Characterization of electrical crosstalk in 4T-APS arrays using TCAD simulations

TCAD simulations have been conducted on a CMOS image sensor in order to characterize the electrical component of the crosstalk between pixels through the study of the electric field distribution. The image sensor consists on a linear array of five pinned photodiodes (PPD) with their transmission gates, floating diffusion and reset transistors. The effect of the variations of the thickness of the epitaxial layer has been addressed as well. In fact, the depth of the boundary of the epitaxial layer affects quantum efficiency (QE) so a correlation with crosstalk has been identified.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-66878-C3-1RJunta de Andalucía TIC 2012-2338Office of Naval Research (USA) N00014141035

Chemometrics-Based TLC and GC-MS for Small Molecule Analysis: A Practical Guide

Nowadays, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instruments can produce more data than even before. At this point, the use of mathematical and statistical tools has provided the key to resolve the information overload. In this chapter, a practical guide is provided for the TLC and GC-MS analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, and monosaccharides. A methodology for extracting and transforming the chromatographic data to a suitable format for chemometrics is described. Furthermore, a procedure for chemometric analysis based on principal components analysis and clustering analysis is suggested

An Experimentally-Validated Verilog-A SPAD Model Extracted from TCAD Simulation

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) are photodetectors with exceptional characteristics. This paper proposes a new approach to model them in Verilog-A HDL with the help of a powerful tool: TCAD simulation. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, this is first model to incorporate a trap-assisted tunneling mechanism, a cross-section temperature dependence of the traps, and the self-heating effect. Comparison with experimental data establishes the validity of the model.Junta de Andalucía TIC 2012-2338Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-66878-C3-1-ROffice of Naval Research (USA) N00014141035

Early forest fire detection by vision-enabled wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks constitute a powerful technology particularly suitable for environmental monitoring. With regard to wildfires, they enable low-cost fine-grained surveillance of hazardous locations like wildland-urban interfaces. This paper presents work developed during the last 4 years targeting a vision-enabled wireless sensor network node for the reliable, early on-site detection of forest fires. The tasks carried out ranged from devising a robust vision algorithm for smoke detection to the design and physical implementation of a power-efficient smart imager tailored to the characteristics of such an algorithm. By integrating this smart imager with a commercial wireless platform, we endowed the resulting system with vision capabilities and radio communication. Numerous tests were arranged in different natural scenarios in order to progressively tune all the parameters involved in the autonomous operation of this prototype node. The last test carried out, involving the prescribed burning of a 95 x 20-m shrub plot, confirmed the high degree of reliability of our approach in terms of both successful early detection and a very low false-alarm rate. Journal compilationMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-11812, IPT-2011-1625-430000Office of Naval Research (USA) N000141110312Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial IPC-2011100

Perceived Similarity With Gay Men Mediates the Effect of Antifemininity on Heterosexual Men’s Antigay Prejudice

This research examined the hypothesis that heterosexual men’s motivation to differentiate themselves from gay men mediates the relationship between the antifemininity norm of masculinity and antigay prejudice. We assessed masculinity through three concepts: status, thoughness, and antifemininity. Participants then reported their perceived similarity with gay men and their antigay prejudice. The results showed that antifemininity was the best predictor of both perceived similarity and antigay prejudice: The more people endorsed the antifemininity norm, the more they perceived themselves as dissimilar from gay men and showed antigay prejudice. More important, perceived similarity mediated the effect of antifemininity on antigay prejudice. These findings provide direct evidence for the link between masculinity and the motivation to differentiate oneself from gay men, and they suggest that antigay prejudice accomplishes the identity function of maintaining unambiguous gender boundaries

Optical Chirality in Dispersive and Lossy Media

[EN] Several dynamical properties of electromagnetic waves such as energy, momentum, angular momentum, and optical helicity have been recently reexamined in dispersive and lossless media. Here, we address an alternative derivation for the optical chirality, extending it so as to include dissipative effects as well. To this end, we first elaborate on the most complete form of the conservation law for the optical chirality, without any restrictions on the nature of the medium. As a result we find a general expression for the optical chirality density both in lossless and lossy dispersive media. Our definition is perfectly consistent with that originally introduced for electromagnetic fields in free space, and is applicable to any material system, including dielectrics, plasmonic nanostructures, and left-handed metamaterials.The authors are grateful to C. Garcia-Meca for valuable comments and discussions. This work was supported by funding from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain under Contract No. TEC2014-51902-C2-1-R.Vázquez-Lozano, JE.; Martínez Abietar, AJ. (2018). Optical Chirality in Dispersive and Lossy Media. Physical Review Letters. 121(4):043901-1-043901-7. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.043901S043901-1043901-7121

