Escucha México, Estrategias Gráficas y Cultura Auditiva. Otoño 2022

Este reporte del PAP Escucha México, perteneciente al trabajo realizado durante el periodo de Otoño 2022, cuenta con información detallada sobre los resultados alcanzados en cada uno de los proyectos que integran esta organización en el período anteriormente establecido. Para este proceso en específico, se buscó enfocar la mayor cantidad de esfuerzos posibles a que el 4to Encuentro Internacional de Cultura Auditiva se desarrollara de la mejor forma posible, sin descuidar el trabajo que se siguió realizando en el resto de proyectos. Como resumen general, todos presentaron resultados positivos, pues se tuvo presencia importante en redes sociales, mejor que en periodos anteriores, además de que se combinaron esfuerzos para que el 4to Encuentro tuviera una difusión adecuada y alcanzara a la mayor cantidad de personas posibles, lo que a su vez resultó en eventos llenos de gente interesada en aprender sobre Cultura Auditiva y Discapacidad, ejes temáticos centrales de este PAP.ITESO, A.C

State of the climate in 2018

In 2018, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—continued their increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface was 407.4 ± 0.1 ppm, the highest in the modern instrumental record and in ice core records dating back 800 000 years. Combined, greenhouse gases and several halogenated gases contribute just over 3 W m−2 to radiative forcing and represent a nearly 43% increase since 1990. Carbon dioxide is responsible for about 65% of this radiative forcing. With a weak La Niña in early 2018 transitioning to a weak El Niño by the year’s end, the global surface (land and ocean) temperature was the fourth highest on record, with only 2015 through 2017 being warmer. Several European countries reported record high annual temperatures. There were also more high, and fewer low, temperature extremes than in nearly all of the 68-year extremes record. Madagascar recorded a record daily temperature of 40.5°C in Morondava in March, while South Korea set its record high of 41.0°C in August in Hongcheon. Nawabshah, Pakistan, recorded its highest temperature of 50.2°C, which may be a new daily world record for April. Globally, the annual lower troposphere temperature was third to seventh highest, depending on the dataset analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was approximately fifth lowest. The 2018 Arctic land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying for third highest in the 118-year record, following 2016 and 2017. June’s Arctic snow cover extent was almost half of what it was 35 years ago. Across Greenland, however, regional summer temperatures were generally below or near average. Additionally, a satellite survey of 47 glaciers in Greenland indicated a net increase in area for the first time since records began in 1999. Increasing permafrost temperatures were reported at most observation sites in the Arctic, with the overall increase of 0.1°–0.2°C between 2017 and 2018 being comparable to the highest rate of warming ever observed in the region. On 17 March, Arctic sea ice extent marked the second smallest annual maximum in the 38-year record, larger than only 2017. The minimum extent in 2018 was reached on 19 September and again on 23 September, tying 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest extent on record. The 23 September date tied 1997 as the latest sea ice minimum date on record. First-year ice now dominates the ice cover, comprising 77% of the March 2018 ice pack compared to 55% during the 1980s. Because thinner, younger ice is more vulnerable to melting out in summer, this shift in sea ice age has contributed to the decreasing trend in minimum ice extent. Regionally, Bering Sea ice extent was at record lows for almost the entire 2017/18 ice season. For the Antarctic continent as a whole, 2018 was warmer than average. On the highest points of the Antarctic Plateau, the automatic weather station Relay (74°S) broke or tied six monthly temperature records throughout the year, with August breaking its record by nearly 8°C. However, cool conditions in the western Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen Sea sector contributed to a low melt season overall for 2017/18. High SSTs contributed to low summer sea ice extent in the Ross and Weddell Seas in 2018, underpinning the second lowest Antarctic summer minimum sea ice extent on record. Despite conducive conditions for its formation, the ozone hole at its maximum extent in September was near the 2000–18 mean, likely due to an ongoing slow decline in stratospheric chlorine monoxide concentration. Across the oceans, globally averaged SST decreased slightly since the record El Niño year of 2016 but was still far above the climatological mean. On average, SST is increasing at a rate of 0.10° ± 0.01°C decade−1 since 1950. The warming appeared largest in the tropical Indian Ocean and smallest in the North Pacific. The deeper ocean continues to warm year after year. For the seventh consecutive year, global annual mean sea level became the highest in the 26-year record, rising to 81 mm above the 1993 average. As anticipated in a warming climate, the hydrological cycle over the ocean is accelerating: dry regions are becoming drier and wet regions rainier. Closer to the equator, 95 named tropical storms were observed during 2018, well above the 1981–2010 average of 82. Eleven tropical cyclones reached Saffir–Simpson scale Category 5 intensity. North Atlantic Major Hurricane Michael’s landfall intensity of 140 kt was the fourth strongest for any continental U.S. hurricane landfall in the 168-year record. Michael caused more than 30 fatalities and $25 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages. In the western North Pacific, Super Typhoon Mangkhut led to 160 fatalities and$6 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh was responsible for 170 fatalities in Vietnam and Laos. Nearly all the islands of Micronesia experienced at least moderate impacts from various tropical cyclones. Across land, many areas around the globe received copious precipitation, notable at different time scales. Rodrigues and Réunion Island near southern Africa each reported their third wettest year on record. In Hawaii, 1262 mm precipitation at Waipā Gardens (Kauai) on 14–15 April set a new U.S. record for 24-h precipitation. In Brazil, the city of Belo Horizonte received nearly 75 mm of rain in just 20 minutes, nearly half its monthly average. Globally, fire activity during 2018 was the lowest since the start of the record in 1997, with a combined burned area of about 500 million hectares. This reinforced the long-term downward trend in fire emissions driven by changes in land use in frequently burning savannas. However, wildfires burned 3.5 million hectares across the United States, well above the 2000–10 average of 2.7 million hectares. Combined, U.S. wildfire damages for the 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons exceeded $40 billion (U.S. dollars)

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Profiling the antibody response of humans protected by immunization with Plasmodium vivax radiation-attenuated sporozoites

Abstract Malaria sterile immunity has been reproducibly induced by immunization with Plasmodium radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS). Analyses of sera from RAS-immunized individuals allowed the identification of P. falciparum antigens, such as the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the basis for the RTS, S and R21Matrix-M vaccines. Similar advances in P. vivax (Pv) vaccination have been elusive. We previously reported 42% (5/12) of sterile protection in malaria-unexposed, Duffy-positive (Fy +) volunteers immunized with PvRAS followed by a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Using a custom protein microarray displaying 515 Pv antigens, we found a significantly higher reactivity to PvCSP and one hypothetical protein (PVX_089630) in volunteers protected against P. vivax infection. In mock-vaccinated Fy + volunteers, a strong antibody response to CHMI was also observed. Although the Fy- volunteers immunized with non-irradiated Pv-infected mosquitoes (live sporozoites) did not develop malaria after CHMI, they recognized a high number of antigens, indicating the temporary presence of asexual parasites in peripheral blood. Together, our findings contribute to the understanding of the antibody response to P. vivax infection and allow the identification of novel parasite antigens as vaccine candidates. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT 01082341

Relación entre la frecuencia y horario de alimentación con el sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos trujillanos: Relationship between the meal frequency and timing with overweight and obesity in trujillan adults.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are rapidly growing in the world, with a higher risk of chronic diseases. Nutritional strategies are of great interest for weight loss and control, such as the influence of meal frequency and timing. Objective: To determine the relationship between the meal frequency and timing with overweight and obesity in the adult population of Trujillo between 30 and 70 years old. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A sample of 160 participants, between 30 and 70 years old, is included; the data was collected through a virtual survey. Participants were classified into a normal weight group established by a BMI between 18.5-24.9 and an overweight-obese group established by a BMI greater than or equal to 25. An expert-validated questionnaire was produced to assess the meal frequency and timing. Results: Of the 160 participants, 61.88% were female, 40% were between 30-39 years old. The normal weight group was made up of 60 participants; and overweight-obesity, per 100 participants. In the statistical analysis, a significant difference was evidenced between the level of low-moderate physical activity (p = 0.019), the meal frequency did not present a significant difference (p = 0.477) and within the meal timing, the consumption of subsequent dinner at 8:00 pm showed a significant difference (p = 0.021), as well as the consumption of intermediates after 5:00 pm (p = 0.016), Conclusion: Consuming food during the night in a time after 8:00 pm is significantly associated with the risk of overweight and obesity; while in the meal frequency it does not appear.Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad presentan un rápido crecimiento en el mundo, con un mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. Las estrategias nutricionales son de gran interés para el control y pérdida de peso, como la influencia de la frecuencia y el horario de alimentación. