FET y de las JONS en el món rural català de la postguerra

L’article analitza el desplegament de FET y de las JONS en el món rural de l’interior de Catalunya durant la postguerra. Des d’una metodologia que prioritza l’estudi arran de terra i el tractament de les fonts documentals provincials i locals, es qüestiona quina va ser la capacitat del partit únic franquista de bastir una estructura política i de penetració social, en les seves pretensions de controlar, enquadrar, socialitzar i mobilitzar la societat. L’article ofereix una realitat del partit que difereix substancialmentdels discursos i retòriques del moment, amb una implantació desigual en el territori, uns recursos humans i materials molt limitats i que només assolí parcialment alguns dels objectius i les funcions que li foren atribuïdes.The paper analyses the implementation of FET y de la JONS in the in land rural area of Catalonia during the post-war period. Making use of a methodology that prioritizes a ground level perspective and uses several provincial and local documentary sources, it wonders what capability the Francoist single party had to build a political structure and to penetrate in the social body in their will to control, frame, socialize and mobilize the society. The article provides a reality of the party that substantially differs from the speeches and rhetoric of those years regarding an unequal party’s deployment in the region, very limited human and material resources and the fact that it only partially achieved some of the party’s goals and assigned functions.El artículo analiza el despliegue de FET y de las JONS en el mundo rural del interior de Cataluña durante la postguerra. Desde una metodología que prioriza el estudio a ras de suelo y el manejo de fuentes documentales provinciales y locales, se cuestiona cuál fue la capacidad del partido único franquista de construir una estructura política y de penetración social, en sus pretensiones de controlar, encuadrar, socializar y movilizar la sociedad. El artículo ofrece una realidad del partido que difiere sustancialmente de los discursos y las retóricas del momento, con una implantación desigual en el territorio, unos recursos humanos y materiales muy limitados y que tan sólo consiguió parcialmente algunos de los objetivos y las funciones que le fueron asignada

A first cubic upper bound on the local reachability index for some positive 2-D systems

[EN] The calculation of the smallest number of steps needed to deterministically reach all local states of an nth-order positive 2-D system, which is called local reachability index (ILR) of that system, was recently tackled bymeans of the use of a suitable composition table. The greatest index ILR obtained in the previous literature was n+3 ([n/2]) 2 for some appropriated values of n. Taking as a basis both a combinatorial approach of such systems and the construction of suitable geometric sets in the plane, an upper bound on ILR depending on the dimension n for a new family of systems is characterized. The 2-D influence digraph of this family of order n = 6 consists of two subdigraphs corresponding to a unique source s. The first one is a cycle involving the first n(1) vertices and is connected to the another subdigraph through the 1-arc (2, n(1) +n(2)), being the natural numbers n(1) and n(2) such that n(1) > n(2) = 2 and n-n(1)-n(2) = 1. The second one has two main cycles, a cycle where only the remaining vertices n(1)+1,..., n appear and a cycle containing only the vertices n(1)+1, n(1)+n(2)-1. Moreover, the last vertices are connected through the 2-arc (n(1) +n(2)-1, n). Furthermore, if n > 12 and is a multiple of 3, for appropriate n(1) and n(2), the ILR of that family is at least cubic, exactly, it must be n(3)+9n(2)+45n+108/27, which shows that some local states can be deterministically reached much further than initially proposed in the literature.We are gratefully thankful to the reviewers for their valuable remarks. This work has been partially supported by the European Union [FEDER funds] and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through Grants MTM-2013-43678-P and DPI2016-78831-C2-1-R.Bailo Ballarín, E.; Gelonch, J.; Romero Vivó, S. (2019). A first cubic upper bound on the local reachability index for some positive 2-D systems. 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A Methodology to Quantify Resilience in Growing Pigs

There is a growing concern about the genetic determinism of resilience and its possible implementation in breeding programs. The objective of our study was to elaborate novel resilience indicators in growing pigs based on the deviation from the expected growth curve and the increment of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin (HP) after applying a common vaccine. A total of 445 pigs were vaccinated with an attenuated Aujeszky vaccine at 12 weeks of age. Deviation from the expected body weight (DBW) given the growth curve of unvaccinated pigs at 28 days post-vaccination (DPV) and the increment of HP at 4 DPV (DHP) were suggested as resilience indicators. Challenged pigs that maintained their productivity and had a minor activation of HP were deemed resilient, whereas pigs that had low DBW values and a high activation of HP were deemed susceptible. Pigs were also classified based on DBW and DHP relative to the expected BW at 28 DPV and to the basal level of HP, respectively. The concordance was high between both methods, indicating that DBW and DHP are not sensitive to the animal's expected BW nor the basal level of HP. The heritability estimates were moderate for DBW (0.33) and low-to-moderate for DHP (0.16). Our study suggests DBW and DHP as novel resilience indicators in pigs. The suggested indicators capture different aspects of resilience, are easy to measure, and are genetically controlled. Thus, they may be improved through selective breeding. Further analyses are needed to validate our findings

From the fringes to the State: the transformation of the Falange into a State Party

The early years of the Francoist regime saw the rise to power of the Falange Española. A fascist and minority party in the times of the Second Republic, the Falange grew rapidly and exponentially after the outbreak of the war, soon seeing itself at the helm of the single party established in April 1937. The Falange was transformed into a conduit between state and society, and the only channel for the participation of the people in the construction and development of the New State until 1945. This transformation, which owed as much to the civil war and Spanish peculiarities, as to the interactions between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, entailed its necessary bureaucratisation but it did not imply its complete de-politicisation. Therefore, this essay contends, the party’s importance to the construction of the regime cannot be dismissed simply as a failed attempt to instate a fascist dictatorship in Spain. Moreover, if, as Glenda Sluga has argued, the Spanish Civil War was one of ‘the most obvious examples of transnational links in the history of interwar fascism and anti-fascism’, it seems necessary to explore the Spanish case within a broader European context, if we want to properly understand the post-liberal departure of the 1930–1940s

FET y de las JONS en el món rural català de la postguerra

L'article analitza el desplegament de FET y de las JONS en el món rural de l'interior de Catalunya durant la postguerra. Des d'una metodologia que prioritza l'estudi arran de terra i el tractament de les fonts documentals provincials i locals, es qüestiona quina va ser la capacitat del partit únic franquista de bastir una estructura política i de penetració social, en les seves pretensions de controlar, enquadrar, socialitzar i mobilitzar la societat. L'article ofereix una realitat del partit que difereix substancialmentdels discursos i retòriques del moment, amb una implantació desigual en el territori, uns recursos humans i materials molt limitats i que només assolí parcialment alguns dels objectius i les funcions que li foren atribuïde