An evaluation of the Macarena Integral Consolidation Plan (PCIM)

This paper presents a description of the new strategy for the fight against drugs implemented in Colombia since the year 2007. The Strategic Leap Forward, as the Colombian government has called the program, or the Strategic Development Initiative, as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) calls it, is a step forward in the design of anti-drug policies that are more sustainable and effective in the mid-term. Currently, a pilot project is being implemented in the Macarena region, in the department of Meta (southeast of Bogotá), where coca crops and illicit activities were the norm just a few years ago. The Colombian State, partially financed by the United States governments and European countries, consolidates its presence in this region with the different instances and programs of the state apparatus to recover territorial control and combat the production of illicit drugs. But even more important is that this new approach in the fight against illegal drugs is based on a regional economic development plan, to avoid that peasants become involved in the first stages of cocaine production and trafficking process. The adequate functioning of this strategy can be a reference point to other countries that face similar problems of illicit drug production and conflict associated with these activities.Macarena, Consolidation Plan, Colombia, Anti-drug policies

Percepción de profesores de primero básico sobre la efectividad del libro corporativo en la enseñanza de la lectura y escritura inicial

Tesis (Magíster en Lenguaje y Comunicación)Este artículo tiene como propósito evaluar la percepción del profesorado de primer año básico, de dependencia municipal de la comuna de Las Condes, sobre la efectividad del libro corporativo “Con Las Condes aprendo a leer” el cual es utilizado para la enseñanza de la lectura y escritura inicial. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo, la técnica de muestreo a utilizar será a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas a cinco profesores de la comuna que se desempeñan en primer año básico. Los resultados de la investigación serán llevados a la Corporación de educación de Las Condes con el propósito de que se tome conocimiento de la percepción de los docentes con respecto al libro y este artículo sea un aporte para dicha entidad y su labor educativa.This article aims at evaluating the perception of teachers of first grade at Public Municipal Schools of district of Las Condes, about the effectiveness of the corporate book for teaching literacy titled: "With Las Condes I learn how read." This is a qualitative research with descriptive approach, throughout semi-structured interviews to five teachers in the district. The results of the research will be handed over to the educational corporation of Las Condes with the purposes of they understand the perception of teachers about that textbook and this article be a contribution to that entity and its educational work

Mejora en la experiencia de aprendizaje del alumnado del Grado en Ingeniería de diseño industrial y desarrollo del producto

En el presente documento se quieren reflejar una serie de experiencias relacionadas con la docencia de la asignatura Ingeniería de la Usabilidad y la Accesibilidad (ENUA), que se imparte en el último curso de los estudios del Grado en Ingeniería de Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo del Producto en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería de Vilanova i la Geltrú (EPSEVG) de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC). Con la clara idea de contribuir al proceso de mejora del aprendizaje y, actualizando los contenidos de apoyo al estudio, mediante actividades dirigidas académicas y también complementarias, se propone aunar el método y el conocimiento que se genera en clase y el conocimiento del ámbito profesional que se actualiza prácticamente a diario. El objetivo es disponer de un enfoque práctico en asignaturas metodológicas: tener una base proyectual, ayuda a aumentar el grado de curiosidad, fomenta la creatividad, la calidad del diseño y la innovación aportada por el alumnado en sus proyectos. Con esta manera de trabajar, sin condicionar en exceso las propuestas de los alumnos (formador = facilitador), se potencia tanto el interés académico de las actividades propuestas, como los intereses de los estudiantes en relación a su futura trayectoria profesional. A partir de las respuestas que arrojan las encuestas que remite la Universidad a los alumnos durante el transcurso de cada asignatura cursada, las cuales se responden de forma anónima e individual, se quiere disponer de indicadores que muestren el grado de interés y satisfacción del alumnado. Tras la valoración por parte del profesor de los resultados obtenidos tras su primera participación docente en la asignatura, se concluye que los resultados son ampliamente mejorables, por lo que se propone el cambio de metodología expuesto anteriormente. Los resultados a partir de entonces muestran una mejoría que se consigue mantener en el tiempo, aunque con pequeñas oscilaciones. Dicha mejoría resulta ser una primera etapa positiva, en lo que se refiere al proceso de mejora de la experiencia del aprendizaje por parte del alumnado del Grado en Ingeniería de Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo del Producto.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

