"Acalypha carrascoana" Cardiel ("Euphorbiaceae") novedad para la flora de México

Acalypha carrascoana Cardiel, only known from Colombia and Venezuela, is reported in Mexico, thus presenting a disjunct distribution. Comments on the systematic of related species of Acalypha section Sclerolobae Müll. Arg. are included. An identification key to the species of this section is also provided.Acalypha carrascoana Cardiel, conocida solo de Colombia y Venezuela, se cita por primera vez para México, presentando así una distribución disyunta. Se aportan comentarios sistemáticos sobre las especies afines de Acalypha sección Sclerolobae Müll.Arg. y se incluye también una clave de identificación de las especies de esta sección

Una nueva especie de pera (euphorbiaceae) de colombia

Se describe una nueva especie del género Pera Mutis, Pera colombiana, basada en material colombiano y en láminas inéditas de la Flora de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reyno de Granada (1783-1816). Se incluye una reseña sobre el género Pera en Colombia, y se comentan los manuscritos de la Expedición Botánica que aluden a este género y a la nueva especie.A new species of the genus Pera Mutis is described, Pera colombiana, based on Colombian material and on unpublished plates of the Flora de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reyno de Granada (1783-1816). A summary about the genus Pera in Colombia is included, and the manuscripts of the Botanical Expedition which refer to this genus and the new species are commented on

Sinopsis de Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) de Perú y Bolivia, con la descripción de una nueva especie

A critical review of the Peruvian and Bolivian species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) is presented. As a result 41 species (42 taxa) are accepted, 31 from Peru and 28 from Bolivia, and 94 names are considered synonyms. A new species is described and illustrated, A. psamofila, based on Bolivian material. Comprehensive nomenclatural information is supplied and 36 lectotypes and one neotype are designated. An identification key is also provided, as well as original illustrations of six species and distribution maps of all the accepted species.Se presenta una revisión crítica de las especies de Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) presentes en Bolivia y Perú. Como resultado se reconocen 41 especies (42 táxones), 31 para Perú y 28 para Bolivia, y 94 nombres son considerados sinónimos. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie, A. psamofila, basada en material boliviano. Se aporta una exhaustiva información nomenclatural y se designan 36 lectótipos y un neótipo. Se incluye también una clave de identificación, así como ilustraciones originales de seis especies y mapas de distribución de todas las especies aceptadas

Synopsis of <em>Acalypha</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae) of Peru and Bolivia, with description of a new species

A critical review of the Peruvian and Bolivian species of <em>Acalypha L.</em> (Euphorbiaceae) is presented. As a result 41 species (42 taxa) are accepted, 31 from Peru and 28 from Bolivia, and 94 names are considered synonyms. A new species is described and illustrated, <em>A. psamofila</em>, based on Bolivian material. Comprehensive nomenclatural information is supplied and 36 lectotypes and one neotype are designated. An identification key is also provided, as well as original illustrations of six species and distribution maps of all the accepted species.<br><br>Se presenta una revisión crítica de las especies de <em>Acalypha</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae) presentes en Bolivia y Perú. Como resultado se reconocen 41 especies (42 táxones), 31 para Perú y 28 para Bolivia, y 94 nombres son considerados sinónimos. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie, <em>A. psamofila</em>, basada en material boliviano. Se aporta una exhaustiva información nomenclatural y se designan 36 lectótipos y un neótipo. Se incluye también una clave de identificación, así como ilustraciones originales de seis especies y mapas de distribución de todas las especies aceptadas

Hereditary primary lateral sclerosis and progressive nonfluent aphasia

Objective: to report a kindred with an association between hereditary primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and progressive nonfluent aphasia. Patients and methods: six members from a kindred with 15 affected individuals spanning three generations, suffered from spasticity without muscle atrophy or fasciculation, starting in the lower limbs and spreading to the upper limbs and bulbar musculature, followed by effortful speech, nonfluent language and dementia, in 5 deceased members. Disease onset was during the sixth decade of life, or later. Cerebellar ataxia was the inaugural manifestation in two patients, and parkinsonism, in another. Results: neuropathological examination in two patients demonstrated degeneration of lateral corticospinal tracts in the spinal cord, without loss of spinal, brainstem, or cerebral motor neurons. Greater loss of corticospinal fibers at sacral and lumbar, rather than at cervical or medullary levels was demonstrated, supporting a central axonal dying-back pathogenic mechanism. Marked reduction of myelin and nerve fibers in the frontal lobes was also present. Argyrophilic grain disease and primary age-related tauopathy were found in one case each, and considered incidental findings. Genetic testing, including exome sequencing aimed at PLS, ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and frontotemporal lobe dementia, triplet-repeated primed polymerase chain reaction aimed at dominant spinocerebellar ataxias, and massive sequencing of the human genome, yielded negative results. Conclusion: a central distal axonopathy affecting the corticospinal tract, exerted a pathogenic role in the dominantly inherited PLS-progressive nonfluent aphasia association, described herein. Further molecular studies are needed to identify the causative mutation in this disease

