Efecto del tamaño de la semilla de Moringa stenopetala sobre el comportamiento de plántulas en vivero

El presente estudio se realizó en la finca Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, localizada geográficamente en los 12°08’15’’ latitud Norte y 86°09’36’’longitud Este, en el Departamento de Managua, Nicaragua con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del tamaño y peso de la semilla de Moringa stenopetala sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de plántulas en su etapa inicial en condiciones de vivero. Se utilizó un D iseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) unifactorial, con 20 repeticiones, donde el factor evaluado fue el tamaño de las semillas, clasificadas de acuerdo al largo, diámetro y peso. Las semillas grandes obtuvieron mejor tasa de germinación (25%) y tasa de sobrevivencia (100%) que las semillas pequeñas con 22 y 90.9%, respectivamente. Las plántulas obtenidas de las semilla grandes de M. stenopetala fueron estadísticamente (p<0.05%) superiores en altura (59.1 cm), diámetro basal del tallo (1.6 cm), número de hojas (24) y número de pinnas (344) que las obtenidas con las semillas pequeñas. Esto nos permite concluir que la clasificación de las semillas por tamaño y peso, es una estrategia adecuada en M. stenopetala para obtener plántulas potencialmente más vigorosas y de mayor crecimiento y desarroll

Bases des connaissances sur l'épidémiologie de Vibrio nigripulchritudo, agent étiologique du « Syndrome d'été » chez les crevettes d’élevage en Nouvelle-Calédonie

A new disease has been affecting the shrimp aquaculture industry of New Caledonia since 1998. This pathology leads to mass mortalities in summer and were therefore called « Summer Syndrome ». Though Vibrio nigripulchritudo, the putative etiological agent, can be isolated from almost any farming site, it causes severe mass mortalities in only one farm. This report is aimed at compiling the current knowledge on geographical distribution of this pathogen in New Caledonia, his epidemiology with regards to the « summer syndrome » and presents data on pathogenicity studies of a few selected strains. A few research perspectives are summarized at the end of the report.L’aquaculture de crevettes en Nouvelle-Calédonie rencontre depuis 1998 une nouvelle pathologie. Celle-ci se traduit par une mortalité au caractère estival marqué qui lui a valu le nom de « syndrome d’été ». Bien que l’agent pathogène identifié, la bactérie Vibrio nigripulchritudo, puisse être retrouvé sur la majorité des sites d’élevage, une seule ferme apparaît réellement affectée par cette maladie. Ce rapport fait le point des connaissances sur la répartition géographique de ce pathogène dans les sites d’élevage de crevettes, son épidémiologie dans le contexte du « Syndrome d’été » et présente des données sur l’étude du pouvoir pathogène de quelques souches. Il s’efforce ensuite de lister quelques pistes de recherche sur ce « Syndrome d’été »

Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Attitudes towards Research in Peruvian University Students

The affective, cognitive, and behavioral attitudes towards research in students of public and private universities in Peru were analyzed according to socio-academic variables. Methodology. 2448 university students from a public university and 4 private universities participated; intentional sampling was used. In addition, the study was descriptive-comparative, quantitative, and non-experimental. An adequately validated measurement instrument was applied to determine students' attitudes. Results. A moderate level was found in attitudes towards research in university students (mean = 77.06, standard deviation = 12.32, median = 77, ranges from 0 to 140) for both affective and cognitive attitudes found at moderate level observing some assessment of favorable attitude, however, in behavioral attitude the average was low, being valued as unfavorable attitude towards the research. &nbsp;It is concluded that university students according to the area of health sciences have better attitudes towards research than students of social sciences and engineering; in addition, students of public universities have better cognitive attitudes than private students, as well as are women who present better clarity in the behavioral and cognitive attitude than male students and are the students of the last cycles of study those who value and present a more extraordinary vocation for research than students of the first cycle

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe