The introduction of sexually active bucks at different moments of the oestrous cycle does not modify the NEFAs or the IGF-1 concentrations

Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) concentrations are modified after the induction of a "male effect". The present study examined the effect of the introduction of males into a group of females that were previously isolated from males, during different phases of the sexual cycle, to determine the changes to the NEFAs and IGF-1 concentrations. Sixty-four does were divided into six groups. The males were introduced with the females at different points after sponge removal. Introduction was carried out 48 h (n=10, Group 48H), 72 h (n=12, Group 72H), 4 days (n=10, Group 4 D), 13 days (n=10, Group 13 D) or 18 days after sponge removal (n=10, Group 18 D), and a control group was implemented that had no contact with males (n=12, Control Group). Plasma samples were taken every day to determine daily progesterone (P4) and NEFAs concentrations, and every second day for IGF-1 determination. No effects from the experimental groups were observed on the mean NEFAs or IGF-1 concentrations (p>.05). No differences between the time before male introduction and after male introduction were observed on the NEFAs concentrations (p>.05) or IGF-1 concentrations (p>.05). On the whole, only differences were observed in the NEFAs concentrations between the follicular and the luteal phases (9.48 ± 0.38 vs 8.15 ± 0.15mg/dL for follicular and luteal phases, respectively, p<.01). The results of the present experiment demonstrated that the introduction of sexually active males at different moments of the oestrous cycle does not modify the NEFAs or the IGF-1 concentrations.This study was funded by Grant [AGL2016-75848-R] from MINECO-AEI-FEDER (Spain)

Hacia la antropología implicada en el sacramento de la unción de los enfermos

Licenciado (a) en TeologíaPregrad

Caracterización de los pacientes atendidos por tuberculosis en el Hospital primario Oswaldo Padilla Waspam, Rio Coco Enero de 2013 a Junio 2015

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en El municipio De Waspam, Rio Coco cuyo objetivo principal fue el de caracterizar a la población en estudio durante el periodo de enero de 2013 a junio de 2015. La metodología empleada es un estudio del tipo descriptivo, según la secuencia del tiempo transversal, con un universo correspondiente a 284 pacientes y una muestra de 72 pacientes calculada por fórmula logarítmica. La información se recolecto de fuentes secundarias mediante el uso de un instrumento de recolección que se llevó a cabo con varios acápites y en los que se respetó la privacidad de cada paciente, el análisis de datos fue llevado a cabo en tablas y gráficos elaborados en el programa Excel. En cuanto a los resultados los más importantes a mencionar son: La edad de la población a estudio encontramos que el grupo más afectado es el de 25 a 34 años con un 34.7% seguidos de los grupos de 35 a 44 años con un 23.6% y de 15 a 24 años con un 13.9% de los cuales se encuentran dentro del rango de edad de la población económicamente activa. El sexo más afectado es el masculino con un 66.6%, la procedencia el 65.3% de los pacientes procedían del área rural, cabe destacar que el casco urbano de Waspam es pequeño y que la mayoría de sus comunidades son a la orilla del Rio Coco en extrema pobreza, la mayoría de los pacientes resultaron analfabetos con un 63.9% y La tos por as de 14 dias fue el síntoma de predominio con 86.1%, seguido del signo de la fiebre con 80.5% y pérdida de peso con el 69.4% y el tipo de TB que desarrollaron los pacientes fue la pulmonar con un 84.7

The use of photoperiod-treated bucks to induce a “male effect” does not compensate for the negative effects of nutritional restriction of the females in Mediterranean goats

