585 research outputs found

    Fertility and regional development in Portugal: from the first to the second demographic transition

    Full text link
    Portuguese regions are quite different regarding several development indicators, such as educational levels, regional value added per capital, purchasing power, and others. The industrialization process followed different models in the northern and southern regions of the country. The persistence of traditional traits - such as the dominance of small scale and family firms, as well as the relevance of informal networks characterizes the northern model. This region is also associated with a slow entrance into the sustained fertility decline that characterized the first demographic transition. The South followed the European demographic trends more rapidly. In this presentation we intend to develop the idea that this demographic delay was important as a factor of disadvantage for regional development in the past, as well as to show that, in contemporary times, a similar effect may be happening, with evidence from the slow entrance of this region into the second demographic transition. Secondary demographic data is used to show the different timing of demographic changes at a regional level. Original survey data from the northwestern region (n=214, conducted in 2008) are presented to show how family size has changed during last decades and how it interacts with other socioeconomic and territorial factors, such as education, social class, rural or urban contexts. Desired family size and actual family size are also measured. The sustained and voluntary reduction of fertility is a demographic trend that accompanies regional development, revealing changes in societal values, in the perceived chances of survival of children, and in the economic opportunities and goals of individuals and families. Late demographic change in the northwestern Portuguese region is confirmed by our comparative analysis as a persistent trait of this region, and accompanies others such as low levels of educational investment per child, low levels of educational attainment among young people, and the persistence of emigration. We conclude that the persistence of high fertility levels during first demographic transition was one of the more relevant factors of such traits. More recently, northwestern families are less prone than other regions families to adopt the demographic changes that characterize the second demographic transition. Our original data show that lowest-low fertility has started to emerge as a pattern of family behavior. Individuals would like to have more children, but they decide not to do so in order to ensure a better life and the resources to achieve more ambitious life chances

    Identificação do papel da aducina no citosqueleto axonal

    Get PDF
    Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularThe neuronal cytoskeleton is an interconnected network of filamentous polymers, having in its constitution three major components: actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Up to the discovery of axon actin rings, the neuronal actin cytoskeleton has gained relevance. Still, the molecular details of the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in neurons are largely unknown. Helping in the actin cytoskeleton regulation and maintenance, there is adducin. Adducin is organized in heterotetamers of heterodimers which comprises α/β and α/γ subunits. In the nervous system, the depletion of α subunit results in an almost complete absence of functional adducin. Given this, α-adducin KO mice arose as relevant models to study the role of this protein in actin cytoskeleton. Results from our group showed that α-adducin KO mice develop progressive axon enlargement and degeneration. As defects in axonal transport have been related to axon enlargement, we determined the importance of adducin in the axonal cytoskeleton and, more specifically, in axonal transport. Although no differences were found in the retrograde transport of CTB in the optic nerve, the lack of adducin resulted in a decreased speed of axonal transport of mitochondria and lysosomes. Several neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with axonal transport deficits and, consequently, with alterations in MT-based transport. Although no differences were found in the levels of acetylated and de-tyrosinated tubulin, the levels of tyrosinated tubulin were significantly decreased in α-adducin KO brains, suggesting a less dynamic status of the MT cytoskeleton in the absence of adducin. Besides differential PTMs of tubulin the decreased axonal transport speed may result from the decreased levels of dynein and kinesin in α-adducin KO mice. Lastly, we hypothesized that adducin might be involved in the organization and/or plasticity of the AIS that requires actin dynamics. In α-adducin KO animals, although the AIS forms normally, neurons do not have the ability to relocate it in response to chronic depolarization. Still, the specific role of actin and its associated proteins, like adducin, in this process remains unclear. In sum, with this Thesis we contributed to understand the relevance of the actin in cytoskeleton, more specifically, of the actin-binding protein adducin in neuron biology.O citoesqueleto neuronal é maioritariamente constituído por três componentes: actina, microtúbulos e filamentos intermédios. Com a descoberta dos anéis de actina presentes no axónio, o citoesqueleto neuronal de actina tem vindo a ganhar bastante relevância. Contudo, os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na regulação da actina no citoesqueleto continuam por esclarecer. Nesta tese focámo-nos no estudo da importância da aducina, uma proteína de ligação à actina, na regulação do citoesqueleto neuronal. A aducina é uma proteína constituída por heterotetrameros de heterodímeros das subunidades α/β e α/γ, sendo que no sistema nervoso, a depleção da subunidade α resulta numa completa ausência da proteína no seu estado funcional. Assim, murganhos KO para α-aducina demonstraram ser um modelo animal relevante para o estudo do papel desta proteína no citoesqueleto de actina. Resultados do nosso grupo demonstraram que murganhos KO para α-aducina desenvolvem uma degeneração progressiva e um aumento do calibre do axónio. Uma vez que defeitos no transporte axonal têm vindo a ser relacionados com o alargamento axonal, tornou-se importante determinar o papel da aducina no citoesqueleto axonal, mais especificamente no transporte ao longo do axónio. Apesar de não terem sido encontradas diferenças no transporte da toxina da cólera no nervo óptico, a ausência da aducina resultou num decréscimo significativo na velocidade de transporte axonal de mitocôndrias e lisossomas. Diversos distúrbios neurodegenerativos têm sido associados com deficiências no transporte axonal consequentes de alterações na maquinaria de transporte incluindo microtúbulos e proteínas relacionadas. Apesar de não terem sido encontradas diferenças nos níveis de acetilação e de-tirosinação da tubulina em amostras de cérebro α-aducina KO, os níveis de tirosinação da tubulina estão significativamente diminuídos quando comparados com aqueles encontrados em amostras WT, sugerindo uma menor dinâmica dos microtúbulos na ausência de aducina. Além das modificações da tubulina, a diminuição da velocidade de transporte axonal poderá resultar também do decréscimo dos níveis de ambos os motores moleculares dineina e cinesina nos murganhos α-aducina KO. Por fim, sugere-se que a aducina poderá também estar envolvida na organização e/ou plasticidade do segmento inicial do axónio dada a sua ligação ao citoesqueleto de actina, importante para a sua função e organização. Nos murganhos KO para α-aducina, foi verificado que apesar da formação do segmento inicial ser normal, as células não têm a capacidade para o relocalizar após uma depolarização crónica. Porém, o papel específico da actina e das suas proteínas associadas, tal como a aducina, neste processo deverá ser investigado com maior detalhe. Sumariamente, com esta tese, foi possível contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da relevância da actina, mais especificamente, da proteína de ligação à actina aducina, na biologia de um neurónio

