1,384 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
What is hegemony now? Transformations in media, political economy, and cultural studies
The basic theoretical framework of Cultural Studies scholarship was forged in an era of nearly unrivaled corporate media hegemony, with most communities finding a limited number of national and multinational corporations transmitting one-way broadcasts to idle consumers whose only agency was in the act of reading ideologies with or against the grain. Likewise, the dominant political economic model in the North was one of expanding social democracy, leading the many strains of the New Left to operate on the presumption that the political economic system will remain as it was: the state would remain as an organ of control over the economy, making the Gramscian concept of hegemony essential to the overall strategyâand the cultural realm a key target for undermining the current reproduction. It is now an accepted commonplace that emergent technologies have changed the way many of us make, distribute, and consume media. The continued dominance of corporate media hegemony is simultaneously aided and hampered by the tenuous system of national segmentations, streaming service overlap and often unenforceable intellectual property rights. And the neoliberal state has effectively ceded the ideological work of the mass media to competing ideoscapes, often funded by wealthy donors with little interest in a functioning public sphere: as long as they can monetize the property or the platform, its ideological content is irrelevant. In this conjuncture, Cultural Studies must reconsider - and reconstitute - its understanding of how hegemony functions and the role that the (transformed) culture industries play in maintaining it
Recommended from our members
Media:Culture:Policy, or What We Talk About When We Talk About (Cultural) Policy
The relationship between culture and policy has long been a major topic for media and cultural studies. With
this issue, we hope to broaden the meaning of cultural policy, from policies that are explicitly regulating
something we call the âculturalâ (including media or traditional rituals or symbols) to include the practice of
policy-making and the cultural legitimation of law and policy itself, regardless of the object or dimension of
social life it regulates. The essays in this issue argue for (or at least accept) an understanding of policy as a
cultural production representing certain ideological outlooks, and thus implicitly suggest that cultural policy
studies should encompass a wide range of policies; at the same time, the essays are interested in the cultural
mechanisms and means through which policies are promulgated and enforced - from think tanks to social
media flak, from the global circulation of ideologies to the local practices of appropriation/resistance
Simulations of dense granular gases without gravity with impact-velocity-dependent restitution coefficient
We report two-dimensional simulations of strongly vibrated granular materials
without gravity. The coefficient of restitution depends on the impact velocity
between particles by taking into account both the viscoelastic and plastic
deformations of particles, occurring at low and high velocities respectively.
Use of this model of restitution coefficient leads to new unexpected behaviors.
When the number of particles N is large, a loose cluster appears near the fixed
wall, opposite the vibrating wall. The pressure exerted on the walls becomes
independent of N, and linear in the vibration velocity V, quite as the granular
temperature. The collision frequency at the vibrating wall becomes independent
of both N and V, whereas at the fixed wall, it is linear in both N and V. These
behaviors arise because the velocity-dependent restitution coefficient
introduces a new time scale related to the collision velocity near the cross
over from viscoelastic to plastic deformation.Comment: Final version - To be published in Powder Technolog
Importance of Driving and Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults
PurposeAnalyses compared older drivers from urban, suburban, and rural areas on perceived importance of continuing to drive and potential impact that driving cessation would have on what they want and need to do.MethodsThe AAA LongROAD Study is a prospective study of driving behaviors, patterns, and outcomes of older adults. A cohort of 2,990 women and men 65â79 years of age was recruited during 2015â2017 from health systems or primary care practices near 5 study sites in different parts of the United States. Participants were classified as living in urban, surburban, or rural areas and were asked to rate the importance of driving and potential impact of driving cessation. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and drivingârelated characteristics.FindingsThe percentages of older drivers rating driving as âcompletely importantâ were 76.9%, 79.0%, and 83.8% for urban, suburban, and rural drivers, respectively (P = .009). The rural drivers were also most likely to indicate driving cessation would have a high impact on what they want or need to do (P < .001). After adjustment for sociodemographic and drivingârelated characteristics, there was a 2âfold difference for rural versus urban older drivers in odds that driving cessation would have a high impact on what they need to do (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.60â2.58).ConclusionsOlder drivers from rural areas were more likely to rate driving as highly important and the prospect of driving cessation as very impactful. Strategies to enhance both the ability to drive safely and the accessibility of alternative sources of transportation may be especially important for older rural adults.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153160/1/jrh12369_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153160/2/jrh12369.pd
Mercury's Surface Magnetic Field Determined from Proton-Reflection Magnetometry
Solar wind protons observed by the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit about Mercury exhibit signatures of precipitation loss to Mercury's surface. We apply proton-reflection magnetometry to sense Mercury's surface magnetic field intensity in the planet's northern and southern hemispheres. The results are consistent with a dipole field offset to the north and show that the technique may be used to resolve regional-scale fields at the surface. The proton loss cones indicate persistent ion precipitation to the surface in the northern magnetospheric cusp region and in the southern hemisphere at low nightside latitudes. The latter observation implies that most of the surface in Mercury's southern hemisphere is continuously bombarded by plasma, in contrast with the premise that the global magnetic field largely protects the planetary surface from the solar wind
Characteristics of the plasma distribution in Mercury's equatorial magnetosphere derived from MESSENGER Magnetometer observations
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96228/1/jgra22273.pd
Planet Populations as a Function of Stellar Properties
Exoplanets around different types of stars provide a window into the diverse
environments in which planets form. This chapter describes the observed
relations between exoplanet populations and stellar properties and how they
connect to planet formation in protoplanetary disks. Giant planets occur more
frequently around more metal-rich and more massive stars. These findings
support the core accretion theory of planet formation, in which the cores of
giant planets form more rapidly in more metal-rich and more massive
protoplanetary disks. Smaller planets, those with sizes roughly between Earth
and Neptune, exhibit different scaling relations with stellar properties. These
planets are found around stars with a wide range of metallicities and occur
more frequently around lower mass stars. This indicates that planet formation
takes place in a wide range of environments, yet it is not clear why planets
form more efficiently around low mass stars. Going forward, exoplanet surveys
targeting M dwarfs will characterize the exoplanet population around the lowest
mass stars. In combination with ongoing stellar characterization, this will
help us understand the formation of planets in a large range of environments.Comment: Accepted for Publication in the Handbook of Exoplanet
Roman CCS White Paper: Characterizing the Galactic population of isolated black holes
Although there are estimated to be 100 million isolated black holes (BHs) in
the Milky Way, only one has been found so far, resulting in significant
uncertainty about their properties. The Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey
provides the only opportunity in the coming decades to grow this catalog by
order(s) of magnitude. This can be achieved if 1) Roman's astrometric potential
is fully realized in the observation strategy and software pipelines, 2)
Roman's observational gaps of the Bulge are minimized, and 3) observations with
ground-based facilities are taken of the Bulge to fill in gaps during non-Bulge
seasons. A large sample of isolated BHs will enable a broad range of
astrophysical questions to be answered, such as massive stellar evolution,
origin of gravitational wave sources, supernova physics, and the growth of
supermassive BHs, maximizing Roman's scientific return.Comment: 20 pages. Submitted in response to Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
white paper call: https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/ccs_white_papers.htm
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
The origin and evolution of the normal Type Ia SN 2018aoz with infant-phase reddening and excess emission
SN~2018aoz is a Type Ia SN with a -band plateau and excess emission in the
infant-phase light curves 1 day after first light, evidencing an
over-density of surface iron-peak elements as shown in our previous study.
Here, we advance the constraints on the nature and origin of SN~2018aoz based
on its evolution until the nebular phase. Near-peak spectroscopic features show
the SN is intermediate between two subtypes of normal Type Ia: Core-Normal and
Broad-Line. The excess emission could have contributions from the radioactive
decay of surface iron-peak elements as well as ejecta interaction with either
the binary companion or a small torus of circumstellar material. Nebular-phase
limits on H and He~I favour a white dwarf companion, consistent with
the small companion size constrained by the low early SN luminosity, while the
absence of [O~I] and He~I disfavours a violent merger of the progenitor. Of the
two main explosion mechanisms proposed to explain the distribution of surface
iron-peak elements in SN~2018aoz, the asymmetric Chandrasekhar-mass explosion
is less consistent with the progenitor constraints and the observed blueshifts
of nebular-phase [Fe~II] and [Ni~II]. The helium-shell double-detonation
explosion is compatible with the observed lack of C spectral features, but
current 1-D models are incompatible with the infant-phase excess emission,
color, and absence of nebular-phase [Ca~II]. Although
the explosion processes of SN~2018aoz still need to be more precisely
understood, the same processes could produce a significant fraction of Type Ia
SNe that appear normal after 1 day.Comment: Submitted for publication in ApJ. 35 pages, 16 figures, 7 table
- âŠ