This work examined the effect of acute nutritional restriction or supplementation one week before male introduction on the reproductive performances of the “male effect” when using photostimulated or control males in goats. On 22 March, 84 anoestrous does were placed with photostimulated bucks or with bucks which had received no treatments. One week before male introduction, the females were provided with different nutritional regimes: Supplemented, restricted or control females. The non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were measured in the same samples. Fecundity, fertility, prolificacy and productivity were also determined. No interaction between both sources of variation was observed in any of the reproductive variables studied. Treatment of the bucks increased the percentage of females expressing behavioural oestrous associated with ovulation (71% vs 90% for Natural and Photo groups, respectively, P < 0.05). The Supplemented females showed higher ovulation rate than Restricted females (1.77 ± 0.13 vs 1.05 ± 0.05, P < 0.001), fecundity (71% vs 43%, P < 0.05); fertility (76% vs 29%, P < 0.05) and productivity (1.00 ± 0.15 vs 0.29 ± 0.11 kids per female, P < 0.01). In the Supplemented females, the higher reproductive results could be due to the lower NEFAs and higher IGF-1 concentrations at ovulation and at the time of oestrus compared to the Restricted females. Thus, the present experiment results demonstrate that nutrition is an important factor in the response to the “male effect” at Mediterranean latitudes, and its negative effect cannot be counterbalanced by using photostimulated bucks.This study was funded by Grant AGL2016-75848-R from MINECO- AEI-FEDER (Spain).The authors wish to thank the farm staff of Huelva University for their technical support. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA

Artificial long days in addition to exogenous melatonin and daily contact with bucks stimulate the ovarian and oestrous activity in Mediterranean goat females

One experiment was conducted to determine whether the treatment with artificial long days and exogenous melatonin can induce reproductive activity during spring (seasonal anoestrus) in Mediterranean goats that are in daily contact with bucks and whether this treatment causes a variation in the reactivation of the reproductive activity in the normal breeding season. The experiment started on 4 November 2005 and finished on 27 October 2006. Thirty-four adult and barren does were used, distributed into two groups balanced according to their live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS). Seventeen females were exposed to long days (16 h of light/day) from 14 November 2005 to 20 February 2006. On 20 February, they received one s.c. melatonin implant (LD-M group) and were exposed to natural photoperiodic changes in an open shed. The other females during the experiment were placed in an open shed under natural photoperiod and remained as the control group (C group). The C and LD-M groups were keeping in contact with males during the whole experiment. During the experiment, the LW, BCS and plasma progesterone concentrations were measured weekly, oestrous activity was tested daily using entire aproned bucks, and ovulation rate was evaluated by laparoscopy 7 days after positive identification of the oestrus. A clear treatment–time interaction was observed for plasma progesterone concentrations ( P,0.001), with a period of high progesterone concentrations during the natural seasonal anoestrus in the LD-M group. Although 94.1% of females in the LD-M group presented ovarian activity during this period, no female in group C did. Resumption of ovarian activity in the subsequent natural breeding season was 2 weeks later in the LD-M group in comparison with group C ( P,0.05). We can conclude that in Mediterranean goat breeding systems, when females are in daily contact with bucks, the treatment with 3 months of long days and melatonin implant at the end of the light photoperiodic treatment can induce ovarian and oestrous activity during the seasonal anoestrus. Finally, this treatment causes a short delay in the subsequent reactivation of ovarian activity in the natural breeding season

Exogenous melatonin does not improve the freezability of Blanca Andaluza goat semen over exposure to two months of short days

This paper compares the effects of exposure to exogenous melatonin (MEL), short days (SD, 8 h of light) and long days (LD, 16 h of light), on reproductive activity, sperm motility and other reproductive variables, in Blanca Andaluza bucks. Fourteen males were spilt into two groups of seven animals (G1 and G2). They were subjected to five alternations of 2 months of LD followed by 2 months of SD or MEL before the experimental period of three consecutive intervals of: (1) 2 months of SD (G1, N = 7) or MEL (G2, N = 7); (2) 2 months of LD (G1 + G2, N = 14); and (3) 2 months of SD (G2, N = 7) or MEL (G1, N = 7). Plasma testosterone concentration, live weight, testicular weight and fresh semen quality were determined weekly. Semen was also cooled and frozen–thawed every fortnight, and the same quality variables measured as for fresh sperm. When the bucks were under LD treatment, the testosterone concentration was lower than when under MEL or SD treatment (P < 0.01); values for the semen concentration and total number of sperm per ejaculate were also higher (P < 0.001). No differences were observed between the MEL and SD treatments in terms of fresh, cooled or frozen–thawed sperm quality. Only some quality variables on fresh semen were improved by MEL and SD treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion the results of the present experiment showed that MEL improved the fresh semen motility variables, but this did not improve the motility of frozen–thawed sperm over that recorded for either SD or LD treatment

Induction of oestrus with progesterone, chorionic gonadotropin and antero-hipofisary extract in postpartum anoestrus dairy cows