Catalogue and red list of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) from South America

A checklist with preliminary conservation assessments of native South American species of Acalypha is presented. This work is supported by the study of ca 6500 herbarium specimens and an in-depth literature review. As a result, 87 species (83 native and four introduced) and eight subspecies are accepted, and a further 395 names are considered synonyms. Geographical distribution, habitat, and altitudinal range for all species are also indicated. Brazil is the richest country in number of species of Acalypha (40), followed by Peru (32), Bolivia (29), Colombia and Ecuador—including Galapagos Islands—(24), Venezuela (18), Argentina (17), Paraguay (13), Guyana (8), Uruguay (5), French Guiana (4), and Suriname (3). The presence of the genus Acalypha in Chile is reported for the first time, alongside new country records of A. poiretii in Peru and A. venezuelica in Guatemala. The specimens previously identified as A. plicata from Colombia and Venezuela, are here considered belonging to A. cuspidata. The red list provided follows IUCN criteria and includes 39 species and three subspecies, 47% of total native species of Acalypha in South America: 16 species and one subspecies Critically Endangered (nine of them probably extinct), 15 species and two subspecies Endangered, and eight species Vulnerable

Revisiting the use of Live Attenuated viruses as models to study the pathogenesis and the mechanisms involved in protection against African swine fever

Trabajo presentado en el 8th EPIZONE Annual Meeting "Primed for tomorrow", celebrado en Copenhague (Dinamarca) del 23 al 25 de septiembre de 2014.The meeting is entitled: "Primed for tomorrow" and will address the latest developments aimed at monitoring and understanding the evolution, emergence, transmission and spread of epizootic viruses. The focus will remain on the EPIZONE themes aimed at improved disease control through integration and collaboration of research in diagnosis, intervention strategies, risk assessment, surveillance and epidemiology. A stimulating scientific programme will be provided by invited speakers and selected poster and oral presentations describing recent research on epizootic diseases of cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, fish and horses. This meeting builds on previous highly successful EPIZONE meetings and will provide extensive opportunities for networking, scientific exchange and fostering collaboration

Mid and late Holocene forest fires and deforestation in the subalpine belt of the Iberian range, northern Spain

26 Pags.- 6 Figs.- 2 Tabls. The definitive version is available at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11629The conversion of subalpine forests into grasslands for pastoral use is a well-known phenomenon, although for most mountain areas the timing of deforestation has not been determined. The presence of charcoal fragments in soil profiles affected by shallow landsliding enabled us to date the occurrence of fires and the periods of conversion of subalpine forest into grasslands in the Urbión Mountains, Iberian Range, Spain. We found that the treeline in the highest parts of the northwestern massifs of the Iberian Range (the Urbión, Demanda, Neila, and Cebollera massifs) is currently between 1500 and 1600 m a.s.l., probably because of pastoral use of the subalpine belt, whereas in the past it would have reached almost the highest divides (at approximately 2100–2200 m a.s.l.). The radiocarbon dates obtained indicate that the transformation of the subalpine belt occurred during the Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Middle Ages. Forest clearing was probably moderate during fires prior to the Middle Ages, as the small size of the sheep herds and the local character of the markets only required small clearings, and therefore more limited fires. Thus, it is likely that the forest recovered burnt areas in a few decades; this suggests the management of the forest and grasslands following a slash-and-burn system. During the Middle and Modern Ages deforestation and grassland expansion affected most of the subalpine belt and coincided with the increasing prevalence of transhumance, as occurred in other mountains in the Iberian Peninsula (particularly the Pyrenees). Although the occurrence of shallow landslides following deforestation between the Neolithic and the Roman Period cannot be ruled out, the most extensive shallow landsliding processes would have occurred from the Middle Ages until recent times.Support for this research was provided by the projects INDICA (CGL2011- 27753-C02-01 and -02) and DINAMO2 (CGL2012-33063), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