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la frecuencia y horario de alimentación con el sobrepeso y obesidad en población adulta trujillana de 30 a 70 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyó una muestra de 160 participantes, entre 30 y 70 años; los datos se recolectaron mediante una encuesta virtual. Los participantes se clasificaron en un grupo de peso normal establecido por IMC entre 18.5-24.9 y un grupo de sobrepeso-obesidad establecido por IMC mayor o igual a 25. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos para evaluar la frecuencia y horario de alimentación. Resultados: De los 160 participantes, el 61.88% fue de sexo femenino, el 40% tuvo una edad entre 30-39 años. El grupo de peso normal se conformó por 60 participantes; y el de sobrepeso-obesidad, por 100 participantes. En el análisis estadístico, se evidenció una diferencia significativa entre el nivel de actividad física bajo-moderado (p=0.019), la frecuencia de alimentación no presentó diferencia significativa (p=0.477) y dentro del horario de alimentación, el consumo de cena posterior a las 8:00 pm presentó diferencia significativa (p=0.021), así como el consumo de intermedios posterior a las 5:00 pm (p=0.016),  Conclusión: Consumir alimentos durante la noche en un horario posterior a las 8:00 pm se asocia significativamente a riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad; mientras que en la frecuencia de alimentación no se presenta

Protective Efficacy of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Radiation-Attenuated Sporozoites in Colombian Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p>Immunizing human volunteers by mosquito bite with radiation-attenuated <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> sporozoites (RAS) results in high-level protection against infection. Only two volunteers have been similarly immunized with <i>P</i>. <i>vivax (Pv)</i> RAS, and both were protected. A phase 2 controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and protective efficacy of <i>Pv</i>RAS immunization.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>A randomized, single-blinded trial was conducted. Duffy positive (Fy+; <i>Pv</i> susceptible) individuals were enrolled: 14 received bites from irradiated (150 ± 10 cGy) <i>Pv</i>-infected <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes (RAS) and 7 from non-irradiated non-infected mosquitoes (Ctl). An additional group of seven Fy- (<i>Pv</i> refractory) volunteers was immunized with bites from non-irradiated <i>Pv</i>-infected mosquitoes. A total of seven immunizations were carried out at mean intervals of nine weeks. Eight weeks after last immunization, a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with non-irradiated <i>Pv</i>-infected mosquitoes was performed. Nineteen volunteers completed seven immunizations (12 RAS, 2 Ctl, and 5 Fy-) and received a CHMI. Five of 12 (42%) RAS volunteers were protected (receiving a median of 434 infective bites) compared with 0/2 Ctl. None of the Fy- volunteers developed infection by the seventh immunization or after CHMI. All non-protected volunteers developed symptoms 8–13 days after CHMI with a mean pre-patent period of 12.8 days. No serious adverse events related to the immunizations were observed. Specific IgG1 anti-<i>Pv</i>CS response was associated with protection.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Immunization with <i>Pv</i>RAS was safe, immunogenic, and induced sterile immunity in 42% of the Fy+ volunteers. Moreover, Fy- volunteers were refractory to <i>Pv</i> malaria.</p><p>Trial registration</p><p>Identifier: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01082341" target="_blank">NCT01082341</a>.</p></div

IgG isotype response against <i>Pv</i>CS<i>-</i>NRC peptide.

<p>Antibody IgG isotype levels determined by ELISA in the RAS group (n = 12; <b>A</b>), Fy- group (n = 5; <b>B</b>) and Ctl group (n = 2; <b>B</b>) at seventh immunization are shown. Values are expressed as reactivity index (RI) defined as sample OD divided by the cut-off value. Horizontal bars indicate median values. p value using the Mann-Whitney U test between protected and non-protected are shown.</p