Efectos de un programa de actividad física extracurricular en niños de primer ciclo de ESO con sobrepeso y obesidad

Obesity and its impact are increasingly obvious in Spanish society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an extracurricular intervention of physical and sports activities in order to improve students' body composition and fitness level between two groups of adolescences with overweight or obesity for a six-month period. Moreover, a comparison based on gender was also targeted in this intervention. The sample consisted of 38 students, seventeen boys and twenty-one girls, with BMI above the 85th percentile. Several fitness tests and anthropometric measurements were performed. The results showed significant improvements in the experimental group regarding their physical condition and body fat percentage compared to the control group who did not show any significant achievements. According to the comparison based on gender, within the experimental group, girls achieved more significant results both in their physical fitness and in their body fat percentage

Acute Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Diagnosis and Treatment

Infection is one of the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The current incidence of prosthetic knee infection is 1-3%, depending on the series(.) For treatment and control to be more cost effective, multidisciplinary groups made up of professionals from different specialities who can work together to eradicate these kinds of infections need to be assembled. About the microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus were among the most frequent microorganisms involved (74%). Anamnesis and clinical examination are of primary importance in order to determine whether the problem may point to a possible acute septic complication. The first diagnosis may then be supported by increased CRP and ESR levels. The surgical treatment for a chronic prosthetic knee infection has been perfectly defined and standardized, and consists in a two-stage implant revision process. In contrast, the treatment for acute prosthetic knee infection is currently under debate. Considering the different surgical techniques that already exist, surgical debridement with conservation of the prosthesis and polythene revision appears to be an attractive option for both surgeon and patient, as it is less aggressive than the two-stage revision process and has lower initial costs. The different results obtained from this technique, along with prognosis factors and conclusions to keep in mind when it is indicated for an acute prosthetic infection, whether post-operative or haematogenous, will be analysed by the authors

Seminal plasma applied post-thawing affects boar sperm physiology: A flow cytometry study

P. 400-410Cryopreservation induces extensive biophysical and biochemical changes in the sperm. In the present study, we used flow cytometry to assess the capacitation-like status of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa and its relationship with intracellular calcium, assessment of membrane fluidity, modification of thiol groups in plasma membrane proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, viability, acrosomal status, and mitochondrial activity. This experiment was performed to verify the effect of adding seminal plasma on post-thaw sperm functions. To determine these effects after cryopreservation, frozen-thawed semen from seven boars was examined after supplementation with different concentrations of pooled seminal plasma (0%, 10%, and 50%) at various times of incubation from 0 to 4 hours. Incubation caused a decrease in membrane integrity and an increase in acrosomal damage, with small changes in other parameters (P > 0.05). Although 10% seminal plasma showed few differences with 0% (ROS increase at 4 hours, P < 0.05), 50% seminal plasma caused important changes. Membrane fluidity increased considerably from the beginning of the experiment, and ROS and free thiols in the cell surface increased by 2 hours of incubation. By the end of the experiment, viability decreased and acrosomal damage increased in the 50% seminal plasma samples. The addition of 50% of seminal plasma seems to modify the physiology of thawed boar spermatozoa, possibly through membrane changes and ROS increase. Although some effects were detrimental, the stimulatory effect of 50% seminal plasma could favor the performance of post-thawed boar semen, as showed in the field (García JC, Domínguez JC, Peña FJ, Alegre B, Gonzalez R, Castro MJ, Habing GG, Kirkwood RN. Thawing boar semen in the presence of seminal plasma: effects on sperm quality and fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2010;119:160–5).S

Melatonin non-linearly modulates bull spermatozoa motility and physiology in capacitating and non-capacitating conditions

Bull spermatozoa physiology may be modulated by melatonin. We washed ejaculated spermatozoa free of melatonin and incubated them (4 h, 38 °C) with 0-pM, 1-pM, 100-pM, 10-nM and 1-µM melatonin in TALP-HEPES (non-capacitating) and TALP-HEPES-heparin (capacitating). This range of concentrations encompassed the effects mediated by melatonin receptors (pM), intracellular targets (nM–µM) or antioxidant activity (µM). Treatment effects were assessed as motility changes by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of motility and physiological changes by flow cytometry. Melatonin effects were more evident in capacitating conditions, with 100 pM reducing motility and velocity (VCL) while increasing a “slow” subpopulation. All concentrations decreased apoptotic spermatozoa and stimulated mitochondrial activity in viable spermatozoa, with 100 pM–1 µM increasing acrosomal damage, 10 nM–1 µM increasing intracellular calcium and 1 pM reducing the response to a calcium-ionophore challenge. In non-capacitating media, 1 µM increased hyperactivation-related variables and decreased apoptotic spermatozoa; 100 pM–1 µM increased membrane disorders (related to capacitation); all concentrations decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Melatonin concentrations had a modal effect on bull spermatozoa, suggesting a capacitation-modulating role and protective effect at physiological concentrations (pM). Some effects may be of practical use, considering artificial reproductive techniques

El XV Congreso Internacional de Psicologia (Bruselas, 1957)

