tissue response and to prevent the factors causing implant infection and failure.Peer reviewe

Effect of Surface Tooling Techniques of Medical Titanium Implants on Bacterial Biofilm Formation In Vitro

The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli on titanium implants with CAD-CAM tooling techniques. Twenty specimens of titanium were studied: Titanium grade 2 tooled with a Planmeca CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 2), Ti6Al4V grade 5 as it comes from CAD-DMLS device (computer aided design-direct metal laser sintering device) (TiGrade 5), Ti6Al4V grade 23 as it comes from a CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 23), and CAD-DMLS TiGrade 5 polished with an abrasive disc (TiGrade 5 polished). Bacterial adhesion on the implants was completed with and without saliva treatment to mimic both extraoral and intraoral surgical methods of implant placement. Five specimens/implant types were used in the bacterial adhesion experiments. Autoclaved implant specimens were placed in petri plates and immersed in saliva solution for 30 min at room temperature and then washed 3× with 1× PBS. Bacterial suspensions of each strain were made and added to the specimens after saliva treatment. Biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h at 37 °C and the adhered bacteria was calculated. Tooling techniques had an insignificant effect on the bacterial adhesion by all the bacterial strains studied. However, there was a significant difference in biofilm formation between the saliva-treated and non-saliva-treated implants. Saliva contamination enhanced S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis adhesion in all material types studied. S. aureus was found to be the most adherent strain in the saliva-treated group, whereas E. coli was the most adherent strain in the non-saliva-treated group. In conclusion, CAD-CAM tooling techniques have little effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating enhances the biofilm formation; therefore, saliva contamination of the implant must be minimized during implant placement. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments of the titanium implant on soft tissue response and to prevent the factors causing implant infection and failure

Effect of Surface Tooling Techniques of Medical Titanium Implants on Bacterial Biofilm Formation In Vitro

The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli on titanium implants with CAD-CAM tooling techniques. Twenty specimens of titanium were studied: Titanium grade 2 tooled with a Planmeca CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 2), Ti6Al4V grade 5 as it comes from CAD-DMLS device (computer aided design-direct metal laser sintering device) (TiGrade 5), Ti6Al4V grade 23 as it comes from a CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 23), and CAD-DMLS TiGrade 5 polished with an abrasive disc (TiGrade 5 polished). Bacterial adhesion on the implants was completed with and without saliva treatment to mimic both extraoral and intraoral surgical methods of implant placement. Five specimens/implant types were used in the bacterial adhesion experiments. Autoclaved implant specimens were placed in petri plates and immersed in saliva solution for 30 min at room temperature and then washed 3× with 1× PBS. Bacterial suspensions of each strain were made and added to the specimens after saliva treatment. Biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h at 37 °C and the adhered bacteria was calculated. Tooling techniques had an insignificant effect on the bacterial adhesion by all the bacterial strains studied. However, there was a significant difference in biofilm formation between the saliva-treated and non-saliva-treated implants. Saliva contamination enhanced S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis adhesion in all material types studied. S. aureus was found to be the most adherent strain in the saliva-treated group, whereas E. coli was the most adherent strain in the non-saliva-treated group. In conclusion, CAD-CAM tooling techniques have little effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating enhances the biofilm formation; therefore, saliva contamination of the implant must be minimized during implant placement. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments of the titanium implant on soft tissue response and to prevent the factors causing implant infection and failure

Unveiling the central parsec region of an AGN: the Circinus nucleus in the near infrared with the VLT

VLT J- to M\p-band adaptive optics observations of the Circinus Galaxy on parsec scales resolve a central bright Ks-band source with a FWHM size of 1.9 $\pm$ 0.6 pc. This source is only visible at wavelengths longward of 1.6 $\mu$m and coincides in position with the peak of the [Si VII]~2.48 $\mu$m coronal line emission. With respect to the peak of the central optical emission, the source is shifted by $\sim$ 0.15\arcsec (2.8 pc) to the south-east. Indeed, it defines the vertex of a fairly collimated beam which extends for $\sim$ 10 pc, and which is seen in both continuum light shortward of 1.6 $\mu$m and in H$\alpha$ line emission. The source also lies at the center of a $\sim$ 19 pc size [Si VII] ionization {\it bicone}. Identifying this source as the nucleus of Circinus, its size is compatible with a putative parsec-scale torus. Its spectral energy distribution, characterized by a prominent narrow peak, is compatible with a dust temperature of 300 K. Hotter dust within a 1 pc radius of the center is not detected. The AGN luminosity required to heat this dust is in the range of X-ray luminosities that have been measured toward the central source. This in turn supports the existence of highly obscuring material, with column densities of $10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$, that must be located within 1 pc of the core.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; To appear in The Astrophysical Journa

Examining the Seyfert - Starburst Connection with Arcsecond Resolution Radio Continuum Observations

