GUÍA PARA EL ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS

It is considered that the territory of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia was inhabited by the population of the same ethnic and cultural identity. The process of romanization of population in the eastern part of Roman province of Dalmatia can be research through epigraphic material from gravestone and votive monuments, and morphological characteristics of gravestones.Prvi znaci vojno-političke i ekonomske faze romanizacije na istočnom delu rimske provincije Dalmacije mogu se uočiti od sredine I do sredine II veka. Posle toga, u epigrafskom kao i drugom arheološkom materijalu, vidljiv je veći stepen romanizacije, ne samo vojno-političkog i ekonomskog tipa, već šire, uključujući socijalne faktore stanovništva kroz rimske standarde života i kulture. Prvi podaci o domorodačkom stanovništvu u procesu romanizacije odnose se na dva epigrafska nalaza iz period prve polovine i sredine II veka, sa područja Skelana i Pljevalja. Oba nalaza, iako nisu hronološki identična upućuju na to da je domorodačko stanovništvo na ovim područjima bilo uključeno od perioda Hadrijana u rimske standarde dobijanjem prava građanstva, i da je plemenska aristokratija predstavljala u tom smislu prvu kariku u sprovođenju socijalno – političke romanizacije kroz oblike nemunicipalnih i municipalnih funkcija. Mehanizam socijalno-političke romanizacije odvijao se postepeno, sprovođenjem urbanizacije kao potpune novine rimskog standarda života i raspadanjem starih rodovsko-plemenskih organizacija, za koje se još uvek ne zna u kom hronološkom rasponu ili kojom brzinom su slabile i nestajale. Na određenim područjima, odnosno mikroregijama određenih oblasti, ovi procesi su se odvijali sukcesivno. Analiza epigrafskog materijala pokazuje da se mogu pratiti dve grupe stanovništva. Jednu grupu, koja se može pratiti preko onomastičkih formula uglavnom dvočlanih, a retko tročlanih ili četvoročlanih, sa gentilicijem Aelius, čini domorodačko stanovništvo, dok drugu grupu sačinjava doseljeno stanovništvo koje je već bilo romanizovano na svojim matičnim područjima. Druga grupa stanovništva je uočljiva na području Pljevalja, kao doseljeno stanovništvo, najčešće ili najverovatnije uz Risna i Agruvium-a, koja se prema imenskoj nomenklaturi može okarakterisati kao mešovita grupa italskog, grčkog i ilirskog stanovništva. Analiza krvnog srodstva pokazuje da je doseljavanje ove grupe bilo organizovano ili vršeno u okviru porodica, od kojih su neke kao porodice Paconii i Cipii, bile u krvnom srodstvu, a druge, kao Gavienii i Statii, nastale prethodnim mešanjem putem bračnih veza domorodačkog i grčkog stanovništva primorskih oblasti provincije Dalmacije. Na području Rogatice može se uočiti da doseljenom stanovništvu pripada porodica Clemens, koja se od ranije pominje u Asseri-i. Što se tiče doseljenika sa područja Pljevalja, može se prema hronološkoj determinaciji sahranjivanja prvih članova ove grupe stanovništva u period druge četvrtine i sredine II veka pretpostaviti njihovo doseljavanje na teritoriju istočnog dela provincije Dalmacije najverovatnije u vreme Trajana. Takodje jedino na ovom području nalazimo i zadržavanje tj. ostatke starijih rodovskih oznaka na mestu gentilnih imena, kao što su Carvanius, Cambria, Cameria, Arguriana, Agregianus. U epigrafskom materijalu, pored već pominjanog stanovništva grčkog i italskog porekla, pominju se imena iz repertoara koji je Katičić označio kao grupu identičnu sa srednjedalmacijskim područjem. To su imena: Aplini, Andetia, Bazo, Besus, Carvus Calvus, Dasius, Dussona, Germano, Lautus, Lavius, Panto, Vendo Pinentia, Plator, Plares, Stataria, Statius, Scavenianus, Tata Turo, Turus, Testo, Tritano... Najčešće se ova imena javljaju na području Pljevalja i Prijepolja, ali su u manjoj meri uočljiva i na ostalim područjima istočnog dela provincije Dalmacije. Kao jedna od karakteristika sporog procesa romanizacije u okviru određenih društvenih slojeva ili grupa uočava se dugo zadržavanje konzervatizma. Ovo se ogleda u epigrafskom materijalu, gde se u onomastičkom materijalu mogu pratiti ostaci matrijarhata preko velikog broja ženskih imena u jednočlanim onomastičkim formulama, ili preko ženskih imena na mestu gde bi se inače nalazio patronimik. Reljefne predstave na nadgrobnim spomenicima, kao i nalazi nakita iz grobova iz okoline Požege i Rogatice, pokazuju da se sve do kraja III i početka IV v. zadržao tradicionalni način odevanja i ukrašavanje, naročito u ženskoj nošnji. Izvesni elementi ženske nošnje (marama sa puštenim krajevima) identični su onima iz središnjeg dela provincije Dalmacije, naročito okoline današnjeg Glamoča i Konjica. Ova činjenica, kao i pojava imena identična sa srednjedalmacijskim imeničkim područjem, ipak još uvek ne daje mogućnost da se da odgovor na pitanje da li se radi o doseljenom stanovništvu iz perioda vladavine Rimljana, ili o etnički srodnom ili identičnom stanovništvu naseljenom na ovim područjima još u predrimskom periodu?

