2,148 research outputs found
Perturbative QCD description of multiparticle correlations in quark and gluon jets
The QCD evolution equations in Modified Leading Log Approximation for the
factorial moments of the multiplicity distribution in quark and gluon jets are
numerically solved with initial conditions at threshold by fully taking into
account the energy conservation law. After applying Local Parton Hadron Duality
as hadronization prescription, a consistent quantitative description of
available experimental data for factorial cumulants and factorial moments of
arbitrary order and for their ratio both in quark and gluon jets and in
annihilation is achieved.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected in the labels and caption
of Figure
How Elitism Undermines the Study of Voter Competence
A form of elitism undermines much writing on voter competence. The elitist move occurs when an author uses a self-serving worldview as the basis for evaluating voters. Such elitism is apparent in widely cited measures of âpolitical knowledgeâ and in common claims about what voters should know. The elitist move typically limits the credibility and practical relevance of the analysis by leading writers to draw unreliable conclusions about voter competence. I propose a more constructive way of thinking about what voters know. Its chief virtue is its consistency with basic facts about the relationship between information and choice.information; search; competence; political knowledge; public policy
Necessary Conditions for Improving Civic Competence: A Scientific Perspective
Many attempts to increase civic competence are based on premises about communication and belief change that are directly contradicted by important insights from microeconomic theory and social psychology. At least two economic literatures are relevant to my effort to improve matters. One is the literature on strategic communication, which includes Spence (1974), Crawford and Sobel (1982), Banks (1991), and Lupia and McCubbins (1998). The other is the literature on mechanism design, which includes Green and Laffont (1977), Myerson (1983) and Palfrey (1992). While both literatures have the potential to convey important insights, many scholars and practitioners do not yet see a need for such insights. This paper lays such a foundation. It explains how greater attention to basic scientific principles can help people who want to increase civic competence use the generosity of donors and the hard work of well-intentioned citizens more effectively. The paper continues as follows. First, I discuss the topic of competence more precisely. Then, I introduce the necessary conditions for increasing civic competence described above. Next, I describe implications and applications of these conditions â focusing in this paper on the growing contention that deliberation is an effective way to increase civic competence. Applying the necessary conditions to this topic reveals a need to revise and clarify common expectations about what deliberation can accomplish. A brief concluding section follows.incomplete information, strategic communication, learning, behavioral economics,
Unified QCD Description of Hadron and Jet Multiplicities
The evolution equation for parton multiplicities in quark and gluon jets
which takes into account the soft gluon interference is solved numerically
using the initial conditions at threshold. If the k_T-cutoff Q_c is lowered
towards the hadronic scale Q_0 of a few hundred MeV, the jets are fully
resolved into hadrons. Both hadron and jet multiplicities in e+e- annihilation
are well described with a common normalization. Evidence is presented within
this perturbative approach that the coupling \alpha_s(k_T) rises by an order of
magnitude when approaching the low energy region. The ratio of hadron
multiplicities in gluon and quark jets is found smaller than in previous
approximate solutions of the evolution equation.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, 3 figure
Hadron multiplicity as the limit of jet multiplicity at high resolution
Recently exact numerical results from the evolution equation for parton
multiplicities in QCD jets have been obtained. A comparison with various
approximate results is presented. A good description is obtained not only of
the jet multiplicities measured at LEP-1 but also of the hadron multiplicities
for energies above 1.6 GeV in \epem annihilation. The solution suggests
that a final state hadron can be represented by a jet in the limit of small
(nonperturbative) cut-off . In this description using as
adjustable parameters only the QCD scale and the cut-off , the
coupling can be seen to rise towards large values above unity at low
energies.Comment: LaTex, 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at HEP Int. Euroconf. on Quantum
Chromodynamics, Montpellier, July 199
Low and High Energy Limits of Particle Spectra in QCD Jets
Charged particle energy spectra in e+e- annihilation are compared with the
analytical predictions from the QCD evolution equation in the Modified Leading
Log Approximation. With the nonperturbative initial condition shifted down to
threshold as suggested by the Local Parton Hadron Duality picture a good
description of the data from the lowest up to highest available energies
results. The two essential parameters in this approach are determined from a
moment analysis. The sensitivity of the fit to the running of alpha_s and to
the number of active flavours (including a light gluino) is demonstrated. For
very high energies the theory predicts a scaling behaviour in certain rescaled
variables (``zeta-scaling''). The data show an approximate behaviour of this
type in the present energy range and come close to the predicted asymptotic
scaling function for the small particle energies.Comment: LaTeX2e, 45 pages, 12 figure
Lost in Translation: Social Choice Theory is Misapplied Against Legislative Intent
Several prominent scholars use results from social choice theory to conclude that legislative intent is meaningless. We disagree. We support our argument by showing that the conclusions in question are based on misapplications of the theory. Some of the conclusions in question are based on Arrow\u27s famous General Possibility Theorem. We identify a substantial chasm between what Arrow proves and what others claim in his name. Other conclusions come from a failure to realize that applying social choice theory to questions of legislative intent entails accepting assumptions such as legislators are omniscient and legislators have infinite resources for changing law and policy. We demonstrate that adding more realistic assumptions to models of social choice theory yields very different theoretical results-including ones that allow for meaningful inferences about legislative intent. In all of the cases we describe, important aspects of social choice theory were lost in the translation from abstract formalisms to real political and legal domains. When properly understood, social choice theory is insufficient to negate legislative intent
What Citizens Know Depends on How You Ask Them: Political Knowledge and Political Learning Skills
Surveys provide widely-cited measures of political knowledge. Do unusual aspects of survey interviews reduce their relevance? To address this question, we embedded a set of experiments in a representative survey of over 1200 Americans. A control group answered political knowledge questions in a typical survey context. Respondents in treatment groups received the same questions in different contexts. One group received a monetary incentive for answering questions correctly. Others were given more time to answer the questions. The treatments increase the number of correct answers by 11-24 percent. Our findings imply that conventional knowledge measures confound respondentsâ recall of political information and their motivation to engage the survey question. The measures also provide unreliable assessments of respondentsâ abilities to access information that they have stored in places other than their immediately available memories. As a result, existing knowledge measures likely underestimate peoplesâ capacities for informed decision making.political knowledge; economic knowledge; experimental economics; incentives; survey
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