Systems of Summoning of Fire Brigades

Import 29/09/2010Diplomová práce se zabývá současnými způsoby svolávání jednotek požární ochrany v České republice. Zaměřuje se především na technické řešení této problematiky a nabízí aktuální přehled používaných technologií včetně jejich hodnocení. Dále poukazuje na existenci problémů vzniklých z nejednotnosti způsobů svolávání a odlišnostmi využívaných systémů. Značnou pozornost pak věnuje efektivnějšímu využití a vylepšení těchto systémů. Navrhuje jednotný a centralizovaný způsob svolávání jednotek požární ochrany a tento návrh podporuje praktickým experimentem.This thesis deals with current ways of summoning fire brigades in the Czech Republic. It concentrates primaly on the technical solution of this issue and it suggests the topical summary of used technologies, including their evaluation. Further it points out the problems caused by disunity of ways of summoning and by dissimilarity of applied systems. The substantial attention is focused on more efficient application and improvement of these systems. This thesis proposes an integrated and centralized way of summoning fire brigades which is supported by the practical experiment.Prezenční030 - Katedra požární ochrany a ochrany obyvatelstvavýborn

Characterization of Metastasis Formation and Virotherapy in the Human C33A Cervical Cancer Model

More than 90% of cancer mortalities are due to cancer that has metastasized. Therefore, it is crucial to intensify research on metastasis formation and therapy. Here, we describe for the first time the metastasizing ability of the human cervical cancer cell line C33A in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous implantation of tumor cells. In this model, we demonstrated a steady progression of lumbar and renal lymph node metastases during tumor development. Besides predominantly occurring lymphatic metastases, we visualized the formation of hematogenous metastases utilizing red fluorescent protein (RFP) expressing C33A-RFP cells. RFP positive cancer cells were found migrating in blood vessels and forming micrometastases in lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Next, we set out to analyze the influence of oncolytic virotherapy in the C33A-RFP model and demonstrated an efficient virus-mediated reduction of tumor size and metastatic burden. These results suggest the C33A-RFP cervical cancer model as a new platform to analyze cancer metastases as well as to test novel treatment options to combat metastases

Histology of Cerebral Clots in Cryptogenic Stroke Varies According to the Presence of a Patent Foramen Ovale

Although a pathophysiological impact remains difficult to prove in individual patient care, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is currently considered of high relevance for secondary prophylaxis in selected patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. By quantification of histological clot composition, we aimed to enhance pathophysiological understanding of PFO attributable ischemic strokes. Retrospectively, we evaluated all cerebral clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke treatment between 2011 and 2021 at our comprehensive stroke care center. Inclusion criteria applied were cryptogenic stroke, age (≤60 years), and PFO status according to transesophageal echocardiography, resulting in a study population of 58 patients. Relative clot composition was calculated using orbit image analysis to define the ratio of main histologic components (fibrin/platelets (F/P), red blood cell count (RBC), leukocytes). Cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO (PFO+, n = 20) displayed a significantly higher percentage of RBC (0.57 ± 0.17; p = 0.002) and lower percentage of F/P (0.38 ± 0.15; p = 0.003) compared to patients without PFO (PFO–, n = 38) (RBC: 0.41 ± 0.21; F/P: 0.52 ± 0.20). In conclusion, histologic clot composition in cryptogenic stroke varies depending on the presence of a PFO. Our findings histologically support the concept that a PFO may be of pathophysiological relevance in cryptogenic ischemic stroke

Evaluation of a New Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-5b451 for Feline Mammary Carcinoma Therapy

Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) infection is a promising approach for cancer therapy. In this study we describe the establishment of a new preclinical model of feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) using a recently established cancer cell line, DT09/06. In addition, we evaluated a recombinant vaccinia virus strain, GLV-5b451, expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as an oncolytic agent against FMC. Cell culture data demonstrate that GLV-5b451 virus efficiently infected, replicated in and destroyed DT09/06 cancer cells. In the selected xenografts of FMC, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in comparison to untreated tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to overproduction of functional scAb GLAF-2, which caused drastic reduction of intratumoral VEGF levels and inhibition of angiogenesis. In summary, here we have shown, for the first time, that the vaccinia virus strains and especially GLV-5b451 have great potential for effective treatment of FMC in animal model

RFP signals in kidneys of C33A-RFP tumor-bearing mice 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 dpti.