El objetivo del presente estudio fue inducir la ciclicidad de vacas lecheras en anestro posparto tras la aplicación de dos extractos gonadotróficos (gonadotrofina coriónica equina eCG y extracto de pituitaria anterior equina HAP). Se trabajó con 7 planteles, ubicados en la región sur de Chile, en los cuales se seleccionaron 89 vacas en anestro con más 60 días de paridas. Las vacas seleccionadas fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos; dos recibieron un dispositivo intravaginal con 1,38 g de progesterona por 7 días, uno de ellos recibió además 2 dosis de 50 mg de HAP al 7º y 8º días, y el otro grupo recibió 400 UI de eCG al 7º día. El tercer grupo fue el control sin tratamiento. La presentación de celos fue mayor (p<0,05) en los grupos que recibieron los tratamientos gonadotróficos, comparados con el grupo control. Se logró reducir significativamente el lapso tratamiento primer servicio en vacas tratadas con HAP (11,8 días) y eCG (13 días) respecto del control (34,2 días). Los porcentajes de ovulación en vacas tratadas con HAP (48,4%) y eCG (56,7%) superaron con significación estadística (p<0,05) a los controles (14,3%). Al finalizar el lapso tratamiento-concepción, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos tratados con HAP (16,7 días), eCG (20,8 días) y controles (31,7 días). La preñez total a los 25 días de concluido los tratamientos fue de 35,5%, 30% y 10,7% para los grupos HAP, eCG y control respectivamente. Los tratamientos gonadotróficos se revelan como herramientas útiles en el manejo reproductivo del anestro posparto en vacas lecheras.The aim of the present study was to induce oestrus in postpartum anoestrus dairy cows after the application of two hormonal treatments. With this purpose a group of 89 dairy cows in anoestrus, with 60 or more days from calving, were selected in the south region of Chile. The animals were randomly allocated in three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received an intravaginal device with 1.38 g of progesterone for 7 days. Group 1 received two doses of 50 mg of horse anterior pituitary extract (HAP) on days 7 and 8, and group 2 received 400 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on day 7. Group 3 was left as control, without treatment. Oestrus induction was evaluated by two times daily detection and was statistically higher (p<0.05) in cows that received gonadotrophic treatments (groups 1 and 2) compared to control cows. The treatments significantly reduced the interval treatment to first service in cows that receive HAP (11.8 days) and eCG (13 days), compared to control cows (34.2 days). The percentage of ovulated cows was greater in the groups receiving HAP (48.4%) and eCG (56.7%) compared to controls (14.3%). The pregnancy rate was significantly improved (p<0.05) within 25 days in cows treated with HAP (35.5%) over the control group (10.7%). The gonadotrophic treatments may be useful tools for the reproductive management of postpartum anestrus in dairy cows.Fil: kizur, A.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Garrido, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Konrad, José Luis. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Crudeli, Gustavo Angel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Gatica García, R.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Efecto de la melatonina durante el anestro estacional en la reactivación de la actividad sexual y producción seminal durante la estación reproductiva de machos cabrios del mediterráneo

One experiment was conducted to determine if the onset of the reproductive activity and semen production could be modified by a previous treatment with exogenous melatonin, used to enhance reproductive activity during the seasonal anoestrous in Mediterranean bucks. Two balanced groups of bucks were used. The 18th march 2005, one group (M group) received 3 s.c. implants of melatonin (N=7) and other group (N=4) was used like control (C group). From June to September, body weight and testosterone was measured weekly and testicular weight every 15 days. The reproductive activity of each buck was assessed using characteristics of the testosterone profile. During the first 8 days of each month, volume of ejaculate and sperm concentration was assessed. Each of these 8-d periods was divided into 3-d periods of daily sperm collection separated by 2 d of rest. The semen was collected using an artificial vagina. The effect of treatment and month was studied on each variable. An interaction, month-treatment was observed on ejaculate volume, July was the month with higher volume (0.62 ± 0.06 mL vs 1.07 ± 0.15 mL for M and C group respectively, P < 0.05). Sperm concentration was influenced by treatment (6.13 x109 ± 2.49 x108 vs 4.26 x109 ± 3.12 x108 sperm/mL, for M and C, respectively, P < 0.05). The onset of the reproductive activity, after the study of the testosterone concentrations was similar for both groups (31st August ± 7.89 days and 4th September ± 25.66 days for M and C group, respectively). Results demonstrate that melatonin treatment during the seasonal anoestrous does not influence the onset of the normal breeding season or ejaculate volume but it seems that could increases the sperm concentration at the normal breeding season in Mediterranean goat males

