Inhibition of serotonergic signaling induces higher consumption of both sucrose solution and toxic baits in carpenter ants

Biogenic amines play an important role in the regulation of appetitive responses in insects. Among them, serotonin (5-HT) regulates feeding-related processes in numerous insect species. In carpenter ants, 5-HT administration has been shown to depress feeding behavior, thus opening the possibility of using 5-HT modulation in control strategies against those species considered as pest. Here we studied if administration of a 5-HT antagonist, ketanserin, promotes feeding of a sucrose solution and a toxic bait in carpenter ants Camponotus mus. We found that 3 h after a single oral administration of ketanserin, the mass of sucrose solution consumed by carpenter ants increased significantly. A similar effect was found after a chronic administration that lasted 5 days. Yet, ketanserin did neither affect the intake rates nor the activity of the pharyngeal pump that mediates feeding dynamics. In addition, ketanserin promoted the consumption of a toxic bait based on boric acid. Our results thus show that feeding motivation and consumption of both sucrose solution and a toxic bait can be enhanced via prior administration of ketanserin. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these effects and conclude that understanding basic physiological and neural principles that underlie feeding motivation allows establishing more efficient control strategies for pest insects.Fil: Josens, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio del Grupo de Estudio de Insectos Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Giacometti, Alina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio del Grupo de Estudio de Insectos Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Giurfa, Martín. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université Paul Sabatier; Francia. Universite de la Mediterranee. Institut Universitaire de France; Franci

Ecología de forrajeo del macá grande Podicephorus major en la laguna Mar Chiquita (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

We studied the foraging ecology of the great grebe Podicephorus major through diet, prey energy return and foraging behaviour across three increasingly marine sites in the coastal lagoon of Mar Chiquita, Argentina. Grebes were followed by focal observations; we recorded dive duration, number of apparent successful and unsuccessful dives, size and type of captured prey and handling time above water.We analysed foraging effort as capture rate (i.e. number of prey eaten per minute) and capture success (i.e. number of successful dives per total dives made); and foraging efficiency as the number of captured prey per foraging time, the total biomass consumed and the energy intake obtained per time. We expected a piscivorous diet, but the most frequent prey were crabs, represented by Cyrtograpsus angulatus and Neohelice granulate, followed by diverse fish species. Diving time for different prey types and foraging sites did not differ. Handling time was higher for crabs. Foraging effort and foraging efficiency were higher for grebes that preyed on crabs, but in terms of biomass and energy return no differences were found, not even between sites. This suggests an opportunistic foraging behaviour for the great grebe in response to the possible higher availability of crabs in this and possibly other estuaries.Se estudió la ecología de forrajeo del macá grande Podicephorus major a través de la dieta, el rendimiento calórico de las presas y el esfuerzo y eficiencia de forrajeo en una laguna costera del sudeste de Argentina. El comportamiento de forrajeo fue cuantificado utilizando observaciones focales, donde se registró la duración del buceo, número de buceos aparentemente exitosos y no exitosos, tamaño y tipo de presa capturada, y tiempo de manipulación sobre el agua. Se analizó el esfuerzo de forrajeo medido como tasa de captura (número de presas ingeridas por minuto); éxito de captura (número de buceos exitosos sobre el número de buceos totales); eficiencia de forrajeo como el número de presas capturadas por tiempo de forrajeo, la biomasa total consumida y por el retorno energético (tiempo de forrajeo por unidad temporal). Se esperaba una dieta piscívora, pero las presas más frecuentes fueron los cangrejos, representados por Cyrtograpsus angulatus y Neohelice granulata, seguido por diversas especies de peces. El tiempo de buceo para diferentes tipos de presa y los diferentes lugares de forrajeo no varió. El tiempo de manipulación fue mayor para los cangrejos. El esfuerzo y la eficiencia de forrajeo fue mayor para los individuos que se alimentaron de cangrejos, pero en términos de biomasa consumida y retorno energético no hubo diferencias, tampoco para las áreas de forrajeo. Esto sugiere un comportamiento trófico oportunista para el macá grande en respuesta a la posible alta disponibilidad de cangrejos en el área de estudio y posiblemente en otros estuarios.Fil: Josens, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Favero, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Bo, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Effect of field application of Cubitermes (Isoptera,TerMImitidae) mound soil on growth AND and yield of maize in Central African Republic