<p>Six to seven mice were analyzed per time point (7 and 21 dpti: n = 7; 14, 28 and 35 dpti: n = 6). <b>a</b> Representative images of RFP signal in kidneys. Upper row: overlay of bright field and RFP images. Lower row: images of RFP signal. Scale bars represent 2 mm. <b>b</b> Mean fluorescence intensity of the RFP signal in kidneys of C33A-RFP tumor-bearing mice over time.</p

Metastatic migration of the C33A-RFP cells in tumor-bearing nude mice.

<p><b>a</b> Migration of C33A-RFP cells in a lymph vessel connecting LN1 and RN1 42 dpti. Scale bars represent 2 mm. <b>b</b> LYVE-1 staining of 100 µm cross sections of the part between LN1 and RN1. Scale bars represent 200 µm. <b>c</b> Migration of C33A-RFP cells in a lymph (filled arrowhead) and in an erythrocyte containing blood vessel (open arrowhead) 32 dpti. Scale bars represent 2 mm (left) and 500 µm (right). <b>d</b> RFP signals in lungs of C33A-RFP tumor-bearing mice. Above: representative image of a lung 42 dpti. Scale bar represents 2 mm. Below: percentage of lungs tested positive for RFP spots over time. Lungs of six to seven mice per time point were examined (7 and 21 dpti: n = 7; 14, 28, 35 and 49 dpti: n = 6).</p

Histological analysis of tumors, LNs, RNs and kidneys of C33A-RFP tumor-bearing mice.

<p>Nuclei in a, b and c were stained with Hoechst dye. <b>a</b> Overlays of bright field, RFP and Hoechst images of 10 µm sections of a tumor, LN, RN and kidney 31 dpti. Scale bars represent 50 µm. <b>b</b> Images of 100 µm sections of a kidney 31 dpti, stained with anti-CD31 antibody and Hoechst dye. Scale bar represents 2 mm. <b>c</b> 10 µm kidney section stained with Hoechst dye. Right: confocal image. Scale bars represent 100 µm (left) and 10 µm (right). <b>d</b> CD31 and Hoechst staining of 100 µm lung sections 42 dpti. Filled arrowhead: in a blood vessel migrating C33A-RFP cell; empty arrowhead: RFP positive fragments. Scale bars represent 250 µm (left) and 50 µm (right). All images are representative examples.</p

Formation of tumors and lymph node metastases after subcutaneous implantation of 5×10⁶ C33A-RFP cells.

<p>Tumors and lymph nodes of six to seven mice per time point were analyzed (7 and 21 dpti: n = 7; 14, 28, 35 and 49 dpti: n = 6). <b>a</b> Bright field (BF), RFP and overlay images of C33A-RFP cells, scale bar represents 100 µm. <b>b</b> Time curve of C33A-RFP tumor growth. <b>c</b> Volume of lumbar and renal lymph nodes over time. <b>d</b> Representative images of tumors (upper row) and corresponding lymph nodes (lower row) of C33A-RFP tumor-bearing mice at the indicated days post tumor cell implantation. Images of tumors (T) were taken of living mice using the Maestro EX Imaging System. Imaging of lumbar (LN1, LN2) and renal (RN1, RN2) lymph node metastases in the abdomen of tumor-bearing mice was performed <i>post mortem</i>, after opening the abdomen and removing organs. Scale bars represent 2 mm. <b>e</b> Percentage of all lymph nodes positive for RFP over time. <b>f</b> Percentage of LN1, LN2, RN1 and RN2, respectively, positive for RFP per time point.</p

Immunohistochemical staining of either LIVP 6.1.1- or GLV-5b451-treated DT09/06 xenograft tumors at 28 dpvi.

<p>Representative tumor sections labeled with anti-vaccinia virus (green), anti-MHCII antibodies (red) and Hoechst 33342 staining (blue). Scale bars: 200 µm.</p