Critical review on bone grafting during immediate implant placement

In the last 20 years, immediate implant placement has been proposed as a predictable protocol to replace failing teeth. The research conducted in preclinical and clinical studies have focused on soft and hard tissue changes following tooth extraction and immediate implant placement. Different approaches for hard and soft tissue grafting together with provisional restorations have been proposed to compensate tissue alterations. This review analyzed some relevant clinical and preclinical literature focusing on the impact of bone grafting procedures on immediate implant placement in terms of hard and soft tissue changes, aesthetic results, and patient-related outcomesS

Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type of all benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, involving more frequently the parotid gland. It is a benign tumor with a slow and continuous growth that without treatment can reach an enormous size. We present a case of a giant pleomorphic adenoma in a 78-year-old man with a history of more than 30 years of a growing lesion in the parotid gland. Clinical examination revealed a giant mass on the right side of the face, however without any sign of facial nerve damage. The tumor was completely resected by total parotidectomy and preservation of the facial nerve. Macroscopically, the tumor measured 28cm and weighed 4.0 Kg. On the histological examination there was a predominance of epithelial and mioepithelial cells in a hyaline and mixoid stroma. It was not found any area of malignant transformation. In the post-operatory the aesthetic and functional results were excellent

A Model for landing, taking off and autonomous battery recharging of a Parrot Ar.Drone 2.0 using computational vision and GPS features

A drone is a type of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that most of the times can have four propellers. They can be used in many applications, one of those is to move through places of difficult access. Besides drones practicity over other aerial vehicles, its price is way lower compared to large vehicles, which turns them attractive to many activities. Also it offers safety in dangerous situations, like fires or accidents, as it doesnt need an on-board pilot. In a system with autonomous flight the concern with its landing and recharging of the batteries, which does not last more than a few minutes, arises. Using on-board devices, like its cameras and GPS modules, it is possible to implement functions to optimize its capabilities. With the goal to present a solution to such problem, this essay proposes a model which utilizes image recognition to allow a drone to land in an autonomous system. This landing routine based on its image turns flight and landing into autonomous processes, without human intervention

¿Trabajadores o arquitectos de la pelota? El diseño de la dimensión mediática de las estrellas deportivas

Este artigo vem delinear em texto e ilustrações a grandeza da atuação desses dois esportistas de categoria internacional Lebron James e Neymar Júnior. Traz também a sua relação com o tema da diversidade, exigência da opinião pública mundial na atualidade, em especial a partir da morte de George Floyd. O conteúdo gráfico favorece o entendimento da força midiática desses interlocutores e sua relação com a audiência. A reflexão se baseia nas contribuições de reconhecidos pensadores interessados na elaboração visual das ideias, tais como Johan Vincent Galtung e Umberto Eco.This article outlines in text and illustrations the performance of these two world-class sportsmen Lebron James and Neymar Júnior. It also brings their relationship with the theme of diversity, a demand of world public opinion today, especially after the death of George Floyd. The graphic content favors the understanding of the media power of these interlocutors and their relationship with the audience. The reflection is based on the contributions of recognized thinkers interested in the visual elaboration of ideas, such as Johan Vincent Galtung and Umberto Eco.Este artículo describe en texto e ilustraciones el desempeño de estos dos deportistas de talla mundial, Lebron James y Neymar Júnior. También trae su relación con el tema de la diversidad, un reclamo de la opinión pública mundial en la actualidad, especialmente tras la muerte de George Floyd. El contenido gráfico favorece la comprensión del poder mediático de estos interlocutores y su relación con la audiencia. La reflexión se basa en los aportes de reconocidos pensadores interesados en la elaboración visual de ideas, como Johan Vincent Galtung y Umberto Eco

