Diagnóstico del estado actual de redes y evaluación técnico económica de las alternativas para la optimización del sistema de acueducto del municipio de Anapoima

Gestión y tecnología para la sustentabilidad de las comunidadesTeniendo como premisa que el abastecimiento de agua potable es un derecho fundamental para la sociedad, este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar las alternativas más viables para optimizar el servicio de acueducto en el municipio de Anapoima, dentro de las cuales se prioriza el proyecto de venta de agua en bloque por parte dela empresa de acueducto y alcantarillado de Bogotá y el proyecto embalse Calandaima; la definición del sistema más eficiente se realiza a partir del diagnóstico del estado actual de redes, para conocer los requerimientos de demanda que requiere dicho municipio, y posteriormente la evaluación técnica y económica de los proyectos antes mencionados. A partir del estudio de la información y el análisis de la misma se determinó que la alternativa más viable, económica, técnica, ambiental y socialmente es el proyecto de venta de agua en bloque desarrollado por parte de la empresa de acueducto y alcantarillado de Bogotá, considerando que este tiene la capacidad de abastecer la totalidad de la demanda solicitada, de manera continua, sin trasmitir altos costos a los usuarios del sistema, lo que conlleva al desarrollo de las poblaciones beneficiadas por el proyecto.Trabajo de InvestigaciónINTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. PROCESAMIENTO DE LA INFORMACIÓN 5. ANÁLISIS Y EVALUACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS 6. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍAEspecializaciónEspecialista en Recursos Hídrico

Condiciones de trabajo y satisfacción laboral en el personal de enfermería del servicio de emergencia, en un hospital del Callao - 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar cómo las condiciones de trabajo se relacionan con la satisfacción laboral en el personal de enfermería del Servicio de Emergencia, en un hospital del Callao- 2022. De acuerdo a la metodología utilizada el estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, además de ser de tipo aplicada con un nivel descriptivo correlacional efectuada en un corte transversal, con una muestra de 85 trabajadores del servicio de enfermería de emergencia, para ello se hizo uso de la encuesta como sistemas de recolección de datos utilizando dos cuestionarios. Al correlacionar las condiciones de trabajo con la satisfacción laboral, se logro evidenciar que de acuerdo a un 15.3% que presenta condiciones de trabajo deficientes presentan una satisfacción baja y un 2.4% una satisfacción laboral media; pero cuando las condiciones de trabajo eran regulares en un 7.1% la satisfacción laboral era baja, en un 40.0% era de nivel medio y en un 4.7% en un nivel alto; de igual forma cuando las condiciones de trabajo se presentaron en un nivel óptimo, en un 24.7% la satisfacción era alta y en un 5.9% de nivel medio. Finalmente se concluyó que las condiciones de trabajo se relacionan significativamente con la satisfacción laboral del personal en enfermería del Servicio de Emergencia, en un hospital del callao, 2022

Investment versus life cycle cost of buildings. Energy-economic projections

La inversión en la construcción es un factor limitante cuando se desea mejorar la eficiencia energética, debido a que los constructores prestan mayor atención a la inversión que al coste del ciclo de vida durante la vida útil del edificio. Este artículo presenta una metodología desarrollada que permite mejorar la calificación energética de edificios y su coste del ciclo de vida, en la mayoría de los escenarios económicos, las soluciones reducen la inversión, si se escogen los materiales constructivos óptimos.Investment in construction is limiting by some factors when it is desired improve energy efficiency, because the builders pay more attention to investment, which the life cycle cost over the lifetime of the building. This paper presents a developed methodology to improve the energy rating of buildings and life cycle cost, in the majority of economic scenarios; the solutions reduce investment, if the optimal construction materials are chosen. The aim of this study focuses on optimizing the life cycle cost of a building with the lowest consumption of energy demand, with the aim of improving environmental quality and energy. A methodology for optimizing the building envelope or skin of a building and the active elements that compose is set, to study the power consumption and the corresponding saving is established, considering the environmental impact and the cost of it. The application of a heuristic Tabu expedites time to resolution of the problem. However, the life cycle cost study is necessary to develop projections possible about the economic future of a building. Homeowners should understand the different economic situations in order to protect their investment. Moreover, investment is often a limiting factor in the decisions of construction. It tends to minimize the investment, within the law when it comes to achieve an energy rating and energy efficiency index, therefore you must know the effect of the investment when optimizing a building. In the future pricing of carbon emissions may provide an incentive for the deployment of efficient and low-carbon technologies across Europe. Those responsible of strategic investments in buildings often make decisions more or less intuitively, generally based on experience. The study of a building for different economic projections, we propose and consider different climatic zones. The building of residential character is described in detail. The application of the methodology presented in this paper can offer the user the study of buildings to various economic situations. The paper presents 956 case studies of this building. By studying Spanish 12 climatic zones, different economic scenarios are presented. The results show that the application of the methodology allows a reduction of CO2 emissions, reduced demand for heating, and the investment is reduced in a considerable number of life cycle cost cases. The final decision is applied by the responsible of making the decision, although the data obtained by applying this methodology are used to make that decision. The methodology provides a competitive advantage when the building is presented. Given the uncertainties in the market, it should not make overly optimistic assessment, although the system helps decision making, the experience will be key to decide the best economic scenario