En una época especialmente relevante para el surgimiento de la moderna Psicología, se celebró en Bruselas el XV Congreso Internacional de Psicología. El presidente de esta reunión fue Albert Michotte y a ella asistieron un total de 1256 investigadores. En la reunión se presentaron un total de 329 trabajos, siendo la sensación y percepción, la Psicometría, la Psicología social y la Psicología fisiológica, los ámbitos que despertaron mayor interés entre los Investigadores. En este congreso destaca el gran número de trabajos presentados por investigadores de Estados Unidos, lo que muestra de manera clara el gran despliegue de la psicología Americana frente a la Europea

La presencia del evolucionismo en las Ciencias Sociales y en particular en la Psicología

En el presente trabajo se examina el impacto actual de Charles Darwin en el complejo campo de las ciencias sociales, prestando atención particular a la psicología actual. El método utilizado ha sido el análisis de las citas dirigidas a Darwin en las publicaciones vaciadas por el Social Sciences Citation Index. El objetivo planteado ha sido determinar el número de citas recibidas, precisar su distribución temporal, y consignar las obras más relevantes según el criterio. Además, se analiza el ámbito científico en el que muestran mayor impacto y las revistas máximas citadoras

How Does the Family Influence the Physical Condition and Health of Children in a Rural Environment?

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess physical conditions related to health status and establish relationships with influencing factors such as family structure, educational level, and parental professional occupation in the infant stage of three to five years in a rural setting. The sample included 205 children between 3 and 5 years of age from rural areas (<10,000 inhabitants) from the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Fitness level was measured using the PREFIT battery; influencing factors were assessed with a family information questionnaire. The results showed significant di erences in all the analyzed variables of physical condition and between genders at each of the educational levels except for body mass index. Boys performed better than girls on cardio-respiratory fitness tests, muscle strength in both hands, speed-agility, and longitudinal jump tests for boys aged three, while girls performed the test better at four years. The type of family structure was not correlated with any of the variables of physical condition; a lower level of education of the father and mother and the professional occupation of the mother were correlated with a higher body mass index. As a main conclusion, physical condition related to health seems to be a ected by influencing factors such as educational level and family professional occupation, especially of the mother, but the type of family structure does not have as much influence. There are few studies in children from three to five years of age in exclusively rural areas, so the data in this study provides relevant and innovative information, while opening research to cater to this population group

A área da Educação Física e sua repercussão na realização da atividade física durante o recesso escolar a partir de uma proposta de intervenção. Um estudo piloto.

Introducción: Las tasas de obesidad se han visto incrementadas en los últimos años, provocando un descenso de la calidad de vida de las personas, siendo la inactividad física una de las principales causas. Por ello, el contexto escolar se ha convertido en un espacio vital para la prevención de estas actitudes. Dentro de la jornada escolar tenemos dos momentos fundamentales para ello: las clases de Educación Física y el recreo escolar. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las preferencias de actividad física que tienen los escolares tanto dentro del área de Educación Física como en el recreo, y a partir de una adecuada intervención dentro de la propia área curricular, dotar de una serie de aprendizajes y experiencias motrices que le permitan al niño mantener, experimentar o modificar sus hábitos dentro de este espacio y tiempo de inactividad académica dentro del periodo lectivo. Métodos: La muestra estaba formada por 52 alumnos de 2º nivel de Educación Primaria, 28 chicos-24 chicas entre los 7-8 años de edad (7,23 ± 0,43). Se les aplicó un cuestionario validado pretest, intervención y postest. Resultados y discusión: Se evidencia que tras una adecuada intervención dentro del área de Educación Física se realizan recreos más activos. Las niñas realizan actividades más sedentarias que los chicos. Resulta necesario establecer programas físicamente más activos en el recreo, así como una revisión de las diferentes programaciones didácticas propias del área, en la búsqueda de una mayor repercusión de los aprendizajes adquiridos en su vida diaria y momentos saludables.Introduction: Obesity rates have increased in recent years, causing a decline in the quality of life of people, physical inactivity being one of the main causes. Therefore, the school context has become a vital space for the prevention of these attitudes. Within the school day, we have two fundamental moments for it: Physical Education classes and school recess. Objectives: The objective of this study was to know the preferences of physical activity that schoolchildren have both within the area of Physical Education and at recess, and from an appropriate intervention within the curricular area itself, to provide a series of learning and motor experiences that allow the child to maintain, experiment or modify their habits within this academic space and time of inactivity within the school period. Methods: The sample consisted of 52 students of second level of Primary Education, 28 boys-24 girls between 7-8 years of age (7.23 ± 0.43). A pre-test, intervention and post-test questionnaire was applied. Results and discussion: It is evident that after an adequate intervention within the Physical Education area recreations that are more active are made. Girls perform more sedentary activities than boys do. It is necessary to establish physically more active programs at recess, as well as a review of the different didactic programming of the area, in the search for a greater impact of the learning acquired in their daily lives and healthy moments.Introdução: A obesidade taxas foram aumentadas nos últimos anos, causando um declínio na qualidade de vida das pessoas, a inatividade física sendo uma das principais causas. Portanto, o contexto escolar tornou-se um espaço vital para a prevenção dessas atitudes. Dentro do dia escolar temos dois momentos fundamentais para isso: aulas de Educação Física e recesso escolar. Objectivos: propõe-se este estudo com os objetivos de descrever as preferências de atividade física com a escola, da área de educação física e recesso, e da intervenção apropriada dentro da própria área curricular, fornecem uma gama de aprendizagem e experiências motoras que permitem à criança manter, experimentar ou modificar seus hábitos dentro deste espaço acadêmico e tempo de inatividade dentro do período escolar. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 52 alunos de 2º nível do ensino primário, 28 crianças-24 meninas entre 7-8 anos de idade (7,23 ± 0,43). Um pré-teste validado, intervenção e posttest questionário foi aplicado. Resultados e discussão: É evidente que, após uma intervenção adequada dentro da área de Educação Física, são realizadas recriações mais ativas. As meninas realizam atividades mais sedentárias do que os meninos. Necessário estabelecer fisicamente mais ativos programas de recreação, bem como uma revisão dos diferentes programas de ensino própria área de, em busca de um maior impacto do aprendizado adquirido em suas vidas diárias e momentos saudáveis

