Soil-site evaluation for black walnut in northeast Kansas

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 B37Master of Scienc

Incompressible Quantum Liquids and New Conservation Laws

In this letter we investigate a class of Hamiltonians which, in addition to the usual center-of-mass (CM) momentum conservation, also have center-of-mass position conservation. We find that regardless of the particle statistics, the energy spectrum is at least q-fold degenerate when the filling factor is $p/q$, where $p$ and $q$ are coprime integers. Interestingly the simplest Hamiltonian respecting this type of symmetry encapsulates two prominent examples of novel states of matter, namely the fractional quantum Hall liquid and the quantum dimer liquid. We discuss the relevance of this class of Hamiltonian to the search for featureless Mott insulators.Comment: updated version, to be published by PR

Pectin-alginate does not further enhance exogenous carbohydrate oxidation in running:Hydrogel and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation

PURPOSE: Maximizing carbohydrate availability is important for many endurance events. Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise compared to a maltodextrin-fructose mixture (MAL+FRU). MAL+FRU has been well established to increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during cycling, compared to glucose-based carbohydrates (MAL+GLU). However, much evidence focuses on cycling, and direct evidence in running is lacking. Therefore, a secondary aim was to compare exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates with MAL+FRU versus MAL+GLU during running. METHODS: Nine trained runners completed two trials (MAL+FRU and MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) in a double-blind, randomised crossover design. A subset (n=7) also completed a MAL+GLU trial to address the secondary aim, and a water trial to establish background expired 13CO2 enrichment. Participants ran at 60% \dot{\mathrm{V}}\mathrm{O}_\mathrm{2}peak for 120 min while ingesting either water only, or carbohydrate solutions at a rate of 1.5 g carbohydrate·min-1. RESULTS: At the end of 120 min of exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were 0.9 (SD 0.5) g·min-1 with MAL+GLU ingestion. MAL+FRU ingestion increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates to 1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min-1 (p=0.038), with no further increase with MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG ingestion (1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min-1; p=1.0). No time x treatment interaction effects were observed for plasma glucose, lactate, insulin or non-esterified fatty acids, nor for ratings of perceived exertion or gastrointestinal symptoms (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: To maximise exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during moderate-intensity running, athletes may benefit from consuming glucose(polymer)-fructose mixtures over glucose-based carbohydrates alone, but the addition of pectin and sodium alginate offers no further benefit

Pectin-alginate does not further enhance exogenous carbohydrate oxidation in running:Hydrogel and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation

PURPOSE: Maximizing carbohydrate availability is important for many endurance events. Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise compared to a maltodextrin-fructose mixture (MAL+FRU). MAL+FRU has been well established to increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during cycling, compared to glucose-based carbohydrates (MAL+GLU). However, much evidence focuses on cycling, and direct evidence in running is lacking. Therefore, a secondary aim was to compare exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates with MAL+FRU versus MAL+GLU during running. METHODS: Nine trained runners completed two trials (MAL+FRU and MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) in a double-blind, randomised crossover design. A subset (n=7) also completed a MAL+GLU trial to address the secondary aim, and a water trial to establish background expired 13CO2 enrichment. Participants ran at 60% \dot{\mathrm{V}}\mathrm{O}_\mathrm{2}peak for 120 min while ingesting either water only, or carbohydrate solutions at a rate of 1.5 g carbohydrate·min-1. RESULTS: At the end of 120 min of exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were 0.9 (SD 0.5) g·min-1 with MAL+GLU ingestion. MAL+FRU ingestion increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates to 1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min-1 (p=0.038), with no further increase with MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG ingestion (1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min-1; p=1.0). No time x treatment interaction effects were observed for plasma glucose, lactate, insulin or non-esterified fatty acids, nor for ratings of perceived exertion or gastrointestinal symptoms (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: To maximise exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during moderate-intensity running, athletes may benefit from consuming glucose(polymer)-fructose mixtures over glucose-based carbohydrates alone, but the addition of pectin and sodium alginate offers no further benefit

Factors Influencing Motivation to Perform Mental and Physical Tasks during the Initial Lockdown Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Drastic changes to lifestyles have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. A consequence of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) used against this health crisis, such as stay-at-home orders, has been increased isolation and less social interaction for a majority of people. For overall wellbeing, it is important to stay both physically and mentally active. However, for many individuals motivation may be a barrier. There are non-modifiable (e.g., sex, age) and modifiable factors (e.g., physical activity, diet) that may be associated with motivation to perform physical/mental tasks. PURPOSE: To explore if there is an association between non-modifiable and modifiable variables on motivation to perform mental/physical tasks under COVID-19 NPIs. METHODS: We collected data from 794 subjects using Qualtrics and each subject completed our survey once each week during April 1st to May 3rd of 2020. This is an ongoing study that will terminate when the COVID-19 pandemic ends. Survey questionnaires included demographics, personality traits, diet, physical activity levels, and motivation to perform mental/physical tasks. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant results include: a) those who reported a higher quality of diet (REAP-S score) (β=.015, p\u3c0.05; β=0.000, p\u3c0.001), exercised vigorously (β=0.005, p\u3c0.01; β=0.000, p\u3c0.001), and reduced their sedentary time (β=.000, p\u3c0.01; β=.000, p\u3c0.001), reported higher motivation to perform both mental and physical tasks, respectively; b) those who were employed (β=.043, p\u3c0.05) and had higher grit (β=.041, p\u3c0.05) were more motivated to perform physical tasks; and c) lower trait physical energy was associated with greater motivation to perform mental tasks (β=.027, p\u3c0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that living a healthy lifestyle is associated with motivation to perform both mental and physical tasks during the initial lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. These preliminary results support the continuation of data collection. Future research should focus on trying to determine the directionality of the relationship between healthy lifestyle behaviors and motivation

Intravenous sildenafil citrate and post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Clinical trial registration ISRCTN18386427. open access articleBackground This study assessed whether i.v. sildenafil citrate prevented acute kidney injury in at-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods In a double-blind RCT, adults at increased risk of acute kidney injury undergoing cardiac surgery in a single UK tertiary centre were randomised to receive sildenafil citrate 12.5 mg kg−1 i.v. over 150 min or dextrose 5% at the commencement of surgery. The primary outcome was serum creatinine measured at six post-randomisation time points. The primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for the stratification variables, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, and surgical procedure. Secondary outcomes considered clinical events and potential disease mechanisms. Effect estimates were expressed as mean differences (MDs) or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results The analysis population comprised eligible randomised patients that underwent valve surgery or combined coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery, with cardiopulmonary bypass, between May 2015 and June 2018. There were 60 subjects in the sildenafil group and 69 in the placebo control group. The difference between groups in creatinine concentration was not statistically significant (MD: 0.88 μmol L−1 [–5.82, 7.59]). There was a statistically significant increase in multiple organ dysfunction scores in the sildenafil group (MD: 0.54 [0.02, 1.07]; P=0.044). Secondary outcomes, and biomarkers of kidney injury, endothelial function, and inflammatory cell activation, were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions These results do not support the use of i.v. sildenafil citrate for kidney protection in adult cardiac surgery

Глобалізація і нові виклики економічній дипломатії

У статті розглянуто вплив глобалізації на економічну дипломатію, відзначено основні виклики, пов’язані із фінансовою кризою 2008–2012 років. Визначено сучасний стан забезпечення української економічної дипломатії, наведено порівняння із досвідом провідних держав світу, в тому числі сусідніх країн. Виокремлено проблемні аспекти функціонування вітчизня- них дипломатичних представництв у частині забезпечення економічних інтересів України. Окреслено головні завдання для подальшої науково-теоретичної та практичної діяльності у сфері економічної дипломатії в Україні.В статье рассмотрено влияние глобализации на экономическую дипломатию, определены основные вызовы, связанные с финансовым кризисом 2008–2012 годов. Охарактеризовано современное состояние украинской экономической дипломатии, проведено сравнение с опытом ведущих стран мира, в том числе соседних. Выделены проблемные аспекты функционирования отечественных дипломатических представительств в части обеспечения экономических интересов Украины. Обозначены основные задания для дальнейшей научно-теоретической и практической деятельности в сфере экономической дипломатии Украины.The article discusses the impact of globalization on economic diplomacy, defined the key challenges that are associated with the continuing financial crisis of 2008–2012.Were defined the current situation with support of the Ukrainian economic diplomacy, a comparison with the experience of leading countries (including – neighbors).There were allocated the problematic aspects for the national diplomatic missions in support of Ukraine’s economic interests.Article denotes the main targets for further research and theoretical and practical activity in area of economic diplomacy in Ukraine

Unruly agents: Police reform, bureaucratization, and policemen's agency in interwar Togo

This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.In the last few years, our understanding of police forces in Africa has increased significantly. Whilst in previous literature the police tended to be presented as a mere instrument in the hands of state elites, recent studies have shown the ability of policemen to defend their group interests. This article analyses a pivotal moment in the history of French West Africa, namely the creation of theService de Sûretéin the early 1930s. Drawing on archival evidence from Togo, it takes a close look at the shift from military to urban policing, arguing that the bureaucratization of security modified the agency of African policemen. Whereas previously their forms of protest were very much connected with the specific setting of military camps (indiscipline, desertion, rebellion), these now increasingly included written protests within the administration.Peer Reviewe