Profile of the nutritional intake of patients with decreased bone mass

Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder in which there is bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fractures. A balanced diet that provides sufficient quantities of proteins, vitamins, and minerals has a positive influence on bone health. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of consumption of the main nutrients involved in bone health, in order to optimize their ingestion, in patients with low bone mass. The progress of the patients was followed at the calcium disorders outpatients unit of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (UNESP). Forty-five patients with low bone mass were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 15 women, with an average age of 60.7 years, accepted and concluded the project. 24-h food recollections were performed and nutritional education activities (NEA) were organized based on an information leaflet, with the aim of optimizing the consumption of calcium (Ca), vitamin D, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and other nutrients involved in bone health. There was also tasting of dietary preparations rich in Ca. The average consumption of the nutrients was evaluated before and after the end of the activities, using the program DietPro 5i®. The median ingestion of energy (1096.8 Kcal) and macronutrients (carbohydrates: 127.2 g; proteins: 40.4 g; lipids: 20.4 g) was below the levels recommended according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The consumption of energy and the nutrients showed no significant changes after the NEA (energy: 1120.8 Kcal; carbohydrates: 164.8 g; proteins: 60.5 g; lipids: 29.9 g; p&gt;0.05). The median ingestion of micronutrients was also below the levels recommended by DRI/Institute of Medicine (IOM) (Ca: 661.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.64 µg; Mg: 292.71 mg; P: 1214.00 mg). The consumption of such nutrients did not present significant changes after the NEA (Ca: 619.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.73 µg; Mg: 212.15 mg; P: 821.24 mg; p&gt;0.05). The percentage deficiencies for Ca, vitamin D and Mg were elevated (81.7%, 99.8%, and 100%, respectively). The percentage deficiency for P was 36%. In this group of female patients with low bone mass, there was an unsatisfactory ingestion profile for the main nutrients related to bone health. The nutritional guidance provided during the 8-month period was not effective in optimizing such ingestion. This finding highlights the importance of establishing new strategies in order to optimize the consumption of these nutrients.</p