As ferrovias suburbanas europeias: visão econômica sobre o novo entorno geral operacional

This article aims to highlight the main changes in suburban railways, as result of the liberalisation processes undertaken by the European Union for the last decades. With this purpose, it first takes into consideration the main induced benefits of this mode of transport in European cities from a social, economic, territorial and environmental point of view. Next, it analyses the most relevant transformations that have occurred in the operational framework of European suburban railways, from the perspectives of the service provision, the infrastructure management and the operation of mobile equipment.Este artículo pretende destacar los principales cambios ocurridos en los ferrocarriles suburbanos como resultado de los procesos liberalizadores emprendidos por la Unión Europea (UE) en las últimas décadas. Para ello, en primer lugar, realiza un recorrido por los principales beneficios inducidos de este modo de transporte en las ciudades europeas, en clave social, económica, territorial y medioambiental. A continuación, analiza las transformaciones más destacables que han tenido lugar en el marco operativo de los ferrocarriles suburbanos europeos, desde la perspectiva de la prestación del servicio, la gestión de la infraestructura y la explotación del material móvilEste artigo pretende destacar as principais mudanças ocorridas nas ferrovias suburbanas como resultado dos processos de liberação empreendidos pela União Europeia (UE) nas últimas décadas. Para isso, em primeiro lugar, realiza um percurso pelos principais benefícios induzidos deste modo de transporte nas cidades europeias, em chave social, econômica, territorial e meio-ambiental. A seguir, analisa as transformações de maior destaque ocorridas no marco operacional das ferrovias suburbanas europeias, desde a perspectiva da prestação do serviço, a gestão da infraestrutura e da exploração do material móve

Influence of Football Match-Play on Isometric Knee Flexion Strength and Passive Hip Flexion Range of Motion in Football Referees and Assistant Referees.

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of officiating a football (soccer) match on isometric knee flexion strength and passive hip flexion range-of-motion (ROM) in referees and assistant football referees. Twelve referees (25.3 ± 3.3 years) and twenty-three assistant referees (25.1 ± 4.8 years) underwent measurements on isometric knee flexion strength and passive hip flexion ROM before and after officiating an official football match. Referees’ and assistant referees’ running patterns were monitored during the match using GPS technology. In comparison to pre-match values, referees reduced their isometric knee flexion strength (−12.36%, p = 0.046, Effect size [ES] = −0.36) in the non-dominant limb, while no significant differences were reported in the dominant limb (−0.75%, p = 0.833, ES = −0.02). No effect of the match was found in hip flexion ROM values in dominant (−4.78%, p = 0.102, ES = −0.15) and non-dominant limb (5.54%, p = 0.544, ES = 0.19). In assistant referees, the pre-to-post-match changes in isometric knee flexion strength (dominant limb −3.10%, p = 0.323, ES = −0.13; non-dominant limb −2.18%, p = 0.980, ES= 0.00) and hip flexion ROM (dominant limb 1.90% p = −0.816, ES = 0.13; non-dominant limb 3.22% p = 0.051, ES = 0.23) did not reach statistical significance. Officiating a match provoked a reduction in isometric knee flexion strength in the non-dominant limb of football referees, while no differences were reported in assistant referees.post-print676 K

Hospital length of stay throughout bed pathways and factors affecting this time : A non-concurrent cohort study of Colombia COVID-19 patients and an unCoVer network project

Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2023 Ruiz Galvis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Predictions of hospital beds occupancy depends on hospital admission rates and the length of stay (LoS) according to bed type (general ward -GW- and intensive care unit -ICU- beds). The objective of this study was to describe the LoS of COVID-19 hospital patients in Colombia during 2020-2021. Accelerated failure time models were used to estimate the LoS distribution according to each bed type and throughout each bed pathway. Acceleration factors and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the effect on LoS of the outcome, sex, age, admission period during the epidemic (i.e., epidemic waves, peaks or valleys, and before/after vaccination period), and patients geographic origin. Most of the admitted COVID-19 patients occupied just a GW bed. Recovered patients spent more time in the GW and ICU beds than deceased patients. Men had longer LoS than women. In general, the LoS increased with age. Finally, the LoS varied along epidemic waves. It was lower in epidemic valleys than peaks, and decreased after vaccinations began in Colombia. Our study highlights the necessity of analyzing local data on hospital admission rates and LoS to design strategies to prioritize hospital beds resources during the current and future pandemics.Peer reviewe