Complicaciones patológicas de la menopausia

El objetivo del presente informe es formular, de acuerdo con la evidencia científica disponible y del juicio del panel de expertos convocados, los criterios generales que configuran conceptualmente el término "complicaciones patológicas de la menopausia" en orden a establecer recomendaciones prácticas que orienten su manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico.Presentación, Introducción, Definiciones y Cuestiones Planteadas Descripción de los Fenómenos Clínico-Biologicos Asociados a, o Coincidentes con la Menopausia, Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos Utilizados Para la Caracterización del Estado Biológico de la menopausia: Uso Apropiado, Intervenciones Preventivo-Terapéuticas: Beneficios y Riesgos, Medidas Generales, Terapia Hormonal Sustitutiva Otros Tratamientos, Selección de Grupos Potencialmente Beneficiarios de Intervenciones Terapéuticas, Conclusiones, Bibliografía, Abstrac

One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) of Sentinel Lymph Node in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Spanish Multicenter Study (ENDO-OSNA)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) for the detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis compared to standard pathological ultrastaging in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). A total of 526 SLNs from 191 patients with EC were included in the study, and 379 SLNs (147 patients) were evaluated by both methods, OSNA and standard pathological ultrastaging. The central 1 mm portion of each lymph node was subjected to semi-serial sectioning at 200 μm intervals and examined by hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry with CK19; the remaining tissue was analyzed by OSNA for CK19 mRNA. The OSNA assay detected metastases in 19.7% of patients (14.9% micrometastasis and 4.8% macrometastasis), whereas pathological ultrastaging detected metastasis in 8.8% of patients (3.4% micrometastasis and 5.4% macrometastasis). Using the established cut-off value for detecting SLN metastasis by OSNA in EC (250 copies/μL), the sensitivity of the OSNA assay was 92%, specificity was 82%, diagnostic accuracy was 83%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. Discordant results between both methods were recorded in 20 patients (13.6%). OSNA resulted in an upstaging in 12 patients (8.2%). OSNA could aid in the identification of patients requiring adjuvant treatment at the time of diagnosis.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la amplificación de ácido nucleico en un solo paso (OSNA) para la detección de metástasis en el ganglio linfático centinela (GC) en comparación con la ultraestadificación patológica estándar en pacientes con cáncer de endometrio (CE) en estadio temprano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 526 SLN de 191 pacientes con EC, y 379 SLN (147 pacientes) fueron evaluados por ambos métodos, OSNA y ultraestadificación patológica estándar. La porción central de 1 mm de cada ganglio linfático se sometió a un seccionamiento semiserie a intervalos de 200 μm y se examinó mediante hematoxilina-eosina e inmunohistoquímica con CK19; el tejido restante fue analizado por OSNA para ARNm de CK19. El ensayo OSNA detectó metástasis en el 19,7 % de los pacientes (14,9 % micrometástasis y 4,8 % macrometástasis), mientras que la ultraestadificación patológica detectó metástasis en el 8,8 % de los pacientes (3. 4% micrometástasis y 5,4% macrometástasis). Usando el valor de corte establecido para detectar metástasis SLN por OSNA en EC (250 copias/μL), la sensibilidad del ensayo OSNA fue del 92 %, la especificidad fue del 82 %, la precisión diagnóstica fue del 83 % y el valor predictivo negativo fue del 99 % Se registraron resultados discordantes entre ambos métodos en 20 pacientes (13,6%). OSNA resultó en una sobreestadificación en 12 pacientes (8,2%). OSNA podría ayudar en la identificación de pacientes que requieren tratamiento adyuvante en el momento del diagnóstico. Se registraron resultados discordantes entre ambos métodos en 20 pacientes (13,6%). OSNA resultó en una sobreestadificación en 12 pacientes (8,2%). OSNA podría ayudar en la identificación de pacientes que requieren tratamiento adyuvante en el momento del diagnóstico. Se registraron resultados discordantes entre ambos métodos en 20 pacientes (13,6%). OSNA resultó en una sobreestadificación en 12 pacientes (8,2%). OSNA podría ayudar en la identificación de pacientes que requieren tratamiento adyuvante en el momento del diagnóstico