Efecto de diferentes sustratos en la aclimatación y costos de plantas micropropagadas de caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl)

To reduce costs associated to ex vitro adaptation of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) plants Cv “Criolla”, the effect of three substrate mixes (Peat, peat + river sand and peat + rice husk) on survival, plant height and substrate associated plant cost were evaluated. Plants were micropropagated in semisolid MS medium supplied with 0,5 mg L-1 BAP. After medium removal, plants were transferred on 72-plug plastic trays filled with the respective substrate treatment. Trays were covered with translucent plastic covers during three days. Thereafter, plants were maintained in a 50% light shade house, fog irrigated twice a day for 1 minute each during 8 weeks. Treatments were distributed with a block randomized design. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated with Tukey´s mean separation test. Results allowed to evidence that peat + sand resulted in significant increase in survival, plant height and >35 decrease in substrate associated plant cost during adaptation to ex vitro conditions.Con el fin de reducir los costos de adaptación ex vitro de plantas micropropagadas de caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) cultivar “Criolla”, el efecto de tres sustratos (Turba, turba + arena y turba + cascarilla de arroz) sobre la supervivencia, el crecimiento y el costo de las plantas asociado al sustrato fueron evaluados. Las plantas fueron micropropagadas en medio MS semisólido adicionado con 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP. Después de remover el medio de cultivo, las plantas fueron transferidas en bandejas plásticas de 72 alveolos dispensadas con la mezcla de sustrato respectiva. Las bandejas fueron cubiertas con tapas plásticas transparentes durante 3 días. Las plantas fueron mantenidas en una casa malla con polisombra del 50% de luminosidad y dos riegos diarios de 1 minuto cada uno por nebulización durante 8 semanas. El diseño utilizado fue el de bloques al azar, los datos fueron analizados con ANOVA y los promedios separados con la prueba de separación de medias de Tukey. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar que la mezcla de sustrato formada por turba + arena resultó en incrementos significativos en el porcentaje de supervivencia, altura de planta  y redujo en >35% el costo final de las plantas asociado al uso de sustrato durante la adaptación a las condiciones ex vitro

Straight access to highly fluorescent angular indolocarbazoles via merging Au- and Mo-catalysis

A straightforward and efficient synthesis of the two less explored types of indolocarbazoles has been developed. Two different processes for the carbazole nucleus preparation, a gold-catalysed regioselective cyclization followed by the dioxomolybdenum-catalysed version of Cadogan reductive cyclization, enables the sequential construction of two carbazole cores. The procedure features total regioselectivity and high overall yields. The required starting α-indol-3-ylalkyl propargylic alcohols are easily and efficiently accessed from commercially available reagents. In addition, the photoluminescent properties of two indolo[2,3-c]carbazoles, with fluorescence quantum yields around 0.7, have been studied.Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER (BU291P18) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER (CTQ2016-75023-C2-1-P

Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion

Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others\u27 behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains – when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants\u27 aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who acted as a second participant. In reality, the participant interacted with a computer programed to make cooperative and uncooperative choices. After interacting with a cooperative or uncooperative computer, participants chose between blue cards to produce larger gains to the computer and smaller for him/her or green cards to produce equal and smaller gains for both. Results confirmed our first hypothesis that uncooperative interactions would produce aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Lastly, half of the participants were informed that points received during the experiment could be later exchanged for money, and half were not. Results indicated that information about monetary outcomes did not affect aversion to inequity, contradicting our second hypothesis. We discuss these results in the light of theories of reciprocal cooperation, inequity aversion, and conformity

Gestión de la Innovación en los Semilleros de Investigación en Universidades Públicas

El propósito de este artículo se centra en revelar los resultados de la gestión de innovación de los procesos en los Semilleros de Investigación de las Universidades Públicas del Departamento del Cesar. La metodología se enmarcó en un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, con características de campo, y diseño no experimental, transeccional. La población conformada por directores de semilleros y vice-rectores de investigación, con una muestra de 39 individuos. se construyó un instrumento con 30 items, escala Likert de cinco alternativas. Los resultados evidenciaron el estado actual de la gestión de innovación de los semilleros de investigaciones; y llevaron a presentar conclusiones que pueden ser de utilidad para mejorarla