Perfil de la ingestión nutricional de los pacientes con masa ósea disminuida

A osteoporose é uma desordem sistêmica na qual é observada a fragilidade óssea e o aumento da susceptibilidade às fraturas. Uma alimentação balanceada que forneça quantidades suficientes de proteínas, vitaminas e minerais, influencia positivamente a saúde dos ossos. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou traçar o perfil do consumo dos principais nutrientes envolvidos com a saúde óssea, procurando otimizar esta ingestão, nos pacientes portadores de baixa massa óssea, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Cálcio (ADC) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Foram convidados a participar do estudo 45 pacientes com baixa massa óssea, acompanhados no ADC. Destes, 15 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 60,7 anos, aceitaram e concluíram o projeto. Foram realizados recordatórios de 24 horas e desenvolvidas Atividades de Educação Nutricional (AEN), baseadas em um livreto informativo, objetivando a otimização do consumo de cálcio (Ca), vitamina D, fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg) e demais nutrientes envolvidos na saúde óssea. Foram ainda realizadas degustações de preparações dietéticas, ricas em Ca. O consumo médio dos nutrientes, foi avaliado antes e após o final das atividades, por meio do Programa.DietPro 5i®. A ingestão mediana de energia (1096,8 Kcal) e macronutrientes (carboidratos: 127,2g; proteínas: 40,4g; lipídeos: 20,4g) esteve abaixo do recomendado pelas Dietary References Intakes-DRI. O consumo desses nutrientes não apresentou alterações significativas após as AEN (energia: 1120,8 Kcal; carboidratos: 164,8; proteínas: 60,5 g; lipídeos: 29,9 g/ p> 0,05). A ingestão mediana de micronutrientes esteve abaixo do recomendado pelas DRI/Institute of Medicine-IOM (Ca: 661,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,64 µg; Mg: 292,71 mg; P: 1214,00 mg). O consumo desses nutrientes não apresentou alterações significativas após as AEN (Ca: 619,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,73 µg; Mg: 212,15 mg; P: 821,24 mg; p> 0,05). Os percentuais de inadequação para cálcio, vitamina D e magnésio foram elevados (81,7%, 99,8% e 100%, respectivamente). O percentual de inadequação para o fósforo foi de 36%. Neste grupo de pacientes portadoras de baixa massa óssea, observou-se um perfil de ingestão inadequado em relação aos principais nutrientes relacionados a saúde óssea. A orientação nutricional durante o período de oito meses não se mostrou eficiente na otimização desta ingestão. Este achado ressalta a importância do estabelecimento de novas estratégias que otimizem o consumo destes nutrientes.Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder in which there is bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fractures. A balanced diet that provides sufficient quantities of proteins, vitamins, and minerals has a positive influence on bone health. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of consumption of the main nutrients involved in bone health, in order to optimize their ingestion, in patients with low bone mass. The progress of the patients was followed at the calcium disorders outpatients unit of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (UNESP). Forty-five patients with low bone mass were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 15 women, with an average age of 60.7 years, accepted and concluded the project. 24-h food recollections were performed and nutritional education activities (NEA) were organized based on an information leaflet, with the aim of optimizing the consumption of calcium (Ca), vitamin D, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and other nutrients involved in bone health. There was also tasting of dietary preparations rich in Ca. The average consumption of the nutrients was evaluated before and after the end of the activities, using the program DietPro 5i®. The median ingestion of energy (1096.8 Kcal) and macronutrients (carbohydrates: 127.2 g; proteins: 40.4 g; lipids: 20.4 g) was below the levels recommended according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The consumption of energy and the nutrients showed no significant changes after the NEA (energy: 1120.8 Kcal; carbohydrates: 164.8 g; proteins: 60.5 g; lipids: 29.9 g; p>0.05). The median ingestion of micronutrients was also below the levels recommended by DRI/Institute of Medicine (IOM) (Ca: 661.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.64 µg; Mg: 292.71 mg; P: 1214.00 mg). The consumption of such nutrients did not present significant changes after the NEA (Ca: 619.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.73 µg; Mg: 212.15 mg; P: 821.24 mg; p>0.05). The percentage deficiencies for Ca, vitamin D and Mg were elevated (81.7%, 99.8%, and 100%, respectively). The percentage deficiency for P was 36%. In this group of female patients with low bone mass, there was an unsatisfactory ingestion profile for the main nutrients related to bone health. The nutritional guidance provided during the 8-month period was not effective in optimizing such ingestion. This finding highlights the importance of establishing new strategies in order to optimize the consumption of these nutrients.La osteoporosis es una enfermedad sistémica en la cual se observa fragilidad ósea y aumento de la susceptibilidad a las fracturas. Una alimentación equilibrada, que proporcione cantidades suficientes de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales, influye positivamente en la salud de los huesos. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue delinear el perfil de consumo de los principales nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea, con la finalidad de mejorar esta ingestión en pacientes con baja masa ósea, fueron acompañados en la enfermería de Trastornos de calcio del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Fueron llamados a participar del estudio 45 pacientes con baja masa ósea, seguidos en el ADC. De éstos, 15 pacientes del sexo femenino, con edad media de 60,7 años, aceptaron y concluyeron el proyecto. Se registraron históricos alimenticios de 24 horas y se  desarollaron actividades de educación nutricional (AEN), basadas en un folleto informativo, apuntando la optimización del consumo de calcio (Ca), vitamina D, fósforo (P), magnesio (Mg) y otros nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea. Fueron también realizadas degustaciones de preparaciones alimenticias, ricas en Ca. El consumo medio de los nutrientes fue evaluado antes y después de las actividades, a través del programa DietPro 5i®. La ingesta mediana de energía (1096,8 Kcal) y de macronutrientes (hidratos de carbono: 127,2g; proteínas: 40,4g; lípidos: 20,4g) estaba debajo de lo recomendado por las Dietary References Intakes-DRI.. El consumo de éstos nutrientes no presentó cambios significativos después de las AEN (energía: 1120,8 Kcal; hidratos de carbono: 164,8; proteínas: 60,5 g; lípidos: 29,9 g/ p> 0,05). La ingestión mediana de micronutrientes también estaba debajo de lo recomendado por DRI/Institute of Medicine-IOM (Ca: 661,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,64 µg; Mg: 292,71 mg; P: 1214,00 mg). El consumo de éstos nutrientes no ha presentado cambios significativos después de las AEN (Ca: 619,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,73 µg; Mg: 212,15 mg; P: 821,24 mg; p> 0,05). Los porcentajes de inadecuación para el Ca, vitamina D y Mg fueron elevados (81,7%, 99,8% y 100%, respectivamente). El porcentaje de inadecuación para el P fue de 36%. En este grupo de pacientes femeninos con baja masa ósea, se observó un perfil de ingestión inadecuada en relación a los principales nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea. La orientación nutricional no se mostró eficiente en la optimización de esta ingestión. Esta constatación destaca la importancia de establecer nuevas estrategias que optimicen el consumo de estos nutrientes

