On sectional paths in a category of complexes of fixed size

We show how to build the Auslander-Reiten quiver of the category Cn(proj A)of complexes of size n ≥ 2, for any artin algebra A. We also give conditions over the complexes in Cn(proj A) under which the composition of irreducible morphisms in sectional paths vanishes.Fil: Chaio, Claudia Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pratti, Nilda Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Souto-Salorio, M. José. Universidad de Coruña; Españ

Reforma do ensino médio: implicação para a educação física brasileira

Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da educação nacional define o principal papel da educação que é a formação integral do indivíduo, seu preparo para o pleno exercício da cidadania e para o mercado de trabalho. Por sua vez os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais aponta que o papel fundamental da educação é o desenvolvimento das pessoas e das sociedades. A educação física se legitima no sistema educacional brasileiro, sobretudo por meio destes dois documentos. Porém, em 2016 apoiando-se no discurso de que a educação brasileira estaria ultrapassada e ineficaz desde o ensino básico o atual Governo Federal brasileiro por meio de seu Ministério da Educação estabelece uma reforma do ensino médio lançando mão de uma Medida Provisória nº 746 de 2016 que torna o ensino da Educação Física facultativo no ensino médio. Entretanto, pouco se debateu a respeito dos impactos desta para o efetivo papel do sistema educacional brasileiro, bem como a ausência da obrigatoriedade da disciplina educação física e suas consequências na formação sociocultural e crítica do aluno. Deste modo o presente artigo tem como objetivo debater a luz da literatura atual os possíveis impactos da Medida Provisória na disciplina de educação física e suas consequências na formação integral do aluno.Mesa 6. Educación física y didáctica.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Los problemas docentes en historia de bachillerato: la gran diversidad bajo la aparente uniformidad

El enunciado expresado arriba podría ser el que resumiera esta investigación: la multiplicidad de soluciones que los docentes han dado, y están dando, a los problemas de enseñanza, desde lo cotidiano1 y desde el anonimato. El estudio de las más de 40.000 descripciones de cerca de 1.500 alumnos, que habían cursado Historia en COU o en el Bachillerato LOGSE, permite observar una multiplicidad de experiencias vividas. El recuerdo de las mismas nos ha permitido acumular un amplio conjunto de datos con los cuales mostrar la variedad de factores que influyen en una clase de Historia, en la cual cobra especial protagonismo la figura del profesor

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variability of the PAR/GHI Ratio and PAR Modeling Based on Two Satellite Estimates

The main objectives of this work are to address the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the ratio between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), as well as to develop PAR models. The analysis was carried out using data from three stations located in mainland Spain covering three climates: oceanic, standard Mediterranean, and continental Mediterranean. The results of this analysis showed a clear dependence between the PAR/GHI ratio and the location; the oceanic climate showed higher values of PAR/GHI compared with Mediterranean climates. Further, the temporal variability of PAR/GHI was conditioned by the variability of clearness index, so it was also higher in oceanic than in Mediterranean climates. On the other hand, Climate Monitoring Satellite Facility (CM-SAF) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to estimate PAR as a function of GHI over the whole territory. The validation with ground measurements showed better performance of the MODIS-estimates-derived model for the oceanic climate (root-mean-square error (RMSE) around 5%), while the model obtained from CM-SAF fitted better for Mediterranean climates (RMSEs around 2%)This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) [Project CGL2016-79284-P AEI/FEDER/UE and F.F.-C. was founded by PhD Contract Number BES-2017-082043]S

The Importance of Poneromorph Ants for Seed Dispersal in Altered Environments

Changes in species composition and an increase in the probability of local or regional extinctions alone are considered alarming consequences of human disturbances. However, these changes bring other damages that have passed unnoticed by scientists, such as the loss of ecological interactions. In the present study, we assessed fragments of secondary forest and pastures focusing on two aspects of the seed dispersal process: removal rate and dispersal distance. We collected data in forest fragments named Forest 1 (6 ha), Forest 2 (36 ha), and Forest 3 (780 ha), and in a pasture in the municipality of Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. In each site, we established 40 observation stations containing six seeds of Carica papaya L. (papaya) and monitored seed removal for 2 h at each station. Seventeen ant species removed a total of 316 seeds (32.92% of the seeds). The species that removed the highest number of seeds was Pachycondyla striata Fr. Smith, followed by Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille). The seed removal rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05, Tukey test) in the forest fragment where larger species were more frequent. The average removal distance was significantly longer in two out of three forest fragments (P < 0.05, Tukey test). Larger ants removed more seeds and for longer distances. Hence, seed dispersal was increased by the presence of large-bodied ant species and their high frequency in forest fragments seed dispersal

Flow injection system with gas diffusion for the sequential determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetables

A flow injection system was developed for the sequential determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in digests of vegetables using potentiometric and spectrophotometric detection systems, respectively. A tubular ammonium selective electrode with a sensor system composed of nonactin/monactin in tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was used. The selectivity limitations of this electrode were overcome by the inclusion of a gas-diffusion unit in the system that separated ammonium from the rest of the sample matrix and allowed the determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus by the partition of the sample plug between two streams. The results obtained with the developed FIA system were in good agreement with those of the reference methods. Sampling rates from 40 to 60 samples per hour and relative standard deviations below 3.5% were achieved