Effect of Lachancea thermotolerans on the formation of polymeric pigments during sequential fermentation with Schizosaccharosmyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Anthocyanins in red grape musts may evolve during the winemaking process and wine aging for several different reasons; colour stability and evolution is a complex process that may depend on grape variety, winemaking technology, fermentative yeast selection, co-pigmentation phenomena and polymerization. The condensation of flavanols with anthocyanins may occur either with the flavylium ion or with the hemiacetal formation in order to produce oligomers and polymers. The kinetics of the reaction are enhanced by the presence of metabolic acetaldehyde, promoting the formation of pyranoanthocyanin-type dimers or flavanol-ethyl-anthocyanin structures. The experimental design carried out using white must corrected with the addition of malvidin-3-O-glucoside and flavanols, suggests that non-Saccharomyces yeasts are able to provide increased levels of colour intensity and larger polymeric pigment ratios and polymerization indexes. The selection of non-Saccharomyces genera, in particular Lachancea thermotolerans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe in sequential fermentation, have provided experimental wines with increased fruity esters, as well as producing wines with potential pigment compositions, even though there is an important reduction of total anthocyaninsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of Surotomycin on Clostridium difficile Viability and Toxin Production In Vitro

The increasing incidence and severity of infection by Clostridium difficile have stimulated attempts to develop new antimicrobial therapies. We report here the relative abilities of two antibiotics (metronidazole and vancomycin) in current use for treating C. difficile infection and of a third antimicrobial, surotomycin, to kill C. difficile cells at various stages of development and to inhibit the production of the toxin proteins that are the major virulence factors. The results indicate that none of the drugs affects the viability of spores at 8× MIC or 80× MIC and that all of the drugs kill exponential-phase cells when provided at 8× MIC. In contrast, none of the drugs killed stationary-phase cells or inhibited toxin production when provided at 8× MIC and neither vancomycin nor metronidazole killed stationary-phase cells when provided at 80× MIC. Surotomycin, on the other hand, did kill stationary-phase cells when provided at 80× MIC but did so without inducing lysis

Tuning the charge stabilization and transport in naphthalimide-based semiconductors via a fused-ring and core-engineering strategy

The synthesis and characterization of a family of rationally designed compounds based on naphtha- limide units attached, through conjugated nitrogenated linkers (i.e. pyrazine and imidazoline units), to fused thiophene-based moieties is shown. This combination of different donor–acceptor moieties allows fine tuning of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, and thus the modulation of their electronic properties. A comprehensive physical chemistry study is carried out, in which the nature of the neutral and charged species are analyzed and their electrical performance is understood in terms of molecular and supramolecular characteristics.This work was financially supported by MICINN (PID2022- 138908NB-C33, PID2022-139548NB-I00 and TED2021-129886B- C43) and the UCM (INV.GR.00.1819.10759). R GN thanks the MICINN for a FPI predoctoral fellowship (PRE2020-092327). FSB and MJAN gratefully acknowledge Universidad Rey Juan Carlos for their predoctoral and postdoctoral contracts. Com- puter resources, technical expertise and assistance was pro- vided by the SCBI (Supercomputing and Bioinformatics) center of the University of M´alaga and are gratefully acknowledged. The Vibrational spectroscopy (EVI) lab of the Research Central Services (SCAI) of the University of M´alaga is also gratefully acknowledged. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Comparison of the effect of repeated-sprint training combined with two different methods of strengt training on young soccer players

Comparison of the effect of repeated-sprint training combined with two different methods of strength training on young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 744–751, 2015—The aim of this study was to assess the effect of combining repeated-sprint training with 2 different methods of muscle strength training on physical performance variables in young players. Twenty-one soccer players with mean (±SD) age of 18.1 (±0.8) years, weight 69.9 (±6.5) kg, and height 177.1 (±5.7) cm, and competing in U-19 category, were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups: squat group (SG: n = 10) and take-off group (TG: n = 11). Intervention in both groups consisted of the combination of a weekly session of repeated-sprint training (the same for both groups), with 2 weekly sessions of strength training (different for each group), for 8 weeks in the final period of the season. The strength sessions for the SG consisted of conducting a series of full squats executed at maximum velocity in the concentric phase. Intervention in the TG was the performance of 2 specific strength exercises (take-offs and change of direction), with measurements taken before and after consideration of the following variables: repeated-sprint ability (RSA), yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1), countermovement jump (CMJ), and average velocity in full squat progressive loads test. The SG improved CMJ height in 5.28% (p <= 0.05) and FS37.5-47.5-67.5 (p <= 0.05), whereas the TG improved FS17.5-27.5-37.5-47.5-67.5 (p <= 0.05). There were no significant changes in the values of RSA or YYIRT1 in either group. The results seem to show that the combination of a weekly session of repeated-sprint training with 2 weekly sessions of strength training could be an insufficient stimulus to improve RSA in the final period of the season.Actividad Física y Deport