On the convexity of Relativistic Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics

We analyze the influence of the magnetic field in the convexity properties of the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics system of equations. To this purpose we use the approach of Lax, based on the analysis of the linearly degenerate/genuinely non-linear nature of the characteristic fields. Degenerate and non-degenerate states are discussed separately and the non-relativistic, unmagnetized limits are properly recovered. The characteristic fields corresponding to the material and Alfv\'en waves are linearly degenerate and, then, not affected by the convexity issue. The analysis of the characteristic fields associated with the magnetosonic waves reveals, however, a dependence of the convexity condition on the magnetic field. The result is expressed in the form of a generalized fundamental derivative written as the sum of two terms. The first one is the generalized fundamental derivative in the case of purely hydrodynamical (relativistic) flow. The second one contains the effects of the magnetic field. The analysis of this term shows that it is always positive leading to the remarkable result that the presence of a magnetic field in the fluid reduces the domain of thermodynamical states for which the EOS is non-convex.Comment: 14 pages. Submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravit

Maximal slicings in spherical symmetry: local existence and construction

We show that any spherically symmetric spacetime locally admits a maximal spacelike slicing and we give a procedure allowing its construction. The construction procedure that we have designed is based on purely geometrical arguments and, in practice, leads to solve a decoupled system of first order quasi-linear partial differential equations. We have explicitly built up maximal foliations in Minkowski and Friedmann spacetimes. Our approach admits further generalizations and efficient computational implementation. As by product, we suggest some applications of our work in the task of calibrating Numerical Relativity complex codes, usually written in Cartesian coordinates.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure

A robust numerical framework for the analysis of material failure of fibre reinforced soft tissue

In this work, robustness and stability of continuum damage models applied to material failure in soft tissues are addressed. In the implicit damage models equipped with softening, the presence of negative eigenvalues in the tangent elemental matrix degrades the condition number of the global matrix, leading to a reduction of the computational performance of the numerical model. Two strategies have been adapted from literature to improve the aforementioned computational performance degradation: the IMPL-EX integration scheme [Oliver,2006], which renders the elemental matrix contribution definite positive, and arclength-type continuation methods [Carrera,1994], which allow to capture the unstable softening branch in brittle ruptures. The IMPL-EX integration scheme has as a major drawback the need to use small time steps to keep numerical error below an acceptable value. A convergence study, limiting the maximum allowed increment of internal variables in the damage model, is presented. Finally, numerical simulation of failure problems with fibre reinforced materials illustrates the performance of the adopted methodology

Radio Emission from 3D Relativistic Hydrodynamic Jets: Observational Evidence of Jet Stratification

We present the first radio emission simulations from high resolution three dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic jets, which allow for a study of the observational implications of the interaction between the jet and external medium. This interaction gives rise to a stratification of the jet where a fast spine is surrounded by a slow high energy shear layer. The stratification, and in particular the large specific internal energy and slow flow in the shear layer largely determines the emission from the jet. If the magnetic field in the shear layer becomes helical (e.g., resulting from an initial toroidal field and an aligned field component generated by shear) the emission shows a cross section asymmetry, in which either the top or the bottom of the jet dominates the emission. This, as well as limb or spine brightening, is a function of the viewing angle and flow velocity, and the top/bottom jet emission predominance can be reversed if the jet changes direction with respect to the observer, or presents a change in velocity. The asymmetry is more prominent in the polarized flux, because of field cancellation (or amplification) along the line of sight. Recent observations of jet cross section emission asymmetries in the blazar 1055+018 can be explained assuming the existence of a shear layer with a helical magnetic field.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 latex style file, ApJL accepte