This work was undertaken at two different sites (A and B) in the field in Central African Republic (4°23 N, 18° W) during a two years-period. The objective of the work is to show the effect of termites (Cubitermes sp.) mounds on the growth and yield of maize. Samples of 250 g (T1) and 1000 g (T2) of mounds materials were applied before maize sowing and plant growth parameters were monitored. Results show that the application of 1 kg of termites mounds (containing, on average, 1.46 - 1.60 g mineralizable N) produced significant maize growth 30 days after sowing. Yield also increased by 45.1 % for a planting density of 31 250 plants ha-1, is a significant difference 0,92 t / ha (p < 0.05) as compared to the control. The effect of the mounds on the growth which became significant after 30 days, suggests that from this period, maize root zone would explored a certain volume of soil. Although the turn-over of Cubitermes mounds was fast, their intensive use industrially would certainly raise the issue of availability.Keywords: Cubitermes, mounds, fertilizer, amendment maize.Agronomie Africaine 24 (3) : 241 - 252 (2012

Calcium imaging in the ant Camponotus fellah reveals a conserved odour-similarity space in insects and mammals

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Olfactory systems create representations of the chemical world in the animal brain. Recordings of odour-evoked activity in the primary olfactory centres of vertebrates and insects have suggested similar rules for odour processing, in particular through spatial organization of chemical information in their functional units, the glomeruli. Similarity between odour representations can be extracted from across-glomerulus patterns in a wide range of species, from insects to vertebrates, but comparison of odour similarity in such diverse taxa has not been addressed. In the present study, we asked how 11 aliphatic odorants previously tested in honeybees and rats are represented in the antennal lobe of the ant <it>Camponotus fellah</it>, a social insect that relies on olfaction for food search and social communication.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using calcium imaging of specifically-stained second-order neurons, we show that these odours induce specific activity patterns in the ant antennal lobe. Using multidimensional analysis, we show that clustering of odours is similar in ants, bees and rats. Moreover, odour similarity is highly correlated in all three species.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This suggests the existence of similar coding rules in the neural olfactory spaces of species among which evolutionary divergence happened hundreds of million years ago.</p

Differences in behavioural traits among native and introduced colonies of an invasive ant

Identifying the factors that promote the success of biological invasions is a key pursuit in ecology. To date, the link between animal personality and invasiveness has rarely been studied. Here, we examined in the laboratory how Argentine ant populations from the species' native and introduced ranges differed in a suite of behaviours related to species interactions and the use of space. We found correlations among specific behavioural traits that defined an explorative-aggressive syndrome. The Main "European" supercolony (introduced range) more readily explored novel environments, displayed more aggression, detected food resources more quickly, and occupied more space than the Catalonian supercolony (introduced range) and two other Argentine supercolonies (native range). The two native supercolonies also differed in their personalities; one harbouring the less invasive personality, while the other is intermediate between the two introduced supercolonies. Therefore, instead of a binary pattern, Argentine ant supercolonies display a behavioural continuum that is independent on their geographic origin (native/introduced ranges). Our results also suggest that variability in personality traits is correlated to differences in the ecological success of Argentine ant colonies. Differences in group personalities may facilitate the persistence and invasion of animals under novel selective pressures by promoting adaptive behaviours. We stress that the concept of animal personality should be taken into account when elucidating the mechanisms of invasiveness

Laboratory and field insights into the dynamics and behavior of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, feeding from hydrogels

BACKGROUND: Hydrogels that have absorbed a liquid containing a toxicant are a novel form of bait-delivery for ant control. Here, we study the abilities of Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) workers to imbibe liquid from hydrogels. We quantified feeding behavior with: (i) hydrogels containing different sucrose concentrations (20, 30, 40 and 50% w/w); (ii) hydrogels versus liquid droplets; and (iii) hydrogel age (air exposure time). We also performed a field assay to assess visits by L. humile and other ant species to hydrogels. RESULTS: Ingested volume and feeding time decreased with increasing sucrose concentrations, but the number and duration of pauses were similar. Feeding from hydrogels was slower than from a liquid droplet and ants imbibed less liquid and fed for shorter times from hydrogels. Feeding time increased with hydrogel age, whereas ingested volume decreased and approached zero after 120 min under laboratory conditions. In the field, ants attended the hydrogels during the full 120-min study period. When L. humile workers found a hydrogel, they monopolized it to the exclusion of other ant species. L. humile occupied and dominated hydrogels predominantly in shaded locations. CONCLUSION: Hydrogels with sucrose concentrations no greater than 30% appear best for liquid uptake by L. humile. Hydrogels not in direct sunlight will have greater attendance by L. humile and, therefore, less attendance by non-target ant species. Shady and humid places may prolong the longevity of hydrogels, which would imply higher intakes.Fil: Cabrera, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Rivas Fontan, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Hoffmann, Benjamin D.. Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; AustraliaFil: Josens, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