Perfil de la ingestión nutricional de los pacientes con masa ósea disminuida

A osteoporose é uma desordem sistêmica na qual é observada a fragilidade óssea e o aumento da susceptibilidade às fraturas. Uma alimentação balanceada que forneça quantidades suficientes de proteínas, vitaminas e minerais, influencia positivamente a saúde dos ossos. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou traçar o perfil do consumo dos principais nutrientes envolvidos com a saúde óssea, procurando otimizar esta ingestão, nos pacientes portadores de baixa massa óssea, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Cálcio (ADC) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Foram convidados a participar do estudo 45 pacientes com baixa massa óssea, acompanhados no ADC. Destes, 15 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 60,7 anos, aceitaram e concluíram o projeto. Foram realizados recordatórios de 24 horas e desenvolvidas Atividades de Educação Nutricional (AEN), baseadas em um livreto informativo, objetivando a otimização do consumo de cálcio (Ca), vitamina D, fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg) e demais nutrientes envolvidos na saúde óssea. Foram ainda realizadas degustações de preparações dietéticas, ricas em Ca. O consumo médio dos nutrientes, foi avaliado antes e após o final das atividades, por meio do Programa.DietPro 5i®. A ingestão mediana de energia (1096,8 Kcal) e macronutrientes (carboidratos: 127,2g; proteínas: 40,4g; lipídeos: 20,4g) esteve abaixo do recomendado pelas Dietary References Intakes-DRI. O consumo desses nutrientes não apresentou alterações significativas após as AEN (energia: 1120,8 Kcal; carboidratos: 164,8; proteínas: 60,5 g; lipídeos: 29,9 g/ p> 0,05). A ingestão mediana de micronutrientes esteve abaixo do recomendado pelas DRI/Institute of Medicine-IOM (Ca: 661,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,64 µg; Mg: 292,71 mg; P: 1214,00 mg). O consumo desses nutrientes não apresentou alterações significativas após as AEN (Ca: 619,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,73 µg; Mg: 212,15 mg; P: 821,24 mg; p> 0,05). Os percentuais de inadequação para cálcio, vitamina D e magnésio foram elevados (81,7%, 99,8% e 100%, respectivamente). O percentual de inadequação para o fósforo foi de 36%. Neste grupo de pacientes portadoras de baixa massa óssea, observou-se um perfil de ingestão inadequado em relação aos principais nutrientes relacionados a saúde óssea. A orientação nutricional durante o período de oito meses não se mostrou eficiente na otimização desta ingestão. Este achado ressalta a importância do estabelecimento de novas estratégias que otimizem o consumo destes nutrientes.Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder in which there is bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fractures. A balanced diet that provides sufficient quantities of proteins, vitamins, and minerals has a positive influence on bone health. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of consumption of the main nutrients involved in bone health, in order to optimize their ingestion, in patients with low bone mass. The progress of the patients was followed at the calcium disorders outpatients unit of the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (UNESP). Forty-five patients with low bone mass were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 15 women, with an average age of 60.7 years, accepted and concluded the project. 24-h food recollections were performed and nutritional education activities (NEA) were organized based on an information leaflet, with the aim of optimizing the consumption of calcium (Ca), vitamin D, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and other nutrients involved in bone health. There was also tasting of dietary preparations rich in Ca. The average consumption of the nutrients was evaluated before and after the end of the activities, using the program DietPro 5i®. The median ingestion of energy (1096.8 Kcal) and macronutrients (carbohydrates: 127.2 g; proteins: 40.4 g; lipids: 20.4 g) was below the levels recommended according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The consumption of energy and the nutrients showed no significant changes after the NEA (energy: 1120.8 Kcal; carbohydrates: 164.8 g; proteins: 60.5 g; lipids: 29.9 g; p>0.05). The median ingestion of micronutrients was also below the levels recommended by DRI/Institute of Medicine (IOM) (Ca: 661.