Historia natural de la herniación de las membranas ovulares en mujeres en alto riesgo de parto prematuro espontáneo

Objetivo: Estudiar la historia natural de la herniación de las membranas ovulares en el segundo trimestre mediante ultrasonido transvaginal, y evaluar si esta herniación aumenta el riesgo de parto espontáneo. Métodos: Análisis secundario de un estudio multicéntrico, observacional, de mujeres con al menos un parto prematuro espontáneo previo entre las 16,0 y 31,9 semanas, quienes cursan subsecuentemente con una gestación única. Se midió la longitud cervical, la herniación de las membranas (prolapso mayor o igual a 5 mm), forma de la herniación y cambios dinámicos, entre las 16-18 semanas, y luego cada dos semanas hasta las 23,9 semanas. Los obstetras tratantes fueron ciegos al resultado de la ecografía. El resultado primario fue la edad gestacional al parto. Resultados: Se efectuaron 590 ecografías en 183 mujeres, de las cuales 60 (33%) tenían herniación de las membranas observado en al menos una de las evaluaciones seriadas. Estas 60 mujeres tuvieron el parto a una edad gestacional más temprana que las 123 mujeres sin herniación (31,7+7,9 semanas comparado con 36,9+4,4 semanas; p<0,001). En las 60 mujeres con herniación, en al menos una evaluación, la progresión de la herniación en forma de "Y" a una en forma de "V" y luego en forma de "U", se asoció a una menor edad gestacional al parto, mientras que la herniación con forma de "V" se asoció a parto de término. Mujeres con longitud cervical menores a 25 mm (n=60) tuvieron similar edad gestacional al parto independiente de la presencia de herniación de las membranas (30,6 + 8,0 semanas comparado con 31,9 + 6,6 semanas; p=0,59). Después de controlar por la menor longitud cervical observada, un mayor porcentaje de herniación de las membranas no resultó un factor de riesgo independiente. Conclusión: La historia natural de la herniación de las membranas en el segundo trimestre tiene una variabilidad significativa y una asociación significativa con menor edad gestacional al parto. Como un hallazgo independiente, la herniación no agrega un aumento apreciable al riesgo de menor edad gestacional al parto asociado a un cuello acortad

Manejo de la embarazada con isoinmunización por anticuerpos irregulares

La isoinmunización eritrocitaria feto-materna se define como la presencia de anticuerpos maternos dirigidos contra antígenos presentes en los glóbulos rojos fetales. Los anticuerpos maternos pueden atravesar la barrera placentaria y provocar hemólisis de los glóbulos rojos fetales produciendo anemia hemolítica e hiperbilirrubinemia, características de la enfermedad hemolítica perinatal (EHP). La principal causa de EHP es la incompatibilidad ABO, seguida de la isoinmunización por RhD; esta última ha disminuido su incidencia dado el amplio uso de inmunoglobulina anti D. Sin embargo, el glóbulo rojo tiene más de 400 antígenos, muchos de ellos (>50) capaces de producir isoinmunización y EHP. En este artículo, revisamos la evidencia y proponemos un algoritmo de manejo y seguimiento de las embarazadas con isoinmunización por anticuerpos irregulares. En la isoinmunización por anticuerpos irregulares, los títulos de anticuerpos maternos no se correlacionan con la gravedad de la enfermedad. La anemia en la EHP por anticuerpos anti-Kell es secundaria a una supresión de la eritroblastosis fetal a diferencia del resto de los sistemas que producen anemia hemolítica. Recomendamos efectuar tamizaje de todas las pacientes en el control prenatal, solicitando grupo sanguíneo, Rh y test de Coombs indirecto. En las pacientes Rh (+) con test de Coombs indirecto positivo es necesario identificar los anticuerpos irregulares. En caso de tener isoinmunización por anticuerpos irregulares con riesgo de EHP, derivar a una unidad de alto riesgo obstétrico para realizar seguimiento de la aparición de anemia fetal midiendo de modo seriado el peak sistólico de la arteria cerebral media. Si se detecta anemia fetal, debemos planificar una cordocentesis para confirmar el diagnóstico y tratar la anemia

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria en pacientes sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Marco de referenciadiferentes ensayos clínicos han mostrado que el efecto de las revascularizaciones y los procedimientos de angioplastia en el pronóstico del paciente, tiene sólo un efecto a corto plazo, mientras que la prevención secundaria (cambio de estilo de vida y tratamiento intensivo) mejora el pronóstico a largo plazo.Objetivoevaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones para prevención cardiovascular secundaria, de los pacientes sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea en el hospital universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, entre los años 2008 y 2010.Materiales y métodosestudio descriptivo, ambispectivo, cuya población estuvo conformada por 332 pacientes sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea atendidos entre enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010 en el servicio de hemodinamia del Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y vía telefónica. Las metas de control se basaron en las recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana del Corazón y el Colegio Americano de Cardiología.Resultados332 pacientes fueron sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea y 4 fueron excluidos del estudio por falta de datos. La presentación clínica más frecuente fue la angina inestable (32,93%). Sólo se contactaron 172 (52,43%) pacientes, de los cuales 77,4% eran hombres y 22,6% mujeres. Únicamente 6 (3,5%) cumplían con el 100% de las recomendaciones para la prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria y 17% cumplía menos del 50% de éstas.Conclusionesla experiencia en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá muestra un pobre cumplimiento de las metas de prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria.Contextdifferent clinical trials have shown that the effect of revascularization and angioplasty procedures in the prognosis of the patient has only a short-term effect, while secondary prevention (lifestyle change and intensive treatment) improves long-term prognosis.Objectiveto assess compliance with the recommendations for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, between 2008 and 2010.Materials and methodsa descriptive ambispective study, whose population was conformed by 332 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention seen between January 2008 and December 2010 in the service of hemodynamics of the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. The data collection was conducted by reviewing the medical records of the patients and by telephone. Control targets were based on the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology.Results332 patients underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization. 4 were excluded from the study due to lack of data. The most common clinical presentation was unstable angina (32.93%). Only 172 patients (52.43%) were contacted. From these, 77.4% were male and 22.6% female. Only 6 (3.5%) met 100% of the recommendations for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and 17% met less than 50% of these recommendations.Conclusionsthe experience in the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá shows a poor compliance with the goals of secondary prevention of coronary disease

Approach of Passive Filters using NSGA II in industrial installations: Part I

The optimization of passive filters in industrial systems has been presented by different computational methods. The objective of this paper is to develop a computational algorithm with NSGA II to select the configuration and design parameters of a set of passive filters for industrial installations. As a methodology, the optimization problem was addressed using three independent objective functions of innovative character for compensation of harmonics through passive filters as a multiobjective problem. The results were the computational solution to this problem that determines a set of Pareto optimal solutions (Frontier). In addition, the computational tool has several new features such as: calculates the parameters that characterize the filters, but also selects the type of configuration and the number of branches of the filter in each candidate bar according to a set of pre-established configurations according to PRODIST-M8 (Brazilian Standard) and IEEE 519-2014. Also determine solutions with good power quality indicators (THD, TDD and NPV) for several characteristic and non-characteristic scenarios of the system that allow to represent: daily variations of the load, and variations of system parameters and filters. It evaluates the cost of energy bills in an industrial power grid that has different operating conditions (characteristic scenarios) and evaluates the economic effect of harmonic filters as reactive power compensators

MANEJO INTRAPARTO DE EMBARAZADAS CON TRASTORNOS HEREDITARIOS DE LA COAGULACIÓN

Las coagulopatías hereditarias que afectan a mujeres jóvenes, representan un problema durante el embarazo, debido a que conllevan un aumento significativo en el riesgo de hemorragia durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Las alteraciones más frecuentes corresponden a la enfermedad de von Willebrand (1 a 2% de la población) y la hemofilia A (1/10.000 personas). Presentamos el caso clínico de una embarazada con antecedentes familiares de hemofilia A que controló su embarazo en nuestro centro; además entregamos una revisión sobre el tema coagulopatías hereditarias y embaraz

Toward a clinical practice guide in pharmacogenomics testing for functional polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Gene/drug pairs and barriers perceived in Spain

The development of clinica lpractice recommendations or guidelines for the clinical use of biomarkers is an issue of great importance withr regard to adverse drug reactions.The poten-tial of pharmacogenomicbiomarkers has been extensively investigated in recent years.However,several barriers to implementing the use of pharmacogenomics testing exist.We conducted a survey among members of the Spanish Societies of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology to obtain information about the perception of such barriers and to compare the perceptions of participants about the relative importance of majorgene/drug pairs.Of 11 potential barriers,the highest importance was attributed to lack of institutional support for pharmacogenomic stesting,and to the issues related to the lack of guidelines.Of the proposed gene/drug pairs the highest importance was assigned to HLA-B/abacavir, UGT1A1/irinotecan, and CYP2D6/tamoxifen.In this perspective article,we compare the relative importance of 29 gene/drugpairs in the Spanish study with that of the same pairs in the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic sstudy,and we provide suggestions and areas of focus to develop a guide for clinical practice in pharmacogenomics testingThe work in the author’s laboratory is financed by Grants PS09/00943, PS09/00469, RETICS RIRAAF RD07/0064/0016, and CIBERehd from Instituto de Salud CarlosIII,Madrid, Spain, and by Grants GR10068 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain. Financed in part with FEDER funds from the European Unio

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Background Sarcopenia in older adults is strongly associated with an increase in dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and with a decline in gait speed. Interestingly, gait speed has been shown to independently predict mortality. In this context, our study aimed to explore the mediator role of gait speed on the relationship between sarcopenia and dependency in ADL. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia, 19 705 older adults with a mean age of 70 years, 55.6% women, 16.1% with sarcopenia, and 14.7% mild, moderate, or severe dependency in ADL, according to ‘SABE Survey 2015’. Sarcopenia was assessed by calf circumference and ADL dependence through the Barthel Index. Gait speed was measured over a distance of 3 m. The association between sarcopenia condition and gait speed and dependency level was analysed by linear regression adjusted by covariates. To examine whether gait speed mediated the association between sarcopenia and dependence components of physical function, simple mediation models were generated using ordinary least squares with the macro PROCESS version 3.2, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in gait speed and dependency in ADL between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. BMI was significantly higher in the non-sarcopenia group whereas dependency was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (19.6% vs. 13.8%). Results from mediation model regression analysis indicated a significant and direct detrimental effect of sarcopenia on dependency in ADL (β = 0.05; P < 0.001), and a significant indirect effect of gait speed on the direct effect ( 0.009 to 0.004). Conclusions The negative effect of sarcopenia on functional dependence was mediated by the gait speed. Therefore, gait speed may positively influence the detrimental effect of sarcopenia for dependency, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Consequently, physical exercise should be promoted and focused to circumvent the gait speed decline associated with age in older people with sarcopenia