“Hormiga Argentina” Linepithema humile

En Argentina existen mas de 600 especies de hormigas y solo una de ellas (Linepithema humile) es la que llamamos "hormiga argentina". Si bien su nombre nos remite a nuestro país, esta hormiga originaria de la cuenca del Paraná (sur de Brasil, noreste de Argentina, este de Paraguay y norte de Uruguay), es considerada invasora en otras regiones de Argentina (como por ejemplo Cuyo y Patagonia).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Pirk, Gabriela Inés. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. INIBIOMA. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Hormigas; ArgentinaFil: Werenkraut, Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Laboratorio ECOTONO; ArgentinaFil: Lescano, María Natalia. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. INIBIOMA. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Hormigas; ArgentinaFil: Elizalde, Luciana. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. INIBIOMA. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Hormigas; ArgentinaFil: Josens, Roxana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Visual and olfactory associative learning in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Memory and learning are critical aspects of the ecology of insect vectors of human pathogens because of their potential effects on contacts between vectors and their hosts. Despite this epidemiological importance, there have been only a limited number of studies investigating associative learning in insect vector species and none on Anopheline mosquitoes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A simple behavioural assays was developed to study visual and olfactory associative learning in <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>, the main vector of malaria in Africa. Two contrasted membrane qualities or levels of blood palatability were used as reinforcing stimuli for bi-directional conditioning during blood feeding.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Under such experimental conditions <it>An. gambiae </it>females learned very rapidly to associate visual (chequered and white patterns) and olfactory cues (presence and absence of cheese or Citronella smell) with the reinforcing stimuli (bloodmeal quality) and remembered the association for up to three days. Associative learning significantly increased with the strength of the conditioning stimuli used. Importantly, learning sometimes occurred faster when a positive reinforcing stimulus (palatable blood) was associated with an innately preferred cue (such as a darker visual pattern). However, the use of too attractive a cue (e.g. Shropshire cheese smell) was counter-productive and decreased learning success.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results address an important knowledge gap in mosquito ecology and emphasize the role of associative memory for <it>An. gambiae</it>'s host finding and blood-feeding behaviour with important potential implications for vector control.</p

A glimpse at Ethology in Latin America

The state of the art of Ethology in five Latin America countries is briefly presented here. The overall outlook regarding research laboratories and themes is promising: the community is numerous, active and there are topics addressing all aspects of animal behavior, especially in large countries like Brazil and Argentina. Ethology as an undergraduate discipline is generally a subcategory of Biology, being taught mainly at Zoology/ Psychology/ Ecology/ Agriculture Courses and at Medical Veterinary Schools, often as an eligible discipline. Ethology as a formal major Graduate Program is rare and mainly restricted to Brazil.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Knowing the enemy: ant behavior and control in a pediatric hospital of Buenos Aires

Ant control is difficult in systems even where a variety of control strategies and compounds are allowed; in sensitive places such as hospitals, where there are often restrictions on the methods and toxicants to be applied, the challenge is even greater. Here we report the methods and results of how we faced this challenge of controlling ants in a pediatric hospital using baits. Our strategy was based on identifying the species present and analyzing their behavior. On the one hand, we evaluated outdoors in the green areas of the hospital, the relative abundance of ant genera, their food preferences and the behavioral dominances. On the other hand, control treatments were performed using separately two boron compounds added to sucrose solution which was not highly concentrated to avoid constrains due to the viscosity. Most of the species in the food preference test accepted sugary food; only one species was recorded to visit it less than the protein foods. This result was consistent with the efficacy of control treatments by sugary baits within the rooms. For species that showed good acceptance of sugar solutions in the preference test outdoors, sugar bait control indoors was 100& effective. Conversely, for the only species that foraged significantly less on sugar food, the bait treatment was ineffective. This work reveals the importance of considering the behavior and feeding preferences of the species to be controlled by toxic baits.Fil: Josens, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Francisco Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Marchisio, Nahuel Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Di Renzo, María Agostina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio del Grupo de Estudio de Insectos Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Giacometti, Alina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin