The influence of semantic and phonological factors on syntactic decisions: An event-related brain potential study

During language production and comprehension, information about a word's syntactic properties is sometimes needed. While the decision about the grammatical gender of a word requires access to syntactic knowledge, it has also been hypothesized that semantic (i.e., biological gender) or phonological information (i.e., sound regularities) may influence this decision. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while native speakers of German processed written words that were or were not semantically and/or phonologically marked for gender. Behavioral and ERP results showed that participants were faster in making a gender decision when words were semantically and/or phonologically gender marked than when this was not the case, although the phonological effects were less clear. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that even though participants performed a grammatical gender decision, this task can be influenced by semantic and phonological factors

Trombosis de miembros inferiores: estudio comparativo entre ecografía duplex-doppler color y flebografía

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, 199

Effects of electromyostimulation on muscle and bone in men with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial

Objective: To study the effect of 14 weeks of electromyostimulation (EMS) training (47 minutes/day, 5 days/ week) on both muscle and bone loss prevention in persons with recent, complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Prospective, experimental, controlled, single-blind randomized trial with external blind evaluation by third parties. Methods: Eight men with recent SCI (8 weeks from injury; ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) "A") were randomized into the intervention or the control groups. Cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral density changes were assessed with a dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Several bone biomarkers (i.e. total testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-growth factor I, osteocalcin, serum type I collagen C-telopeptide), lipid, and lipoprotein profiles were quantified. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the 14-week training. All analyses were conducted at the beginning and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in QF muscle size when compared with the control group. Bone losses were similar in both groups. Basal levels of bone biomarkers did not change over time. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Glucose and insulin peaks moved forward after the training in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study indicates that skeletal muscle of patients with complete SCI retains the ability to grow in response to a longitudinal EMS training, while bone does not respond to similar external stimulus. Increases in muscle mass might have induced improvements in whole body insulin-induced glucose uptake.1.333 JCR (2014) Q4, posición 152 de 192 (Clinical Neurology)UE

Plot of the volume (a-f), circularity form factor (g-k), and thickness (l) for the twelve studied cases; regression equation, correlation significance, and regression lines that fits the data are displayed.

<p>Hemispheric correlation (right and left) are shown in top, for MRI study. Correlation between MRI and histological measurements are shown at bottom, for right hemisphere. GM: Grey matter; WM: White matter; A: Amygdala; Hp: Hippocampus; LV: Lateral ventricle; TL: Temporal lobe; Th: Thickness (entorhinal cortex).</p

Size descriptors plot of the piamater, white matter, amygdala, hippocampus and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle by age group (LT and GT), in both MRI and histological studies, and for both right and left hemispheres.

<p>Data are mean and standard deviation.</p

Study cases.

<p>Case indicates the anonymous ordinal number of autopsy. M, man; W, woman. Age’s group: LT (lower than), less or equal to 65 years; GT (greater than), 65 years.</p><p>* (asterisk): the two cases marked (with alcoholism) did not differ in results with respect to other cases, without significant changes in results.</p><p>Study cases.</p

Plot of the size descriptors for the piamater, white matter, amygdala, hippocampus and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle sorted by groups of age (LT, lower than 65 years, and GT, greater than 65 years, see text) in both MRI and histological studies, as well as for both right and left hemispheres.

<p>Data represent mean and standard deviation.</p