Configuraciones eficientes de cables en puentes atirantados según análisis de sensibilidad de su comportamiento aeroelástico

En el presente artículo se estudian diversas configuraciones de cables para puentes atirantados de gran vano en función de su comportamiento frente al fenómeno de flameo. Como criterio para elegir la configuración de mayor eficiencia se han realizado varios análisis de sensibilidad de los parámetros aeroelásticos estudiando, cómo cambia la velocidad crítica de viento, con la que se produce la inestabilidad por flameo, así como la frecuencia de oscilación, cuando se modifican las propiedades mecánicas del tablero. Finalmente, a partir de la colección de resultados obtenidos se decide la mejor disposición de cables para varias longitudes del vano principal.Peer Reviewe

El impacto del turismo de masas en las Islas Canarias en el contexto de las reservas mundiales de la biosfera

Canarias es uno de los destinos turísticos principales de Europa. El Archipiélago recibió en 2015 más de 13 millones de turistas y todo ello en un territorio muy limitado (7.4 mil km2 y una población de 2.1 millones). Las dimensiones de estas cifras adquieren relevancia en un contexto donde el 63 % de la superficie de las Islas ha sido declarada Reserva Mundial de la Biosfera. Se estudia aquí pues, el impacto del turismo –así como algunas alternativas en aras de paliar dicho impacto–, en las cinco islas que han sido declaradas en su integridad como tales, partiendo de sus particularidades

Solvent-catalyst optimization of ionic liquid-based CO2 conversion to propylene carbonate: Laboratory validation and techno-economic analysis

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely suggested as efficient catalysts to produce propylene carbonate (PC) from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO). Recently, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been proposed to efficiently separate ILs from PC since it reduces energy consumption, with fatty alcohols when selecting hydrophobic ILs. However, the study of this reaction-separation system at experimental level is scarce. In addition, the solventcatalyst system design to improve the global process performance is a current challenge. This work develops an integrated experimental-computational multiscale approach to improve the PC production process by CO2 cycloaddition to PO using the IL [P66614][Br] as catalyst. Reaction yield and liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were carried out for the experimental validation of the proposed catalytic/separation systems using different solvents (fatty alcohol and water). Process modelling and techno-economic analysis were performed using Aspen Plus for solvent-catalyst optimization, proceeding with an integrated iterative experimentalcomputational approach to decrease energy requirements and operating costs. It was found that the presence of solvents in the reaction affects conversion and selectivity of the reaction, with fatty alcohols increasing PC yield and enabling IL/PC separation, while water reduces PC selectivity. On the other hand, the presence of water in the process allows reducing electricity demands as well as vacuum requirements. It was possible to modulate fatty alcohol and water dosages to minimize energy consumption, vacuum requirements and utility costs. Optimal configurations have an energy consumption of approximately 0.6 kWh/kgPC and utility costs of 6.6 $/tPCThe authors are grateful to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ of Spain (project TED2021-129803A-I00) and Comunidad de Madrid (project P2018/EMT4348) for financial support and Centro de Computacion ´ Científica de la Universidad Autonoma ´ de Madrid for computational facilities. E. Hern´ andez thanks Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for awarding an FPU grant FPU20/03198. A. Belinchon ´ also thank thanks Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for awarding him FPI grant PRE2021–097533. R. Santiago thanks Ministerio Universidades for his Margarita Salas contract (CA1/RSUE/2021–00585

Success versus failure: Efficient heat devices in thermodynamics

J.G.A. acknowledges financial support from University of Salamanca, with Contract No. 0218 463AB01, and A.M. and J.A.W. under Contract No. 18.KB.YF/463A.C.01.[EN]Classical equilibrium thermodynamics provides, in a general way, upper Carnot bounds for the performance of energy converters. Nevertheless, to suggest lower bounds is a much more subtle issue, especially when they are related to a definition of convenience. Here, this issue is investigated in a unified way for heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. First, irreversibilities are weighted in the context of heat reservoir stability for irreversible engines by using the thermodynamic distance between minimum energy and maximum entropy steady states. Some stability coefficients can be related to a majorization process and the obtention of Pareto fronts, linking stability and optimization by means of efficiency and entropy due to correlations between system and reservoirs. Second, these findings are interpreted in a very simple context. A region where the heat device is efficient is defined in a general scheme and, below this zone, the heat device is inefficient in the sense that irreversibilities somehow dominate its behavior. These findings allow for a clearer understanding of the role played by some well-known figures of merit in the scope of finite-time and -size optimization. Comparison with experimental results is provided

Biocarbonates Derived from CO2 and Terpenes: Molecular Design for Aqueous Mixture Treatment Driven by COSMO-RS

In this work, the use of plant-derived raw materials, such as terpenes, gives great strength from a sustainability perspective and enables dealing with the biocarbonate concept. Biocarbonates are produced only from CO2and residues or bio-derived compounds, describing cycloaddition reactions that couple CO2and a terpene, the latter after epoxidation, avoiding environmental charges from petroleum-derived epoxides. In this work, a comprehensive database (derived from 30 terpenes) accounting bioepoxides and corresponding biocarbonates was developed, by means of molecular simulation. Optimized structures realized by the DFT method allow using a priori tools to scan the possible applications of this new class of sustainable solvents. Using a COnductor-like Screening Model for Realistic Solvents, different biocarbonates were evaluated for their physical properties and capacity to remove value-Added or contaminant solutes from aqueous mixtures, namely, furfural, phenolic compounds, and volatile fatty acids. It was found that biocarbonates derived from terpenes generally present a higher affinity for solutes in comparison with neat terpenes. Indeed, biocarbonates allowed achieving the recovery of 99% of phenol, 98% of furfural, and 87% of acetic acid, also pointing to an advantageous scenario of higher boiling points and densities and comparable solvent losses in the aqueous phase to terpenesThe authors are grateful to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (projects PID2020-118259RB-I00 and PDC2021- 120881-I00) and Comunidad de Madrid (project P2018/ EMT4348) for financial support and Centro de Computación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for computational facilities. E.H. thanks Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for awarding an FPU grant FPU20/03198. R.S. thanks Ministerio Universidades for his Margarita Salas contract (CA1/RSUE/2021-00585

SISTEMA PARA EL ACCESO A SERVICIOS EN ÁREAS UBICUAS ORIENTADO A PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD MOTRIZ (SYSTEM FOR ACCESS TO SERVICES IN AREAS UBIQUITOUS ORIENTED PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES MOTRIZ)

En este artículo se presenta el diseño y desarrollo de un sistema basado en la integración de diferentes tecnologías relacionadas con el paradigma del cómputo ubicuo. La aplicación de este paradigma permite a personas con discapacidad motriz mejorar su calidad de vida, a partir de la manipulación de servicios disponibles en diferentes áreas ubicuas. El objetivo del desarrollo del sistema es que sea usable y factible, para el caso de la usabilidad se hace uso de la metodología Diseño Centrado en el Usuario y para la factibilidad se emplea tecnología a bajo costo. La arquitectura del sistema se basa en SEDINU (SErvice DIscovery for Nomadic Users). Para las pruebas de usabilidad heurísticas y test de usuario se montó un área ubicua con tres servicios disponibles (dos lámparas y un ventilador), donde los evaluadores probaron el funcionamiento del sistema. En conclusión, en base a los resultados el sistema es usable.This article presents the design and development of a system based on the integration of different technologies related to the paradigm of ubiquitous computing. The application of this paradigm allows people with motor disabilities to improve their quality of life, from the manipulation of services available in different ubiquitous areas. The objective of the development of the system is that it is usable and feasible, for the case of usability the use of the User Centered Design methodology is used and for the feasibility technology is used at low cost. The architecture of the system is based on SEDINU (SErvice DIscovery for Nomadic Users). For the heuristic usability tests and the user test, a ubiquitous area with three available services (two lamps and a fan) was set up, where the evaluators tested the system's operation. In conclusion based on the results the system is usable

Red Consultiva Artesanal fase dos, V16

Este documento contiene diferentes aspectos para la generación de una red consultiva artesanal propuesta por Fundación con Causa Azul. El objetivo principal del proyecto es la generación de un sitio web que sirva como soporte para la red consultiva, en el cual se otorgue información y ofrezca un espacio de diálogo y reflexión referente al sector artesanal.ITESO, A.C.Fundación con Causa Azul, A. C

Resiliencia. Diferencias entre estudiantes universitarios y jóvenes trabajadores

Objective. To compare the levels of resilience between university and young workers, as well as between men and women, and to identify possible relationships of this variable with the age of the participants. Method. This was a correlational study with transversal-correlational design. The sample was incidental and was made up of 188 people between 18 to 27 years old. At the time of the study, 138 of the participants were pursuing an undergraduate major in the university and 50 of them were workers. To measure the study variable, the Resilience Scale was used in its translated and adapted version to Spanish. Results. The main finding is that university students obtain significantly higher scores than workers, both in the total resilience test (t(186) = -3.98, p = 0.000, d = 0.65) and in the two dimensions that compose it, Personal competence (t(186) = -4.45, p = 0.000, d = 0.73) and Acceptance of self and life (t(186) = -2.23, p = 0.026, d = 0.36). Conclusion. The general conclusion indicates that a higher level of education could be considered a protective factor against adversity, as it is related to greater resilience.Objetivo. Comparar los niveles de resiliencia entre jóvenes universitarios y jóvenes trabajadores, e identificarposibles relaciones de dicha variable con la edad de los participantes. Método. La muestra, de tipo incidental,estuvo conformada por 188 jóvenes, cuya edad oscilaba entre los 18 y los 27 años. Al momento del estudio,138 cursaban una carrera profesional universitaria y 50 eran trabajadores. Para medir la variable del estudiose utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia traducida y adaptada al español. Resultados. El principal hallazgo es que losjóvenes universitarios obtienen puntajes significativamente mayores que los trabajadores, tanto en el total de la prueba de resiliencia (t(186) = -3.98, p = 0.000, d = 0.65) como en las dos dimensiones que la componen,Competencia personal (t(186) = -4.45, p = 0.000, d = 0.73) y Aceptación de sí mismo y de la vida (t(186) =-2.23, p = 0.026, d = 0.36). Conclusión. Un mayor nivel de estudios podría considerarse un factor protectorante la adversidad, al relacionarse con una mayor resiliencia

Resiliencia. Diferencias entre estudiantes universitarios y jóvenes trabajadores

Objetivo. Comparar los niveles de resiliencia entre jóvenes universitarios y jóvenes trabajadores, e identificar posibles relaciones de dicha variable con la edad de los participantes. Método. La muestra, de tipo incidental, estuvo conformada por 188 jóvenes, cuya edad oscilaba entre los 18 y los 27 años. Al momento del estudio, 138 cursaban una carrera profesional universitaria y 50 eran trabajadores. Para medir la variable del estudio se utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia traducida y adaptada al español. Resultados. El principal hallazgo es que los jóvenes universitarios obtienen puntajes significativamente mayores que los trabajadores, tanto en el total de la prueba de resiliencia (t (186) = -3.98, p = 0.000, d = 0.65) como en las dos dimensiones que la componen, Competencia personal (t (186) = -4.45, p = 0.000, d = 0.73) y Aceptación de sí mismo y de la vida (t (186) = -2.23, p = 0.026, d = 0.36). Conclusión. Un mayor nivel de estudios podría considerarse un factor protector ante la adversidad, al relacionarse con una mayor resiliencia

El proyecto ERASMUS+ ELIT-in: “Integración de los deportistas de élite al mercado laboral”

ELIT-in project was created with the aim of promoting and supporting the development of transversal skills in elite athletes to prepare them in the workplace they will face once their sports career is over. Based on the Delphi method, 110 soft skills were identified, which were reviewed by a group of experts who determined seven transversal competences that can be transferred to the labour market and that are recognized by employers as relevant. These competencies are: Communication, Entrepreneurship skills, Work ethics, Conflict resolution skills, Negotiation skills, Teamwork and Time management. For it, an e-Learning Training Program called “ELIT-in A Path to the Future” has been created (https://www.elit-in.net/). This program can be integrated into non-formal education during the career of elite athletes. Currently 176 athletes are taking the courses on the platform “ELIT-in A road to the future”. Finally, a series of possible guidelines are proposed for the different agents to adopt, both public and privateEl proyecto ELIT-in nace con el objetivo de promover y apoyar el desarrollo de competencias transversales en los deportistas de élite para prepararlos al ámbito labo-ral al que se enfrentarán una vez terminada su carrera deportiva. Con base en el método Delphi se identifica-ron 110 habilidades blandas, las cuales fueron revisadas por un grupo de expertos, quienes determinaron siete competencias transversales que pueden ser transferi-das al mercado laboral y que son reconocidas por los empresarios como relevantes. Dichas competencias son: Comunicación, Habilidades de emprendimiento, Ética en el trabajo, Habilidades en la resolución de conflictos, Habilidades de negociación, Trabajo en equipo y Ges-tión del tiempo. Para ello, se ha creado un Programa de Formación e-Learning llamado “ELIT-in A road to the future” (https://www.elit-in.net/), el cual puede inte-grarse en la educación no formal durante la carrera de los deportistas de élite. Actualmente 176 deportistas se encuentran realizando los cursos dentro de la platafor-ma “ELIT-in A road to the future”. Finalmente se propo-ne la adopción de una serie de pautas posibles para los distintos agentes, tanto públicos como privadosActividad Física y Deport