Don Sebastián vivo y muerto: Historia y catarsis en los romances sobre Alcazarquivir

The corpus of ballads on Ksar-el-Kebir is relatively small, considering the wide impact the battle had in other ways. Only ten extant, printed and manuscript. They show all the nuances and even the thematic evolution that characterize the numerous prose accounts of the events, following the political needs as they changed. Most of them are from 1592-1595, after the long silence that followed the battle, when it was not politically acceptable to discuss problematic issues, such as the reasons for the debacle, the courage of the participants, the alleged survival of the king. Neither he or his nobility could be criticized, as Phillip II needed them to administer his new kingdom. Once his power consolidated, the Flores started to print ballads that touch all these questions, albeit without clearly answering any of them. The death of the king is never pronounced, but suggested in many ways, and his memory saved as that of a courageous yet imprudent young warrior. By the turn of the century, after a succession of Sebastian impostors and the growth of Sebastianism as a support system for nationalistic resistance, chronicles and balladry produce the death of the king and even his corpse.El corpus de romances sobre Alcazarquivir es relativamente reducido, teniendo en cuenta la amplia repercusión de la batalla en otros medios. Son apenas diez, entre impresos y manuscritos. Sin embargo contienen todos los matices y hasta evolución temática que podemos observar en las numerosas crónicas y relaciones en prosa, impulsada por las necesidades políticas de cada momento. La mayor parte se concentra en el periodo 1592-1595, tras la larga década de silencio que sigue a la batalla, cuando no era políticamente aceptable extenderse sobre los aspectos conflictivos del tema: los motivos del desastre, el valor de los participantes, la supervivencia del rey, que no podía ser censurado. Tampoco sus nobles, a quienes Felipe II necesitaba para gobernar su nuevo reino. Una vez consolidado su poder, las Flores empiezan a imprimir romances que, sin responder de forma clara a ninguna de estas preguntas, las tocan todas, insinúan sin afirmar la muerte de D. Sebastián y salvan su recuerdo como joven valeroso aunque imprudente, con matices dependientes del medio en que se conservan. Solo cuando en torno al cambio de siglo se suceden los falsos sebastianes y crece el sebastianismo como sistema de resistencia nacionalista, aparecen con todas las letras la muerte y el cadáver del rey

La publicación de La Florida del Inca. Garcilaso en sus muchos nombres

This article explores the treatment the Inca gives to the many names of his relatives, protectors and potential patrons in four paratexts to La Florida: Relación de la descendencia..., his hitherto unknown Epítome del descubrimiento..., the dedicacy to the duke of Bragança and chapter II.vi, containing the conquistadors presentation. From this perspective we can identify the count of Feria as the main relative whose refusal to help Garcilaso partly determined his name change; the Relación and the Epítome are seen as having a unity of purpose. The publication of two of the Inca’s works in Lisbon responds to very specific political interests of the house of Bragança: glorifying the role of Portuguese conquistadors in Florida as a way to showcase the importance of Portugal in the Hispanic Monarchy.Estudio, desde la perspectiva del sistema de protección familiar y la necesidad de patronazgo, del tratamiento que el Inca da a los nombres de otros (parientes, allegados, posibles mecenas) en los paratextos de La Florida: la Relación de la descendencia..., su hasta ahora desconocido Epítome del descubrimiento..., su dedicatoria al duque de Braganza y el capítulo II.vi, donde se presenta a los conquistadores. El conde de Feria es identificado como su principal pariente homónimo, cuya falta de protección determina en parte su cambio de nombre; se estudia el sentido unísono de la Relación y del Epítome, así como la publicación de sus obras en Lisboa, respondiendo a móviles políticos de la casa de Braganza: glorificar el papel de los conquistadores portugueses en Florida como modo de destacar la importancia de Portugal en la Monarquía Hispánica

Don Sebastián vivo y muerto

El corpus de romances sobre Alcazarquivir es relativamente reducido, teniendo en cuenta la amplia repercusión de la batalla en otros medios. Son apenas diez, entre impresos y manuscritos. Sin embargo contienen todos los matices y hasta evolución temática que podemos observar en las numerosas crónicas y relaciones en prosa, impulsada por las necesidades políticas de cada momento. La mayor parte se concentra en el periodo 1592-1595, tras la larga década de silencio que sigue a la batalla, cuando no era políticamente aceptable extenderse sobre los aspectos conflictivos del tema: los motivos del desastre, el valor de los participantes, la supervivencia del rey, que no podía ser censurado. Tampoco sus nobles, a quienes Felipe II necesitaba para gobernar su nuevo reino. Una vez consolidado su poder, las Flores empiezan a imprimir romances que, sin responder de forma clara a ninguna de estas preguntas, las tocan todas, insinúan sin afirmar la muerte de D. Sebastián y salvan su recuerdo como joven valeroso aunque imprudente, con matices dependientes del medio en que se conservan. Solo cuando en torno al cambio de siglo se suceden los falsos sebastianes y crece el sebastianismo como sistema de resistencia nacionalista, aparecen con todas las letras la muerte y el cadáver del rey

Los secretos a voces del rey Don Sebastián

La disparidad de componentes de la Miscelânea de Foios (c. 1577) tiene un elemento aglutinador en la denuncia del desgobierno de D. Sebastián y la amenaza que para Portugal representa Felipe II. La yuxtaposición de estos elementos preexistentes crea entre ellos se-cuencias con significados nuevos. El aparente caos se revela así lleno de secretos y de claves para descubrirlos. Ambas coronas son atacadas también en la alusión a temas nefandos: aquello de lo que no se puede hablar. Entreleemos así referencias acalladas a la acusación de parricidio que ya pesaba sobre Felipe II por la muerte de D. Carlos; a la homosexualidad de D. Sebastián, borrosamente inscrita en el fondo de un complejo y falso horóscopo, así como en oblicuas alusiones a la relación del rey con su confesor. Tampoco falta la melancolía suicida del rey, que aquí se revela y oculta en alusiones lo bastante inteligibles como para que algún texto fuera posteriormente, y con vehemencia, tachado.The many, disparate components of the Miscelânea de Foios (c. 1577) find a common aim in denouncing King Sebastian’s government and the threat that Phillip II of Spain posed to Portugal. The juxtaposition of these preexisting elements creates brief sequences with new meanings, so that what at first sight seems to be a chaotic mix reveals itself to be a chest full of secrets and keys to unveil them. Both crowns are attacked by way of allusions to their nefarious secrets, those that cannot be spoken about: hushed references to accusations of parricide against Phillip II, allusions to king Sebastian’s homosexuality, hidden at the bottom of a fake horoscope and behind complex mythological comparisons. Also present is the young king’s melancholic, suicidal character, an allusion to which was picked up by one reader who vehemently tried to erase it

The donor star of the X-ray pulsar X1908+075

High-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) consist of a massive donor star and a compact object. While several of those systems have been well studied in X-rays, little is known for most of the donor stars as they are often heavily obscured in the optical and ultraviolet regime. There is an opportunity to observe them at infrared wavelengths, however. The goal of this study is to obtain the stellar and wind parameters of the donor star in the X1908+075 high-mass X-ray binary system with a stellar atmosphere model to check whether previous studies from X-ray observations and spectral morphology lead to a sufficient description of the donor star. We obtained H- and K-Band spectra of X1908+075 and analysed them with the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. For the first time, we calculated a stellar atmosphere model for the donor star, whose main parameters are: $M_{\mathrm{spec}}$ = $15 \pm 6$$M_{\odot}$, $T_{\ast} = 23_{-3}^{+6},$kK, $\log g_\mathrm{eff} = 3.0 \pm 0.2$ and $\log L/L_{\odot}$ = $4.81 \pm 0.25$. The obtained parameters point towards an early B-type (B0--B3) star, probably in a supergiant phase. Moreover we determined a more accurate distance to the system of 4.85 $\pm$ 0.50 kpc than the previously reported value.Comment: Accepted for publication in Section 7. Stellar structure and evolution of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The official date of acceptance is 21/04/201

The accretion environment in Vela X-1 during a flaring period using XMM-Newton

We present analysis of 100 ks contiguous XMM-Newton data of the prototypical wind accretor Vela X-1. The observation covered eclipse egress between orbital phases 0.134 and 0.265, during which a giant flare took place, enabling us to study the spectral properties both outside and during the flare. This giant flare with a peak luminosity of $3.92^{+0.42}_{-0.09} \times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ allows estimates of the physical parameters of the accreted structure with a mass of $\sim$ $10^{21}$ g. We have been able to model several contributions to the observed spectrum with a phenomenological model formed by three absorbed power laws plus three emission lines. After analysing the variations with orbital phase of the column density of each component, as well as those in the Fe and Ni fluorescence lines, we provide a physical interpretation for each spectral component. Meanwhile, the first two components are two aspects of the principal accretion component from the surface of the neutron star, and the third component seems to be the \textit{X-ray light echo} formed in the stellar wind of the companion.Comment: Accepted. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 201

GC gene polymorphism and unbound serum retinol-binding protein 4 are related to the risk of insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis c: A prospective cross-sectional study

