New isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis effective against the fall armyworm

Com o objetivo de encontrar princípios ativos que possam ser usados no controle da lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), foram testados 205 isolados de Bacillus, provenientes de diferentes regiões brasileiras, contra larvas deste inseto. Apenas um isolado de B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, denominado S93, causou 100% de mortalidade. A CL50 da mistura esporos-cristais do isolado S93 para larvas de 3o estádio de S. frugiperda foi de 37,0 ng/mL, enquanto a da estirpe HD-1 de B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki isolada do produto Dipel foi de 177,73 mg/mL, demonstrando ser o novo isolado muito mais tóxico contra a lagarta-do-cartucho do que HD-1-Dipel.Aiming to identify active ingredients that can be used to control the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), 205 isolates of Bacillus from samples of different Brazilian regions were assayed against this insect. Only one isolate of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, designed S93, caused 100% mortality. The LC50 of spores-crystals mixture of S93 against 3th instar larvae of S. frugiperda was 37.0 ng/mL, while the LC50 for the strain HD-1 of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, isolated from the product Dipel, was 177.73 mg/mL, showing that this new isolate is much more active against the fall armyworm than the HD-1-Dipel

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Production of eggs of Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): effect of color of the substract and photoperiod

No período de outubro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998 avaliaram-se o efeito da cor do substrato de postura e o fotoperíodo na produção de ovos de Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em laboratório. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos nos laboratórios da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em que o recipiente de postura foi montado utilizando-se o fundo de um copo plástico (50 ml) medindo cerca de 0,5cm de altura. Nesse recipiente, colocaram-se vermiculita, papel-filtro e gaze, sendo estes dois últimos cortados de acordo com o diâmetro do fundo do copo. Quando utilizados, esses recipientes foram umedecidos com água destilada. No experimento de cores foram branca, ou na cor marrom, esta última com o intuito de simular a coloração de solo. Os recipientes foram colocados eqüidistantes uns dos outros, dentro de uma placa de 15 cm ( ). No experimento de fotoperíodo foi utilizada apenas a gaze tingida de preto. Os fotoperíodos usados foram 08:16, 12:12, 16:08, 20:04 e 24:00 horas (Luz: Escuro). Utilizaram-se 100 e 46 casais nos experimentos de cores e fotoperíodo respectivamente. Concluiu-se que as gazes preta, marrom e verde foram as que continham maior quantidade média de ovos e posturas e também as que mais refletiram comprimentos de ondas na faixa do ultravioleta. O fotoperíodo mais adequado para obtenção de ovos foi o de 19:05 horas (Luz: Escuro).During the period of from October of 1997 to January of 1998 the effect of color of the substrate and photoperiod on the amount of eggs laid was studied in the production of eggs of Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in laboratory. The research took place in the laboratories of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, were were developed two experiments. For both experiments the recipient of eggs laid was the bottom of a plastic cup (50 ml) measuring about 0,5 cm of height and adapted of SILVIA-WERNECK et. al. (1995). Inside this recipient, it was placed vermiculita, filter paper and gauze, the last two cutted, according to the diameter of the bottom of the plastic cup. When used, those recipients were humidified with distilled water. For the experiment of colors were used ("Guarany") in the following colours: black, green, red, yellow, white and brown, in order to simulate the color of the soil. The recipients were placed together equidistants on a Petri dish 15 cm ( ). For the experiment of photoperiod was used only the black gauze. For this experiment were used the periods of 08:16, 12:12, 16:08, 20:04 and 24:00 hours (Light: Darkness). Were used 100 and 46 couples for the colors and photoperiod experiment, respectively. It is a possible to say that the black, brown and green gauzes were the ones with the highest average of eggs laid. The gauzes were that most reflected wavelengths between the ultraviolet wave. The best photoperiod for obtainment of eggs was that of 19:05 hours (Light: Darkness).Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorNão foi localizado o CPF do autor. Foi submetido apenas o resumo desta dissertação por não ter encontrado o arquivo completo