Propuesta de Problemas: Una Actividad Matemática Creativa

Desde la enseñanza básica los estudiantes presentan dificultades al resolver problemas, ésta situación ha sido estudiada desde múltiples enfoques y diferentes niveles, pero las investigaciones concuerdan en el que los actores del proceso educativo deben implementar estrategias que aminoren dichos inconvenientes. Estudios recientes y relevantes mostraron la importancia del planteamiento de problemas para el desarrollo de la creatividad matemática, indican también que los problemas planteados pueden ofrecer una variedad de contextos para estudiar y desarrollar habilidades matemáticas. En base a lo anterior y debido a que en la asignatura de Precálculo, se plantean problemas de aplicación con la finalidad de guiar a los estudiantes para que propongan problemas y con ello se motiven a resolverlos, desarrollen su creatividad e implementen los aprendizajes aprendidos en los cursos. Since basic education students are facing difficulties in solving problems, this study was carried out based on multiple approaches and at different levels. Research supports the view that the actors in the educational process should implement strategies to alleviate the problem faced by basic education students. Recent and relevant studies showed the importance of posing problems for the development of mathematical creativity. They also indicate that the problems posed can offer a variety of contexts to study and develop mathematical skills. Based on the above and in the subject of Precalculus, problems of application have risen up so as to guide students on how to solve problems. Student’s ability to solve problems would make them feel motivated, develop their creativity, and help them apply the lessons learned in the courses

Las Representaciones Sociales De Profesores Acerca Del Aprendizaje De La Matemática: El Caso De Profesores Inmigrantes

Esta investigación aborda las representaciones sociales (RS), ideas y percepciones que tienen dos profesores de matemáticas, uno originario de Europa Oriental, y otro de un país caribeño, acerca del aprendizaje de la matemática, a partir de sus experiencias didácticas con sus estudiantes de las licenciaturas a quienes han impartido clases de manera presencial en una universidad pública en México. Para la recolección de información se empleó como instrumento un cuestionario abierto. Se establecieron diez dimensiones que consideran las preguntas del cuestionario como elementos de observación y recopilación para los propósitos de la investigación; además se establecieron las categorías de cada dimensión, las cuales son las respuestas, las RS que cada profesor tuvo sobre las preguntas. En particular se presentan los resultados de las respuestas que los profesores han manifestado y ambos coinciden que ha sido grato trabajar en México y consideran que ha sido importante su aportación para la educación, sin embargo consideran que la formación en matemática debe ser más rigurosa y los estudiantes deben dedicar más tiempo a su estudio. La idea de conocer las opiniones de los profesores pretende que en alguna investigación futura se puedan comparar sus opiniones con las de profesores de México y el impacto que han tenido en los estudiantes. This paper focuses on addressing the Social Representations (SR), ideas, and perceptions that two math teachers, one from Eastern Europe and one from a Caribbean country, have about learning mathematics. The study was carried out based on their teaching experiences with their students to the degree of those who have taught in person at a public university in Mexico. For the collection of information, an open questionnaire was used as an instrument. Ten dimensions were established that considered the questions of the questionnaire as elements of observation and compilation for the specifics of the investigation; In addition, the categories of each dimension were established, which are the answers, the SR that each teacher had on the questions. In particular, the results of the answers that the professors have expressed and both agree that it has been pleasant to work in Mexico and consider that their contribution to education has been important, however they consider that mathematics training should be more rigorous and students should devote more time to their study. The idea of knowing the opinions of the professors intends that in some future research their opinions can be compared with those professors in Mexico and the impact they have had on student

Biotecnología

El ejercicio profesional del Médico Veterinario Zootecnista esta relacionado con muchos procesos biotecnológicos. La biotecnología en su definición más amplia, incluye la idea del uso de organismos biológicos con la finalidad de facilitar o mejorar la obtención de productos derivados de ellos, podríamos decir que ésta ha acompañado al hombre desde los inicios de la civilización y que ha alcanzado a diversas áreas de interés humano como son los alimentos, la medicina, procesos industriales, la agricultura y la medicina veterinaria y la zootecnia. Por lo que el presente curso pretende dar al alumno un panorama generadle algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de la biotecnología que tienen un impacto en el área del conocimiento profesional de un médico Veterinario Zootecnista, con un enfoque teórico práctico en algunas áreas, y teórico en otras; tales como la ingeniería genética, Proteómica, inmunología, la reproducción y producción animal y diagnóstico de enfermedades infecciosas y genéticas. Así como, los aspectos bioéticos esenciales en la manipulación y manejo sanitario de los animales de laboratorio

Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation of Titanium Alloy Substrate: E ects of Periodic Patterned Topography on the Optical Properties of Colorizing Surfaces

Most of the current works based on surface treatments of metals by laser marking technology are focused on the modification of the color tonality of flat surfaces, or the development of specific topography features, but the combination of both processes is not usually evaluated, mainly due to the complexity of controlling the optical properties on rough surfaces. This research presents an analysis of the influence of the micro-geometrical characteristics of periodic patterned laser tracks on the chromaticity and reflectance of Ti6Al4V substrates. The samples were irradiated with an infrared nanosecond pulsed laser in air atmosphere, taking as the control parameter the scan speed of the beam. A roughness evaluation, microscopic inspection, and absorption and chromaticity examination were conducted. Although micro-crack growth was detected in an isolated case (10 mm/s), the possibility of adjusting the result color was demonstrated by controlling the heat-a ected zone thickness of the textures. The results of rough/colored combined textures allow new perspectives in industrial design to open, particularly in aesthetic applications with special properties