Insulin resistance (IR) is found in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) more frequently than in other chronic liver diseases. Prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate a wide multitest panel to identify factors related with IR in CHC and their possible interactions. In 76 patients with CHC we performed a series of routine laboratory analysis as well as specifically designed serum biochemical tests [retinol, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), 25-OH vitamin D, Vitamin E, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cystatin C]. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7041 and rs4588 GC-DBP (group-specific component-Vitamin D-binding protein), rs738409 PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3), and rs12979860 IL28B (interleukin-28 B) genes were determined. Insulin sensitivity was established with the HOMA-IR and IR was diagnosed when HOMA-IR>3. Fibrosis staging was assessed with liver biopsy or transient elastography. After backward logistic regression analysis, independent variables associated with IR were Gc1s/Gc1s DBP phenotype, that results from the homozygous carriage of the rs7041G/rs4588Chaplotype (P¼0.033); low retinol/RBP4 ratio, reflecting a greater rate of unboundRBP4 (P¼0.005); older age (P¼0.01); high serum tryglicerides (P¼0.026); and advanced (F3–F4) fibrosis stage. The AUROC provided by the multivariate model was 0.950 (95% CI¼0.906–0.993). In addition to previously known ones, the Gc1s/Gc1s phenotype variant of DBP and the unbound fraction of plasma RBP4 may be considered as factors related with the incidence, and possibly the risk, of IR in CHC patients.• Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigación Sanitari: Ayudas PI12/00241 y PI12/00324 • Junta de Extremadura: Ayuda GR15026 • Fondos FEDERpeerReviewe

The contribution of fenfluramine to the treatment of Dravet syndrome in Spain through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Introduction: Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a severe, developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) that begins in infancy and is characterized by pharmaco-resistant epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay. Despite available antiseizure medications (ASMs), there is a need for new therapeutic options with greater efficacy in reducing seizure frequency and with adequate safety and tolerability profiles.Fenfluramine is a new ASM for the treatment of seizures associated with DS as add-on therapy to other ASMs for patients aged 2 years and older. Fenfluramine decreases seizure frequency, prolongs periods of seizure freedom potentially helping to reduce risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) and improves patient cognitive abilities positively impacting on patients' Quality of Life (QoL).Reflective Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology allows to determine what represents value in a given indication considering all relevant criteria for healthcare decision-making in a transparent and systematic manner from the perspective of relevant stakeholders. The aim of this study was to determine the relative value contribution of fenfluramine for the treatment of DS in Spain using MCDA.Method: A literature review was performed to populate an adapted a MCDA framework for orphan-drug evaluation in Spain. A panel of ten Spanish experts, including neurologists, hospital pharmacists, patient representatives and decision-makers, scored four comparative evidence matrices.Results were analyzed and discussed in a group meeting through reflective MCDA discussion methodology. Results: Dravet syndrome is considered a severe, rare disease with significant unmet needs. Fenfluramine is perceived to have a higher efficacy profile than all available alternatives, with a better safety profile than stiripentol and topiramate and to provide improved QoL versus studied alternatives. Fenfluramine results in lower other medical costs in comparison with stiripentol and clobazam. Participants perceived that fenfluramine could lead to indirect costs savings compared to available alternatives due to its efficacy in controlling seizures. Overall, fenfluramine's therapeutic impact on patients with DS is considered high and supported by high-quality evidence.Conclusions: Based on reflective MCDA, fenfluramine is considered to add greater benefit in terms of effi-cacy, safety and QoL when compared with available ASMs.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc

Glucose Restriction Promotes Osteocyte Specification by Activating a PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Program.

Osteocytes, the most abundant of bone cells, differentiate while they remain buried within the bonematrix. This encasement limits their access to nutrients and likely affects their differentiation, a pro-cess that remains poorly defined. Here, we show that restriction in glucose supply promotes the oste-ocyte transcriptional program while also being associated with increased mitochondrial DNA levels.Glucose deprivation triggered the activation of the AMPK/PGC-1 pathway. AMPK and SIRT1 activa-tors or PGC-1aoverexpression are sufficient to enhance osteocyte gene expression in IDG-SW3 cells,murine primary osteoblasts, osteocytes, and organotypic/ex vivobone cultures. Conversely, osteo-blasts and osteocytes deficient inPpargc1aandbwere refractory to the effects of glucose restriction.Finally, conditional ablation of both genes in osteoblasts and osteocytes generate osteopenia andreduce osteocytic gene expression in mice. Altogether, we uncovered a role for PGC-1 in the regula-tion of osteocyte gene expression

La consolidación europea de Ceuta Melilla y los otros territorios españoles en el Norte de África

Ceuta, Melilla y los territorios españoles en la costa norteafricana tienen ciertas peculiaridades en Derecho Europeo. Son, desde luego, parte integrante del Reino de España, miembro de la UE. Pero las Ciudades cuentan con algunas especificidades que se establecieron en el Acta de Adhesión de España de 1985 a las entonces Comunidades Europeas. La principal va referida a la no integración en la Unión Aduanera. Y es de destacar que posteriormente, en 1991, en el momento de la Adhesión al Convenio de Aplicación de Schengen de 1990, España realizó unas Declaraciones relativas a las Ciudades de Ceuta y Melilla en el Acta final, especificando que la integración en Schengen conllevaba una excepción para las Ciudades, en la medida en que se instauraba un doble control de frontera exterior