Melatonin Non-Linearly Modulates Bull Spermatozoa Motility and Physiology in Capacitating and Non-Capacitating Conditions

[EN] Bull spermatozoa physiology may be modulated by melatonin. We washed ejaculated spermatozoa free of melatonin and incubated them (4 h, 38 °C) with 0-pM, 1-pM, 100-pM, 10-nM and 1-µM melatonin in TALP-HEPES (non-capacitating) and TALP-HEPES-heparin (capacitating). This range of concentrations encompassed the effects mediated by melatonin receptors (pM), intracellular targets (nM–µM) or antioxidant activity (µM). Treatment effects were assessed as motility changes by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of motility and physiological changes by flow cytometry. Melatonin effects were more evident in capacitating conditions, with 100 pM reducing motility and velocity (VCL) while increasing a “slow” subpopulation. All concentrations decreased apoptotic spermatozoa and stimulated mitochondrial activity in viable spermatozoa, with 100 pM–1 µM increasing acrosomal damage, 10 nM–1 µM increasing intracellular calcium and 1 pM reducing the response to a calcium-ionophore challenge. In non-capacitating media, 1 µM increased hyperactivation-related variables and decreased apoptotic spermatozoa; 100 pM–1 µM increased membrane disorders (related to capacitation); all concentrations decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Melatonin concentrations had a modal effect on bull spermatozoa, suggesting a capacitation-modulating role and protective effect at physiological concentrations (pM). Some effects may be of practical use, considering artificial reproductive techniquesSIThis research was funded by MINECO (Spain), Grant Number AGL2013-4332

Rendimiento táctico de jóvenes jugadores de fútbol con talento

The evaluation of talented soccer players has been based, traditionally, on physical capacities through technical-tactical tests. However, in the last years, soccer academies are focused their evaluations on technical-tactical and physical capacities, as well. Given that, the purpose of this work has been twofold: 1) to examine the evolution of the tactical performance of a group of talented players previously selected; 2) to compare the tactical performance between talented and non-talented players in previous literature. A total of 607 tactical sequences were evaluated. A total of 15 players were selected from an initial sample of 104 soccer players aged 14–23 years (17.03±2.01). The Nomination Scale for identifying Football Talent and the FUT-SAT instrument were used. The results indicated that the tactical principle Width and Length are the most used in the offensive phase, while Defensive Unity is the most frequent in the defensive phase. The effectiveness of the tactical principles decreases from U-16 to U-23. Finally, there is a greater percentage of efficacy in the use of tactical principles with talented players. In summary, that talented soccer players may have a better tactical acquisition in the offensive phase than the defensive. So, the precocity in tactical acquisition of these players must be considered when designing training sessions.La evaluación de los futbolistas talentosos se ha basado en pruebas técnicas aisladas. El lado táctico de cada jugador de fútbol ahora ha ganado más importancia. Por eso, el propósito de este trabajo ha sido doble. Primero, examinar la evolución del desempeño táctico de un grupo de jugadores talentosos previamente seleccionados. En segundo lugar, comparar el desempeño táctico entre jugadores talentosos y no talentosos. Se evaluaron un total de 607 secuencias tácticas. Estos jugadores fueron seleccionados de una muestra inicial de 104 jugadores de fútbol con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 23 años (17.03±2.01). Se utilizó la Escala de Nominación para la identificación del Talento del Fútbol y el instrumento FUT-SAT. Los resultados indicaron que el principio táctico amplitud y longitud son los más utilizados en la fase ofensiva, mientras que unidad defensiva es el más frecuente en la fase defensiva. La efectividad de los principios tácticos disminuye de U-16 a U-23. Existe un mayor porcentaje de eficacia en el uso de principios tácticos con jugadores talentosos. Se concluye que los futbolistas talentosos tienen una mejor adquisición táctica en la fase ofensiva que en la defensiva. Por tanto, la precocidad en la adquisición táctica de estos jugadores debe tenerse en cuenta a la hora de diseñar las sesiones de entrenamiento.Actividad Física y Deport