Particle methods parallel implementations by GP-GPU strategies

This paper outlines the problems found in the parallelization of SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) algorithms using Graphics Processing Units. Different results of some parallel GPU implementations in terms of the speed-up and the scalability compared to the CPU sequential codes are shown. The most problematic stage in the GPU-SPH algorithms is the one responsible for locating neighboring particles and building the vectors where this information is stored, since these specific algorithms raise many difficulties for a data-level parallelization. Because of the fact that the neighbor location using linked lists does not show enough data-level parallelism, two new approaches have been proposed to minimize bank conflicts in the writing and subsequent reading of the neighbor lists. The first strategy proposes an efficient coordination between CPU-GPU, using GPU algorithms for those stages that allow a straight forward parallelization, and sequential CPU algorithms for those instructions that involve some kind of vector reduction. This coordination provides a relatively orderly reading of the neighbor lists in the interactions stage, achieving a speed-up factor of x47 in this stage. However, since the construction of the neighbor lists is quite expensive, it is achieved an overall speed-up of x41. The second strategy seeks to maximize the use of the GPU in the neighbor’s location process by executing a specific vector sorting algorithm that allows some data-level parallelism. Although this strategy has succeeded in improving the speed-up on the stage of neighboring location, the global speed-up on the interactions stage falls, due to inefficient reading of the neighbor vectors. Some changes to these strategies are proposed, aimed at maximizing the computational load of the GPU and using the GPU texture-units, in order to reach the maximum speed-up for such codes. Different practical applications have been added to the mentioned GPU codes. First, the classical dam-break problem is studied. Second, the wave impact of the sloshing fluid contained in LNG vessel tanks is also simulated as a practical example of particle methods

Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Booster Vaccination Increases Senegalese Sole Survival and Enhances Immunoprotection

iral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is a serious threat to Senegalese sole farming. We have previously demonstrated that immunization with an inactivated vaccine confers partial protection against the infection. However, a vaccination program must be finely adjusted to achieve the best results in terms of immune system stimulation and protection. In this study we show that a booster injection 30 days after prime vaccination increases sole survival and reduces NNV replication in brain (viral target organ). The analysis of immune-related genes expression indicated that T CD4+ lymphocytes and the proteins Mx and HERC4 may play an important role in the protection. These findings increase our understanding of sole immune response against NNV and may contribute to the development of effective protection measures.This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIUI), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER, grant number RTI2018-094687-B-C21. Dr. Sandra Souto was funded with a postdoctoral grant from Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade, Xunta de Galicia (grant number: ED481D-2022-024). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Microscopy and Microanalysis of an Extreme Case of Salt and Biodegradation in 17th Century Wall Paintings

The present study characterizes the main deterioration mechanisms affecting the early 17th frescoes of Casa de Fresco, the only known example in Portugal of a semi-underground leisure room richly decorated with a balcony over a water well. Frescoes from the vault are at risk due to salt weathering and biodeterioration. The aim of the research was identification of the deterioration materials, determination of their origin, and their effect on the frescoes before future intervention. Scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) was used to determine salt morphology and microanalysis. The mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray powder diffraction, complemented with µ-Raman and µ-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biological assessment was evaluated with optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. Bacterial and fungal isolation and identification were performed using standard culture media and methods according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and from the Compendium of Soil Fungi. The results show that Ca and Ca-Mg carbonates from the paint renderings are the predominant salt species affecting the site. Bacterial strains from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas and fungal strains from the Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated in the salt formations, within and between the mortar layers. Azurite, malachite, and smalt paint layers are the most affected by the weathering conditions

Environmental problems and Geographic education. A case study: Learning about the climate and landscape in Ontinyent (Spain)

Cultural perceptions of the environment bring us back to elements and factors guided by 'natural' cause-effect principles. It seems that academic education has had little effect on the manner and results of learning about changes in the local landscape, especially as regards rational explanations. There is considerable difficulty relating academic concepts about the climate to transformations in the environmental landscape. Teaching tasks are mediatized due to the use of rigorous and precise concepts which facilitate functional and satisfactory learning. This is the objective of the research this article aims to undertake, for which we have chosen the case of Ontinyent (Spain). This research will include two parts: the first aims to identify problems in geographical education of the climate, and the second applies to didactic suggestions for improvement. Methodologically, this study involves qualitative, non-experimental, research-oriented toward change, which purports to understand the educational reality. Our sample included a total of 431 students. Moreover, a semi-structured interview, conducted with teachers in schools and universities in Ontinyent, was organized. Fourteen teachers were interviewed, including two who participated as research professors in the action-research method. The study revealed that students' conceptual and stereotypical errors, in the different educational stages, vary according to the type (climate, weather, climate change, landscape) and stage (Primary, Secondary, University). They are persistent and continuous, given that they are repeated and appear anchored in the ideas and knowledge development of students regarding the problems and the study of the climate throughout their education