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.64 µg; Mg: 292.71 mg; P: 1214.00 mg). The consumption of such nutrients did not present significant changes after the NEA (Ca: 619.57 mg; vitamin D: 0.73 µg; Mg: 212.15 mg; P: 821.24 mg; p>0.05). The percentage deficiencies for Ca, vitamin D and Mg were elevated (81.7%, 99.8%, and 100%, respectively). The percentage deficiency for P was 36%. In this group of female patients with low bone mass, there was an unsatisfactory ingestion profile for the main nutrients related to bone health. The nutritional guidance provided during the 8-month period was not effective in optimizing such ingestion. This finding highlights the importance of establishing new strategies in order to optimize the consumption of these nutrients.La osteoporosis es una enfermedad sistémica en la cual se observa fragilidad ósea y aumento de la susceptibilidad a las fracturas. Una alimentación equilibrada, que proporcione cantidades suficientes de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales, influye positivamente en la salud de los huesos. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue delinear el perfil de consumo de los principales nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea, con la finalidad de mejorar esta ingestión en pacientes con baja masa ósea, fueron acompañados en la enfermería de Trastornos de calcio del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Fueron llamados a participar del estudio 45 pacientes con baja masa ósea, seguidos en el ADC. De éstos, 15 pacientes del sexo femenino, con edad media de 60,7 años, aceptaron y concluyeron el proyecto. Se registraron históricos alimenticios de 24 horas y se  desarollaron actividades de educación nutricional (AEN), basadas en un folleto informativo, apuntando la optimización del consumo de calcio (Ca), vitamina D, fósforo (P), magnesio (Mg) y otros nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea. Fueron también realizadas degustaciones de preparaciones alimenticias, ricas en Ca. El consumo medio de los nutrientes fue evaluado antes y después de las actividades, a través del programa DietPro 5i®. La ingesta mediana de energía (1096,8 Kcal) y de macronutrientes (hidratos de carbono: 127,2g; proteínas: 40,4g; lípidos: 20,4g) estaba debajo de lo recomendado por las Dietary References Intakes-DRI.. El consumo de éstos nutrientes no presentó cambios significativos después de las AEN (energía: 1120,8 Kcal; hidratos de carbono: 164,8; proteínas: 60,5 g; lípidos: 29,9 g/ p> 0,05). La ingestión mediana de micronutrientes también estaba debajo de lo recomendado por DRI/Institute of Medicine-IOM (Ca: 661,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,64 µg; Mg: 292,71 mg; P: 1214,00 mg). El consumo de éstos nutrientes no ha presentado cambios significativos después de las AEN (Ca: 619,57 mg; vitamina D: 0,73 µg; Mg: 212,15 mg; P: 821,24 mg; p> 0,05). Los porcentajes de inadecuación para el Ca, vitamina D y Mg fueron elevados (81,7%, 99,8% y 100%, respectivamente). El porcentaje de inadecuación para el P fue de 36%. En este grupo de pacientes femeninos con baja masa ósea, se observó un perfil de ingestión inadecuada en relación a los principales nutrientes implicados en la salud ósea. La orientación nutricional no se mostró eficiente en la optimización de esta ingestión. Esta constatación destaca la importancia de establecer nuevas estrategias que optimicen el consumo de estos nutrientes

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA