Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis in high secure services: An exploratory hermeneutic review of the international literature

Background: Mainstream psychological interventions may need adaptation in High Secure (HS) healthcare contexts to enable better recovery, safeguard the public and offer economic value. One specific psychological intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp), has an already proven efficacy in aiding recovery in non-forensic populations, yet its impact in HS settings has received considerably less research attention. Aims: This exploratory review catalogues CBTp approaches used in HS hospitals and appraises impact through the inclusion of both fugitive literature and peer reviewed research. Method: A pragmatic approach was utilized through an iterative literature search strategy and hermeneutic source analysis of the identified studies. Results: Fourteen studies were identified from HS contexts from within the UK and internationally. These included group, individual therapy and CBTp linked milieus. Conclusions: CBTp is an active component of treatment in HS contexts. Some modes of delivery seem to have greater levels of efficacy with more typical HS patients. The literature indicates key differences between HS and non-HS applied CBTp. Continued application and evaluation of CBTp in HS conditions is warranted

Effects of Sulfate Modification of Stoichiometric and Lithium-Rich LiNiO2 Cathode Materials

Lithium nickel oxide, LiNiO2, has attracted considerable interest as a high energy cathode for next generation lithium ion batteries. Nevertheless, shortcomings such as significant cycling capacity decay and low stability in ambient atmosphere have hindered its practical application, and consequently most work has focused on the more stable Mn and Co doped analogues Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2. Here, we report an investigation of an alternative strategy, sulfate modification, in the LiNiO2 (LNO) system. We show that improved performance can be achieved, attributed to the dual effect of a low level of bulk doping and the presence of a self-passivation Li2SO4 layer formed beyond the solid solution limit. Ab initio simulations suggest that the behavior is similar to that of other high valent dopants such as W and Mo. These dual effects contribute to the improved air stability and enhanced electrochemical performance for the sulfate modified lithium-rich LNO, leading to high initial capacities (~245 mAhg-1 at 25 mA/g, and ~205 mAhg-1 at 100 mA/g) and better capacity retention. Overall, the results show that polyanion modification represents an excellent alternative low cost strategy to improve the performance of lithium nickel oxide cathode materials

Demystifying academics to enhance university-business collaborations in environmental science

In countries globally there is intense political interest in fostering effective university-business collaborations, but there has been scant attention devoted to exactly how an individual scientist's workload (i.e. specified tasks) and incentive structures (i.e. assessment criteria) may act as a key barrier to this. To investigate this an original, empirical dataset is derived from UK job specifications and promotion criteria, which distil universities' varied drivers into requirements upon academics. This work reveals the nature of the severe challenge posed by a heavily time-constrained culture; specifically, tension exists between opportunities presented by working with business and non-optional duties (e.g. administration and teaching). Thus, to justify the time to work with business, such work must inspire curiosity and facilitate future novel science in order to mitigate its conflict with the overriding imperative for academics to publish. It must also provide evidence of real-world changes (i.e. impact), and ideally other reportable outcomes (e.g. official status as a business' advisor), to feed back into the scientist's performance appraisals. Indicatively, amid 20-50 key duties, typical full-time scientists may be able to free up to 0.5 day per week for work with business. Thus specific, pragmatic actions, including short-term and time-efficient steps, are proposed in a "user guide"to help initiate and nurture a long-term collaboration between an early- to mid-career environmental scientist and a practitioner in the insurance sector. These actions are mapped back to a tailored typology of impact and a newly created representative set of appraisal criteria to explain how they may be effective, mutually beneficial and overcome barriers. Throughout, the focus is on environmental science, with illustrative detail provided through the example of natural hazard risk modelling in the insurance sector. However, a new conceptual model of academics' behaviour is developed, fusing perspectives from literature on academics' motivations and performance assessment, which we propose is internationally applicable and transferable between sectors. Sector-specific details (e.g. list of relevant impacts and user guide) may serve as templates for how people may act differently to work more effectively together

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The side impact burden of Road Trauma: Identifying safety and clinical priorities to improve injury outcomes

Injury and mortality from side impact collisions are over-represented and under-researched compared to frontal collisions. Identifying the vehicle, crash, occupant, and clinical priorities is an essential and strategic step towards reducing the burden of road trauma. Methods: Side impact airbags are a new rapidly evolving technology designed to protect an occupant's head and/or thorax when struck on the near-side in a side impact collision. The effectiveness of each category and each type of side airbag, their ability to reduce injury or death at different speeds, and for different striking vehicles was analysed using data from the Monash University Accident Research Centre's In-depth Database (MIDS) in Australia and the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) in the United States. An in-depth analysis of the influence of vehicle characteristics and geometry in side impact collisions and the risks of thoracic injuries (including death) and hospital length of stay (LOS) was further undertaken using data from the NASS system in the United States. A total of 5,880 cases were examined in-depth over several studies for passenger cars where an occupant was directly struck on the near-side. The data was presented using descriptive statistics, multivariate linear regression models, t-tests and chi-square tests, and Q-Q Plots to test normality. Results: Compared to no side impact airbag, Curtain airbags reduced the mean Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) - the average of the three highest injury severity scores (meanAIS is an equal and interpretable version of the New Injury Severity Score) - by 41.20% p<0.0001. Inflatable Tubular Structures reduced the overall meanAIS by 35.40% p<=0.003, seat combination airbags by 27.17% p<=0.037 and thorax only airbags by 23.36% p<=0.001. Differences were observed when the striking vehicle was a four-wheel-drive and at collision speeds greater than 40 km/h however low case numbers and statistical power indicate those results should be interpreted with caution and as preliminary pending further research. Overall meanAIS was increased for passenger car occupants in near-side side impact collisions when struck by a four-wheel-drive (28.66% p<=0.01) compared to another passenger car. Four-wheel-drives were statistically more likely to cause maximum intrusion above the belt line and result in significantly greater thoracic and head and neck injuries. Near-side occupants that were impacted above the belt line had significantly greater average hospital LOS. Conclusion: Preliminary results indicate that side impact airbags reduce the overall meanAIS for near-side occupants in side impact collisions, with variations in performance depending on airbag type, however, their individual effectiveness in certain crash types remains unclear. Four-wheel-drives significantly increase the overall meanAIS to passenger vehicles. Future policy to strengthen side-structures of vehicles, improve vehicle incompatibility, financial disincentives for four-wheel-drive owners, and improvements to pre-hospital clinical management and guidelines should be prioritised to reduce the number of serious injuries and deaths from road trauma. Keywords: Side Impact; Trauma, Four-wheel-drive; Accident; Injury; Intersection; Vehicle; Airbags; Side Impact Airbags; Curtain Airbags; Pre-hospital; Crash Costs; Traumatic Brain Injury, Thoracic Injury

Land to the East of Anglesey Abbey, Lode, Cambridgeshire. An Archaeological Evaluation and Excavation

An archaeological evaluation and excavation was undertaken by the Cambridge Archaeological Unit (CAU) in October 2011, on land to the east of Anglesey Abbey, Lode, Cambridgeshire. Three evaluation trenches were initially opened, one of which was expanded into a small open area excavation. Archaeology remains excavated comprised elements of a Late Bronze Age settlement, a Romano-British droveway or trackway and evidence of extensive Post-Medieval quarrying

Research data supporting the publication ''Effects of Sulfate Modification of Stoichiometric and Lithium-Rich LiNiO2 Cathode Materials''

Raw data for the publication ''Effects of Sulfate Modification of Stoichiometric and Lithium-Rich LiNiO2 Cathode Materials'