Genomic characterization of host factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with dementia and control populations: the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis

Casual Learn: A Smart Application to Learn History of Art

Producción CientíficaSmart Learning promises the connection between formal and informal learning, but how to offer informal learning tasks related to formal learning is still a challenge. This demonstration paper presents CasualLearn, a smart learning application that bridges formal and informal learning to learn History of Art in the Spanish region of Castile and Leon. CasualLearn uses a dataset of 16,221 contextualized informal learning tasks that were semi-automatically created exploiting Open Data from the Web. CasualLearn offers these tasks to students based on their context: their geolocation, the activity they do and the topics covered in their formal education. A demo application is currently available for Android devices.Junta de Castilla y León (Project VA257P18)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Project TIN2017-85179-C3-2-R)European Commission (Project grant 588438-EPP-1-2017-1-EL-EPPKA2-KA

Mechanically reconfigurable linear phased array antenna based on single-block waveguide reflective phase shifters with tuning screws

This work presents the design and prototyping of a reconfigurable phased array in Ku band (16 to 18 GHz) implemented in waveguide technology. The design is based on the use of a novel seamless waveguide module integrating four reconfigurable phase shifters to adjust the relative phase shift between the unitary elements of a linear array, which are illuminated uniformly by a corporate waveguide feeding network. The phase shifters are implemented by a 90º hybrid coupler in waveguide technology where two of its ports are loaded with a tunable reactive load, implemented in this proof of concept with a tuning screw. The four phase shifters have been manufactured in a single part using direct metal laser sintering, avoiding the losses related to bad electric contacts and misalignments associated to multipart devices. This also simplifies the assembly of the full phased array, leading to a modular approach with three parts whose design can be addressed separately. The experimental results for the complete array antenna show great performance and demonstrate that the main-lobe of the radiation pattern can be effectively scanned continuously between the angles - 25º and 25º, with a high efficiency in the whole design band thanks to the proposed waveguide implementationThis work was supported by the Spanish Government, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional: AEI/FEDER, UE, under Grant TEC2016-76070-C3-1-

Biosensor amperométrico para la medida de galactosa compuesto por microgeles de poliacrilamida

Galactosemia is one of the natural errors of the metabolism more frequent, its clinical representation in children not treated can be severe, sometimes mortal; its diagnostic is relatively simple and its treatment is very easy and effective. Hence, in last years new biosensors design for galactose determination based on galactose oxidase has been proposed. The aim of this work consists of the immobilization of galactose oxidase (GlOx) in polyacrylamide microparticles, using the concentrated emulsion method, and their use as biological material of a new amperometric biosensor for galactose determination. For preparing the galactose biosensors, microparticles with galactose oxidase were deposited on the surface of a platinum electrode and covered with a dialysis membrane. Microparticles were characterized by a Galai Cis-1 particle analyzer system, scanning electron microscopy, X-rays diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The presence of galactose oxidase decreases the transition temperature (Tg) of the polyacrylamide microgels. The influence of several experimental factors, such as crosslinking content, pH and temperature, on the biosensor response was investigated. The optimal performance of the biosensor takes place for a cross-linking of 7.0%, 40ºC and pH 7.0. The proposed immobilization system almost does not modify the enzyme activity, but seems to protect to the enzyme because an increase of the temperature range in which the enzyme is active is observed.La galactosemia es uno de los errores innatos del metabolismo más frecuentes. Su presentación clínica en niños no tratados puede ser severa, a veces mortal; su diagnóstico es relativamente simple y su tratamiento es muy sencillo y efectivo. Esto ha hecho que en los últimos años se hayan propuesto nuevos diseños de biosensores para la determinación de galactosa basados en galactosa oxidasa. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en la inmovilización de galactosa oxidasa (GlOx) en micropartículas de poliacrilamida (PAA), sintetizadas a partir del método de emulsión concentrada, y su utilización como material biológico de un nuevo biosensor amperométrico para la determinación de galactosa. Para preparar los biosensores de galactosa se depositaron las micropartículas con galactosa oxidasa sobre la superficie de un electrodo de platino y se cubrieron con una membrana de diálisis. Las micropartículas se caracterizaron mediante un analizador de partículas Galai Cis-1, microscopía electrónica de barrido, difracción de rayos X y calorimetría de barrido diferencial. La temperatura de transición vítrea (Tg) de los microgeles de poliacrilamida disminuyó al encapsular en su interior galactosa oxidasa. Se estudió la influencia de distintos factores, tales como grado de reticulación, pH y temperatura en la respuesta del biosensor. Las condiciones óptimas se corresponden a un grado de reticulación del 7%, 40º C y pH 7,0. El sistema de inmovilización propuesto apenas modifica la actividad enzimática, pero parece proteger a la enzima aumentando el intervalo de temperatura en el que es activa