Analysis of the evolution of the Spanish labour market through unsupervised learning

Unemployment in Spain is one of the biggest concerns of its inhabitants. Its unemployment rate is the second highest in the European Union, and in the second quarter of 2018 there is a 15.2% unemployment rate, some 3.4 million unemployed. Construction is one of the activity sectors that have suffered the most from the economic crisis. In addition, the economic crisis affected in different ways to the labour market in terms of occupation level or location. The aim of this paper is to discover how the labour market is organised taking into account the jobs that workers get during two periods: 2011-2013, which corresponds to the economic crisis period, and 2014-2016, which was a period of economic recovery. The data used are official records of the Spanish administration corresponding to 1.9 and 2.4 million job placements, respectively. The labour market was analysed by applying unsupervised machine learning techniques to obtain a clear and structured information on the employment generation process and the underlying labour mobility. We have applied two clustering methods with two different technologies, and the results indicate that there were some movements in the Spanish labour market which have changed the physiognomy of some of the jobs. The analysis reveals the changes in the labour market: the crisis forces greater geographical mobility and favours the subsequent emergence of new job sources. Nevertheless, there still exist some clusters that remain stable despite the crisis. We may conclude that we have achieved a characterisation of some important groups of workers in Spain. The methodology used, being supported by Big Data techniques, would serve to analyse any alternative job market.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-R y TIN2017-88209-C2-2-R, CO2017-8678

Planning the contents of training in early age basketball teams

El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer cómo es el proceso de entrenamiento de baloncesto en categorías de iniciación. De forma específica cómo se planifican los contenidos de este deporte a lo largo de una temporada deportiva. Para ello se analizaron las tareas de entrenamiento planificadas por un entrenador que realiza su labor en un equipo de iniciación al baloncesto. Se examinaron 846 tareas de entrenamiento correspondientes a dos temporadas. Todas las sesiones de entrenamiento se introdujeron en el programa PYC-Basket, para cuantificar el entrenamiento. Las variables del estudio fueron los contenidos de entrenamiento y medios de entrenamiento. Se realizó un primer análisis descriptivo de los datos para conocer cómo es el proceso de planificación. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis inferencial para estudiar la relación entre las dos variables y profundizar en la forma en que se plantea el desarrollo de cada contenido. La planificación y registro de los elementos que definen la situación de entrenamiento permitió el control de la programación de los contenidos de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran un predominio de los contenidos técnicos, en concreto de los gestos individuales de ataque. Igualmente los contenidos evolucionan en su tratamiento durante las temporadas analizadas. Los gestos técnico-tácticos individuales se incrementan a lo largo de la temporada. Las conductas táctico-técnicas individuales se van reduciendo conforme se incrementan las conductas táctico-técnicas grupales y colectivas. En las tareas planificadas se combina la utilización de medios como los ejercicios y los juegos para el entrenamiento de cada tipo de contenido. Se emplean los ejercicios para desarrollar la técnica y los juegos para la táctica.The aim of this study was to determine how basketball process training was in initation stage. Specifically how to plan the contents of this sport over a season. For that, training activities planned by a coach who performed their work in a initation team were analyzed. 846 training activities for two seasons were studied. All training sessions were introduced in the PYC-Basket program to quantify the training. The study variables were the contents of training and media training. An initial descriptive analysis of the data to understand how the planning process was carried out. Subsequently, an inferential analysis was performed to study the relationship between two variables and examine the way it presents the development of each content. The planning and recording of the elements that define the coaching situation allowed the control of the programming content of training. The results show a predominance of technical contents, particularly of the individual gestures of attack. Contents also evolve in their treatment during the analyzed seasons. The individual technical and tactical gestures increase over the season. The individual technical and tactical behaviors were reduced with increasing tactical behaviors and collective group techniques. In the planned tasks, the use of means such as exercises and training games for each type of content were combined. Exercises were used to develop the technique and tactics games.peerReviewe