Management of Open Fracture

Open fractures are common and their prevalence is increasing in elderly people. The burden of open fractures is high because of economic and social costs. Most open fractures occur in lower limbs. The use of validated protocols, will optimize our outcomes when treating open fractures. The first step began with the proper identification of the fracture characteristics and the hidden soft tissue injury. The use of an adequate and early antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory and then, we have to perform adequate irrigation and debridement. Finally, we have to decide to temporally fix the fracture or proceed with the definitive fixation method. Recently, the creation of dedicated “orthoplastic” units has increased the outcomes in high-energy tibial fractures. These fractures should be managed in adequate trauma centers that should be used to face all the complications that will appear during the reconstruction procedure because complications can be as high as 50% in high-energy open fractures

Plasmid flux in Escherichia coli ST131 sublineages, analyzed by plasmid constellation network (PLACNET), a new method for plasmid reconstruction from whole genome sequences

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Bacterial whole genome sequence (WGS) methods are rapidly overtaking classical sequence analysis. Many bacterial sequencing projects focus on mobilome changes, since macroevolutionary events, such as the acquisition or loss of mobile genetic elements, mainly plasmids, play essential roles in adaptive evolution. Existing WGS analysis protocols do not assort contigs between plasmids and the main chromosome, thus hampering full analysis of plasmid sequences. We developed a method (called plasmid constellation networks or PLACNET) that identifies, visualizes and analyzes plasmids in WGS projects by creating a network of contig interactions, thus allowing comprehensive plasmid analysis within WGS datasets. The workflow of the method is based on three types of data: assembly information (including scaffold links and coverage), comparison to reference sequences and plasmid-diagnostic sequence features. The resulting network is pruned by expert analysis, to eliminate confounding data, and implemented in a Cytoscape-based graphic representation. To demonstrate PLACNET sensitivity and efficacy, the plasmidome of the Escherichia coli lineage ST131 was analyzed. ST131 is a globally spread clonal group of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), comprising different sublineages with ability to acquire and spread antibiotic resistance and virulence genes via plasmids. Results show that plasmids flux in the evolution of this lineage, which is wide open for plasmid exchange. MOBF12/IncF plasmids were pervasive, adding just by themselves more than 350 protein families to the ST131 pangenome. Nearly 50% of the most frequent γ–proteobacterial plasmid groups were found to be present in our limited sample of ten analyzed ST131 genomes, which represent the main ST131 sublineages.Work was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (BFU2011-26608 to FdlC, FIS-PI09/01273 and AGL2013-47852-R to JB and FIS-PI12-01581 and CB06/02/0053 to TMC), by the European Seventh Framework Program (612146/FP7-ICT-2013-10 to FdlC and 282004/FP7-HEALTH-2011-2.3.1-2 to FdlC and TMC); by Red Española de Investigación en Patología­ Infecciosa (REIPI RD06/0008/1018-1016) to JB, by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia and European Regional Development Fund, ERDF (CN2012/303 and EM2014/001) to JB and by the regional government of Madrid (PROMPT-S2010/BMD2414) to TMC. We are also grateful to the Spanish Network for the Study of Plasmids and Extrachromosomal Elements (REDEEX) for funding cooperation among Spanish microbiologists working on the biology of MGEs (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation BFU2011-14145-E).Peer Reviewe

A Dynamically Adaptable Image Processing Application Trading Off Between High Performance, Consumption and Dependability in Real Time

As embedded systems evolve, problems inherent to technology become important limitations. In less than ten years, chips will exceed the maximum allowed power consumption affecting performance, since, even though the resources available per chip are increasing, frequency of operation has stalled. Besides, as the level of integration is increased, it is difficult to keep defect density under control, so new fault tolerant techniques are required. In this demo work, a new dynamically adaptable virtual architecture (ARTICo3) to allow dynamic and context-aware use of resources is implemented in a high performance Wireless Sensor node (HiReCookie) to perform an image processing application

Efecto de la radiofrecuencia aguda y repetida a 2,45 GHz en la morfología de la glándula tiroides de rata

Non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz may modify the morphology and expression of genes that codify heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Fifty six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly (ten times in 2 weeks) for 30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell at different levels of non-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR), which was calculated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Using the immunohistochemistry technique, we studied the expression of HSP-90 protein and morphological changes in tissues thyroid gland. Ninety minutes after the radiation of the central and peripheral follicles increased in size while the peripheral wall thickness suffered a decrease in size with the highest SAR exposure. Twenty four hours after radiation central and peripheral follicles decrease in size with the SAR of 0.4 ± 12×10-3. Likewise with repeated exposure showed a decrease in the size of the follicles (peripheral and central). Morphological changes in the thyroid gland after radiation indicate acute or repeated stress adaptation in thyroid tissue in the hypothalamic-thyroi

La radiofrecuencia aguda y repetida a 2,45 GHz provoca incremento de la expresión de C-FOS en el hipotálamo

Non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz may modify the morphology and expression of genes that codify heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Fifty six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly (ten times in 2 weeks) for 30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell at different levels of non thermal specific absorption rate (SAR), which was calculated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Using the immunohistochemistry technique, we studied the expression of HSP-90 protein and morphological changes in tissues thyroid gland. Ninety minutes after the radiation of the central and peripheral follicles increased in size while the peripheral wall thickness suffered a decrease in size with the highest SAR exposure. Twenty four hours after radiation central and peripheral follicles decrease in size with the SAR of 0.4 ± 12×10-3. Likewise with repeated exposure showed a decrease in the size of the follicles (peripheral and central). Morphological changes in the thyroid gland after radiation indicate acute or repeated stress adaptation in thyroid tissue in the hypothalamic-thyroid

Codificación en gnu linux zentyal

0Mediante la implementación y configuración de un servidor Zentyal, Server aplicamos de manera particular procesos que solucionan problemáticas puntuales en donde a través de configuración determinadas y sus respectivas pruebas solucionamos su funcionamiento idóneo en función de un entorno de red corporativo.By deploying and configuring a Zentyal server, Server applies in a particular way processes that solve specific problems where through certain configuration and their respective tests we solve their ideal operation based on a corporate network environment

Synchronization of the estrous during a short period, using a low dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in primiparous and multiparous ewes

Objective: To evaluate the effect of reducing the synchronized luteum phase and of applying eCG on reproductive response variables and hormone profile in primiparous and multiparous ewes. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial array. Eight-one ewes were divided by their reproductive activity: primiparous (n=38) and multiparous (n=43). The percentage of presentation of estrus and pregnancy were analyzed with a c2 test. The estrus onset and duration for an analysis of variance and the Tukey test of comparison of means. The P4 concentration was performed using the PROC MIXED procedure, which included fixed effects of the treatment and day and the interaction of the two. Results: The response in estrus presentation was not different between treatments, however; the onset and duration of estrus were affected by physiological state and the synchronized luteum phase. P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes than in multiparous ewes. There were no differences in pregnancy rate or prolificity by principal effects. Limitations on study/implications: The estrus onset and duration varied by effects of the reproductive physiological status and the duration of the synchronized luteum phase (6 and 12 d), Therefore, it must be taken into account when artificial insemination is performed at a fixed time. Findings/conclusions: The combination of cronolone sponges with 100 IU eCG during short (6 d) are effective for the synchronization of estrous. The P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes, but this was not determinant for increasing gestation and prolificity in treated ewes.Objective: To evaluate the reduction effect of the synchronized luteal phase and the eCG application in the reproductive variables and hormone profile response of primiparous and multiparous ewes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The experimental design was completely random, with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Based on their reproductive activity, the 81 specimens were divided into primiparous (n=38) and multiparous (n=43) ewes. The estrous and pregnancy stages were analyzed using the c2 test. An analysis of variance and the Tukey’s mean comparison test were used to determine the start and the duration of the estrous. P4 concentration was measured using the PROC MIXED which influenced the fixed effects of the treatment and the day, as well as their interaction. Results: There was no difference between treatments, regarding the occurrence of the estrous; however, its start and duration were not impacted by the physiological state and the synchronized luteal phase. P4 concentrations in plasm were higher in primiparous ewes than in multiparous ewes. The main effects did not impact the pregnancy and the prolificity rates. Study Limitations/Implications: The variation in the start and the duration of the estrous was caused by the physiological reproductive state and the duration of the synchronized luteal phase (6 and 12 days). Therefore, these effects should be taken into account when the artificial insemination takes place at a fixed period. Finding/Conclusions: The combination of the cronolone sponges with 100 UI of eCG during short periods (6 days) effectively synchronizes the estrous. P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes, although these concentrations were not a determining factor in the increase of pregnancy and prolificity

Col·leccions singulars a les biblioteques de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Les biblioteques de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona són, com la mateixa institució, entitats amb una història curta; però, malgrat que van començar la seva activitat fa menys de cinquanta anys, els seus fons han assolit una importància considerable i superen en quantitat els de moltes universitats centenàries del nostre context. Les col·leccions de fons antics de les biblioteques de la UAB són, per aquesta mateixa raó, limitades, si bé se n'han anat creant algunes d'especialitzades d'importància i valor singulars. Aquest llibre pretén donar-les a conèixer al món universitari, però també al públic en general. Moltes són col·leccions úniques, fruit del treball persistent del personal bibliotecari, del professorat i de la generositat de moltes persones particulars, que han donat o llegat a la nostra universitat els seus arxius, les seves biblioteques personals o les seves col·leccions especialitzades. Aquestes col·leccions comprenen molts àmbits de les ciències i de les humanitats i, molt sovint, es tracta de col·leccions úniques al nostre país. Hi trobareu també un ampli ventall de tipologies documentals en llengües diverses, des dels mapes fins als audiovisuals, des de les revistes i diaris fins als cartells, des dels fons antics fins als més actuals, arxius personals i fons institucionals. Les biblioteques de la Universitat, a més d'inventariar i catalogar aquests fons documentals, també porten a terme una tasca constant de preservació i difusió, que sovint inclou la digitalització dels documents, que després es posen a l'abast del públic general mitjançant el dipòsit digital institucional (ddd.uab.cat)