Analysis of the Big-Five personality traits in the Chatbot "UC - Paraguay"

In the context of the project "WeNet: Internet of us" we are studying the role of diversity in relation to Internet-mediated social interactions. In this paper, in particular, we analyze a possible relationship between personality aspects and social interaction mediated by digital platforms. More specifically, we rely on the five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience), commonly referred to as "Big-five", and associate them to automatically extracted behavioral characteristics derived from the experience of using a Chatbot for a closed community of students at the Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunci´ón" (UC). The personality data comes from a self-report made by the users through questionnaires. According to a survey to the participants, overall the results show very positive appraisals about the use of the Chatbot in terms of user experience and its main functionalities, which is very encouraging for future pilots. As for the role of personality in relation to the main use of the Chatbot, although further experience is required to confirm trends, the results suggest that the Big-five personality traits are to some extent correlated with: the active participation (Agreeableness and Openess); the type of contribution in term of length of questions/requests for help and answers (Agreeableness, Neuroticism and Openness); and, the network of interactions evolution over time (Openness and Neuroticism)

Utilización de fotoperiodo e implantes de melatonina para el control de la reproducción en caprinos mediterráneos

El fotoperiodo es el principal factor medioambiental que controla la actividad reproductiva en caprino y es interpretado por el animal por la variación en la secreción de melatonina. La especie caprina presenta variaciones en su actividad reproductiva a lo largo del año en relación con el fotoperiodo, de manera que los días cortos estimulan su actividad reproductiva y los días largos la inhiben. El hecho de que su actividad reproductiva sea estacional, conlleva importantes variaciones en sus producciones a lo largo del año. De este modo, las técnicas de control de la reproducción caprina permiten una mejor distribución de sus producciones, leche y carne, a lo largo del año. Los tratamientos fotoperiódicos, se basan en la alternancia entre los días largos y cortos. En primer lugar los animales son sometidos a días largos, para que estén preparados para responder al efecto estimulatorio de los días cortos. Estos tratamientos fotoperiódicos inducen actividad reproductiva tanto en machos como en hembras, al igual que los tratamientos hormonales. Respecto a la melatonina, la autorización comercial en España de implantes de melatonina para mejorar los resultados reproductivos en la especie caprina se produjo en el año 2009. Estos implantes provocan un incremento de las concentraciones en sangre de esta hormona que hace que el animal interprete que se encuentra en días cortos y por tanto estimula su actividad reproductiva. El protocolo de utilización, recomendado habitualmente, incluye la colocación los implantes tanto en las hembras como en los machos entorno al equinoccio de primavera, previa separación de ambos sexos durante al menos 45 días. Este tratamiento permite incrementar, con respecto a las hembras no tratadas, la fertilidad y en consecuencia la producción de chivos y, en consecuencia, el número de cabras que van a producir leche.The photoperiod is the main environmental factor that controls reproductive activity in goats, and their information is transduced by the melatonin secretion. Goats show a seasonal pattern in reproductive activity related to the annual variations of photoperiod. Short days stimulate the reproductive activity and long days inhibit it. The fact that their sexual activity is seasonal affects the distribution of their production over the year and this is a problem both in dairy and meat production systems which attempt to have a constant production year-round. Techniques used to control reproduction in goats allow greater distribution of milk and meat production throughout the year. In this way, photoperiod treatments are based on alternation of long and short days. First, the animals are subjected to long days in order to prepare them to respond to the stimulatory effects of subsequently administered short days. These photoperiodic treatments can induce sexual activity in males and females similarly to hormonal treatment in females. The commercial use of melatonin implants in Spain for goats was approved on 2009. The melatonin implants induces an increase on the plasma melatonin concentrations as a short day and stimulates reproductive activity. The procedure of application includes the insertion of the melatonin implants on the females and males during the seasonal anoestrous and isolation of the both sexes during 45 days. This allows increasing the reproductive performances as fertility and in consequence the number of milking goats