Evaluation of draw solutions and commercially available forward osmosis membrane modules for wastewater reclamation at pilot scale

An intensive evaluation of draw solutions (DS) was performed by focusing on the wastewater reuse applications of hybrid forward osmosis (FO) processes. The substances studied were potassium formate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium polyacrylate and polyethylene glycol, and their osmotic pressure, conductivity, pH, thermostability, sunlight exposure, toxicity, FO filtration performance and replenishment costs were determined. Additionally, commercially available FO membrane modules were evaluated at pilot scale. The results revealed that the most relevant DS properties for wastewater reuse under the studied conditions were the DS regeneration method, DS replacement price, pH adjustment and toxicity. These properties were shown to be more relevant than filtration flux when a maximum DS osmotic pressure value of 10 bar was used. This was the limit for efficient DS recovery. When the different FO membranes were compared, thin-film composite (TFC) flat-sheet membranes showed the highest flux and the highest salt rejection, and the lowest permeability and salt rejection values were presented by cellulose triacetate (CTA) hollow fibre membranes. Based on the information obtained, a TFC-FO/nanofiltration (NF) demonstration plant will be constructed next to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in San Pedro del Pinatar, in the region of Murcia (Spain). This represents the world's first FO demonstration plant for municipal wastewater reclamation and its results will allow this technology to be evaluated for wastewater reuse for agricultural purpose

Long-term evaluation of a forward osmosis-nanofiltration demonstration plant for wastewater reuse in agriculture

Hybrid forward osmosis (FO) processes such as forward osmosis with membrane bioreactors (FO-MBR), electrodialysis (FO-ED), nanofiltration (FO-NF) or reverse osmosis (FO-RO) present promising technologies for wastewater reuse in agriculture as they meet high effluent quality requirements, especially regarding boron and/or salt content. An FO-NF demonstration plant for this application was built and operated treating 3 m3 h−1 of real wastewater with a salinity of 3-5 mS cm−1 and 1.5 mg L−1 of boron in continuous mode for 480 days. Three draw solutions (DS) were evaluated in different periods of experimentation. Sodium polyacrylate led to reversible fouling on the FO and NF membranes and the permeate was not suitable for irrigation. Magnesium sulphate, used as DS in a second phase, generated severe irreversible fouling on NF membranes and therefore it was discarded. Finally, magnesium chloride showed the best performance, with FO-NF membranes presenting a stable permeability and low membrane fouling during long-term operation. The FO-NF permeate showed high quality for irrigation, achieving a conductivity value of 1 mS cm−1, a boron concentration below 0.4 mg L−1 and an average SAR of 1.98 (mequ L−1)0.5. DS replacement costs were reduced by working with high rejection NF membranes. However, energy consumption costs associated with the NF step make the global process more energy intensive than conventional technology.

Plan gallego de hospitalización a domicilio. Estrategia HADO 2019-2023

Documento estratéxico que pretende potenciar e consolidar a hospitalización a domicilio como un modelo asistencial do Servizo Galego de Saúde e garantir o seu desenvolvemento nos próximos seis anos, establecendo criterios homoxéneos de atención coa finalidade de normalizar os modelos asistenciais, carteira de servizos e fluxos de traballo para asegurar una asistencia sanitaria de calidadeDocumento estratégico que pretende potenciar y consolidar la hospitalización a domicilio como un modelo asistencial del Servicio Gallego de Salud y garantizar su desarrollo en los próximos seis años, estableciendo criterios homogéneos de atención con la finalidad de normalizar los modelos asistenciales, cartera de servicios y flujos de trabajo para asegurar una asistencia sanitaria de calida

El ciclo del cine: un nuevo método de innovación educativa y recurso de aprendizaje en la docencia de las asignaturas de Economía

SIN FINANCIACIÓNNo data 200

Procedimiento de recuperación de energía con mezcla de corrientes de osmosis inversa

Procedimiento de recuperación de energía con mezcla de corrientes de ósmosis inversa procedentes de una operación de ósmosis inversa de dos pasos de una instalación desalinizadora de agua de mar, que comprende las etapas de selección de una primera corriente (3) de alta salinidad, selección de una segunda corriente (4) de baja salinidad, alimentación de una celda (1) de electrodiálisis inversa (EDR) con ambas corrientes y generación de energía eléctrica en la celda (1) EDR a partir del gradiente salino existente entre ambas corrientes, logrando una recuperación elevada de energía que se puede utilizar para alimentar la propia instalación de desalinización.Solicitud: 201930824 (24.09.2019)Nº Pub. de Solicitud: ES2814028A1 (25.03.2021)Nº de Patente: ES2814028B2 (04.08.2021

Dominance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in wine fermentations: secretion of antimicrobial peptides and microbial interactions

In present work we investigated the antagonistic effect by S. cerevisiae against several wine-related microbial species vis-à-vis the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)