We compare the arcsecond-scale circumnuclear radio continuum properties between five Seyfert and five starburst galaxies, concentrating on the search for any structures that could imply a spatial or causal connection between the nuclear activity and a circumnuclear starburst ring. No evidence is found in the radio emission for a link between the triggering or feeding of nuclear activity and the properties of circumnuclear star formation. Conversely, there is no clear evidence of nuclear outflows or jets triggering activity in the circumnuclear rings of star formation. Interestingly, the difference in the angle between the apparent orientation of the most elongated radio emission and the orientation of the major axis of the galaxy is on average larger in Seyferts than in starburst galaxies, and Seyferts appear to have a larger physical size scale of the circumnuclear radio continuum emission. The concentration, asymmetry, and clumpiness parameters of radio continuum emission in Seyferts and starbursts are comparable, as are the radial profiles of radio continuum and near-infrared line emission. The circumnuclear star formation and supernova rates do not depend on the level of nuclear activity. The radio emission usually traces the near-infrared Br-gamma and H2 1-0 S(1) line emission on large spatial scales, but locally their distributions are different, most likely because of the effects of varying local magnetic fields and dust absorption and scattering.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa

Kustannusarviointi ilmastonmuutokseen liittyvästä toimimattomuudesta (KUITTI)

KUITTI-projektissa arvioitiin ilmastonmuutosriskien suoria ja välillisiä kustannuksia Suomelle, ennakoivan ja reaktiivisen sopeutumisen väliset erot huomioiden. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin ilmastonmuutoksen ja sopeutumisen taloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseen tarvittavan tiedon saatavuutta Suomessa sekä tuotettiin katsaus innovaatiotarpeista ja vaihtoehdoista, jotka palvelevat ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista. Merkittävimpien ilmastonmuutosvaikutusten tarkastelun perusteella valittiin jatkoanalyysejä varten toimialayhdistelmät, jotka olivat: rakennettu ympäristö erityisesti tulvariskien osalta, sähkönjakeluverkkojen häiriöt sekä erilaiset vaikutukset maa- ja metsätalouden tuotoksiin. Yhdistettyjen ilmasto- ja sosioekonomisten skenaarioiden SSP1-RCP2.6 ja SSP3-RCP4.5 perusteella arvioitiin tulevaisuuden taloudellisia riskitasoja valituille toimialoille sektorimalleilla vuodesta 2020 vuoteen 2070. Mallilaskelmien tulokset syötettiin kansalliseen makrotaloudelliseen malliin, jossa on alueellisia laajennuksia makrotaloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseksi. Lisäksi tehtiin kevyt tarkastelu matkailun, tieliikenteen, vesihuollosta sekä terveydenhuollon osalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksia Suomen kansainväliseen kilpailuasemaan analysoitiin globaalilla makrotaloudellisella mallilla. Lopuksi käytiin läpi mahdollisia merkittäviä vaihtoehtoja taloudellisesti kannattaville sopeutumisratkaisuille.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa.(tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä

Kustannusarviointi ilmastonmuutokseen liittyvästä toimimattomuudesta (KUITTI)

KUITTI-projektissa arvioitiin ilmastonmuutosriskien suoria ja välillisiä kustannuksia Suomelle, ennakoivan ja reaktiivisen sopeutumisen väliset erot huomioiden. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin ilmastonmuutoksen ja sopeutumisen taloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseen tarvittavan tiedon saatavuutta Suomessa sekä tuotettiin katsaus innovaatiotarpeista ja vaihtoehdoista, jotka palvelevat ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista. Merkittävimpien ilmastonmuutosvaikutusten tarkastelun perusteella valittiin jatkoanalyysejä varten toimialayhdistelmät, jotka olivat: rakennettu ympäristö erityisesti tulvariskien osalta, sähkönjakeluverkkojen häiriöt sekä erilaiset vaikutukset maa- ja metsätalouden tuotoksiin. Yhdistettyjen ilmasto- ja sosioekonomisten skenaarioiden SSP1-RCP2.6 ja SSP3-RCP4.5 perusteella arvioitiin tulevaisuuden taloudellisia riskitasoja valituille toimialoille sektorimalleilla vuodesta 2020 vuoteen 2070. Mallilaskelmien tulokset syötettiin kansalliseen makrotaloudelliseen malliin, jossa on alueellisia laajennuksia makrotaloudellisten vaikutusten arvioimiseksi. Lisäksi tehtiin kevyt tarkastelu matkailun, tieliikenteen, vesihuollosta sekä terveydenhuollon osalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksia Suomen kansainväliseen kilpailuasemaan analysoitiin globaalilla makrotaloudellisella mallilla. Lopuksi käytiin läpi mahdollisia merkittäviä vaihtoehtoja taloudellisesti kannattaville sopeutumisratkaisuille.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa.(tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä