657 research outputs found
Rapid TeV variability in Blazars as result of Jet-Star Interaction
We propose a new model for the description of ultra-short flares from TeV
blazars by compact magnetized condensations (blobs), produced when red giant
stars cross the jet close to the central black hole. Our study includes a
simple dynamical model for the evolution of the envelope lost by the star in
the jet, and its high energy nonthermal emission through different leptonic and
hadronic radiation mechanisms. We show that the fragmented envelope of the star
can be accelerated to Lorentz factors up to 100 and radiate effectively the
available energy in gamma-rays predominantly through proton synchrotron
radiation or external inverse Compton scattering of electrons. The model can
readily explain the minute-scale TeV flares on top of longer (typical
time-scales of days) gamma-ray variability as observed from the blazar PKS
2155-304. In the framework of the proposed scenario, the key parameters of the
source are robustly constrained. In the case of proton synchrotron origin of
the emission a mass of the central black hole of , a total jet power of and a Doppler factor, of the gamma-ray emitting blobs, of
are required. Whilst for the external inverse Compton model,
parameters of
, and the are required.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, Submitted to Ap
Stochastic model of optical variability of BL Lacertae
We use optical photometric and polarimetric data of BL Lacertae that cover a
period of 22 years to study the variability of the source. The long-term
observations are employed for establishing parameters of a stochastic model
consisting of the radiation from a steady polarized source and a number of
variable components with different polarization parameters, proposed by
Hagen-Thorn et al. earlier. We infer parameters of the model from the
observations using numerical simulations based on a Monte Carlo method, with
values of each model parameter selected from a Gaussian distribution. We
determine the best set of model parameters by comparing model distributions to
the observational ones using the chi-square criterion. We show that the
observed photometric and polarimetric variability can be explained within a
model with a steady source of high polarization, ~40%, and with direction of
polarization parallel to the parsec scale jet, along with 10+-5 sources of
variable polarization.Comment: 4 pages, 10 figures, published by Astronomy and Astrophysics; v2:
typos correcte
The Outburst of the Blazar AO 0235+164 in 2006 December: Shock-in-Jet Interpretation
We present the results of polarimetric ( band) and multicolor photometric
() observations of the blazar AO 0235+16 during an outburst in 2006
December. The data reveal a short timescale of variability (several hours),
which increases from optical to near-IR wavelengths; even shorter variations
are detected in polarization. The flux density correlates with the degree of
polarization, and at maximum degree of polarization the electric vector tends
to align with the parsec-scale jet direction. We find that a variable component
with a steady power-law spectral energy distribution and very high optical
polarization (30-50%) is responsible for the variability. We interpret these
properties of the blazar withina model of a transverse shock propagating down
the jet. In this case a small change in the viewing angle of the jet, by
, and a decrease in the shocked plasma compression by a factor of
1.5 are sufficient to account for the variability.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, accepted for Ap
Multiwavelength Observations of the Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 0528+134 in Quiescence
We present multiwavelength observations of the ultraluminous blazar-type
radio loud quasar PKS 0528+134 in quiescence during the period July to December
2009. Significant flux variability on a time scale of several hours was found
in the optical regime, accompanied by a weak trend of spectral softening with
increasing flux. We suggest that this might be the signature of a contribution
from the accretion disk at the blue end of the optical spectrum. The optical
flux is weakly polarized with rapid variations of the degree and direction of
polarization, while the polarization of the 43 GHz radio core remains steady.
Optical spectropolarimetry suggests a trend of increasing degree of
polarization with increasing wavelength, providing additional evidence for an
accretion disc contribution towards the blue end of the optical spectrum. We
constructed four SEDs indicating that even in the quiescent state, the
bolometric luminosity of PKS 0528+134 is dominated by its gamma-ray emission. A
leptonic single-zone jet model produced acceptable fits to the SEDs with
contributions to the high-energy emission from synchrotron self-Compton
radiation and Comptonization of direct accretion disk emission. Fit parameters
close to equipartition were obtained. The moderate variability on long time
scales implies the existence of on-going particle acceleration, while the
observed optical polarization variability seems to point towards a turbulent
acceleration process. Turbulent particle acceleration at stationary features
along the jet therefore appears to be a viable possibility for the quiescent
state of PKS 0528+134.Comment: Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal. -
Acknowledgement adde
The first IRAM/PdBI polarimetric millimeter survey of active galactic nuclei. II. Activity and properties of individual sources
We present an analysis of the linear polarization of six active galactic
nuclei - 0415+379 (3C~111), 0507+179, 0528+134 (OG+134), 0954+658, 1418+546
(OQ+530), and 1637+574 (OS+562). Our targets were monitored from 2007 to 2011
in the observatory-frame frequency range 80-253 GHz, corresponding to a
rest-frame frequency range 88-705 GHz. We find average degrees of polarization
m_L ~ 2-7%; this indicates that the polarization signals are effectively
averaged out by the emitter geometries. We see indication for fairly strong
shocks and/or complex, variable emission region geometries in our sources, with
compression factors 10 deg. An
analysis of correlations between source fluxes and polarization parameter
points out special cases: the presence of (at least) two distinct emission
regions with different levels of polarization (for 0415+379) as well as
emission from a single, predominant component (for 0507+179 and 1418+546).
Regarding the evolution of flux and polarization, we find good agreement
between observations and the signal predicted by "oblique shock in jet"
scenarios in one source (1418+546). We attempt to derive rotation measures for
all sources, leading to actual measurements for two AGN and upper limits for
three sources. We derive values of RM = -39,000 +/- 1,000 (stat) +/- 13,000
(sys) rad/m^2 and RM = 420,000 +/- 10,000 (stat) +/- 110,000 (sys) rad/m^2 for
1418+546 and 1637+574, respectively; these are the highest values reported to
date for AGN. These values indicate magnetic field strengths of the order
~0.0001 G. For 0415+379, 0507+179, and 0954+658 we derive upper limits |RM| <
17,000 rad/m^2. From the relation |RM| ~ nu^a we find a = 1.9 +/- 0.3 for
1418+546, in good agreement with a = 2 as expected for a spherical or conical
outflow.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Accepted by Astronomy and
Astrophysics. Minor language editing, one missing reference (Macquart et al.
2006) adde
Multiwavelength observations of the blazar BL Lacertae: a new fast TeV Îł-ray flare
Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017), Busan (South Korea). Published in Proceeding of Science.Observations of fast TeV Îł-ray flares from blazars reveal the extreme compactness of emitting regions in blazar jets. Combined with very-long-baseline radio interferometry measurements, they probe the structure and emission mechanism of the jet. We report on a fast TeV Îł-ray flare from BL Lacertae observed by VERITAS, with a rise time of about 2.3 hours and a decay time of about 36 minutes. The peak flux at >200 GeV measured with the 4-minute binned light curve is (4.2±0.6)Ă10â6photonsmâ2sâ1, or âŒ180% the Crab Nebula flux. Variability in GeV Îł-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization was observed around the time of the TeV Îł-ray flare. A possible superluminal knot was identified in the VLBA observations at 43 GHz. The flare constrains the size of the emitting region, and is consistent with several theoretical models with stationary shocks
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