    Identificação de expressões rituais no andebol : estudo caso do andebol feminino do distrito de Leiria

    Get PDF
    Dissertação de licenciatura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação FísicaO presente estudo teve como objectivo principal, identificar os rituais realizados em jogadoras de andebol do distrito de Leiria, tendo em conta dois períodos diferentes: em situação de treino e em situação de jogo em três momentos distintos (antes, durante e depois). Tal estudo, justifica-se pela constatação da inexistência de estudos sobre ritos na referida modalidade, sendo eu própria praticante da mesma. A amostra foi constituída por 23 atletas do escalão sénior feminino, 11 da S.I.R 1º de Maio e 12 da Juventude Desportiva do Lis. Para a realização deste trabalho, por meio de um estudo exploratório, foram observados e analisados dois jogos referentes a cada uma das equipas, como forma de identificarmos, à priori, ritos em sistema de jogo, sendo posteriormente construído um instrumento de colecta de dados (guião de entrevista) e em seguida, aplicado às atletas. Para o tratamento de dados, utilizámos a estatística descritiva, com o objectivo de analisar e de interpretar a informação em termos quantitativos, proveniente da análise do conteúdo, onde categorizámos as respostas das atletas às entrevistas. A realização deste estudo, permitiu-nos constatar que, as atletas possuem diferentes ritos, expressos de forma consciente ou inconsciente, relacionados com duas situações distintas: em jogo e em treino em três momentos diferentes (antes, durante e após). Assim, a maioria das atletas possui ritos individuais, realizando-os, sobretudo, no momento pré-competitivo, sendo os mais evidentes, os de natureza mágico/religiosa. Ainda em relação aos rituais individuais, a grande maioria das jogadoras, não tem percepção dos rituais individuais praticados pelas suas colegas, já que alguns são realizados sem o olhar de outras pessoas. Contudo, não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre as duas equipas em relação à prática de rituais individuais. Em termos colectivos, o grito, foi o rito praticado por ambas as equipas, principalmente no momento pré-competitivo, sendo mais uma vez realizado por questões de natureza supersticiosa

    Schwannoma vaginal: a propósito de um caso clínico raro

    Get PDF
    Schwannomas do trato genital feminino são extremamente raros. São tumores geralmente benignos e a excisão simples é o tratamento adequado. Neste artigo descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 57 anos com schwannoma vaginal, além de uma revisão resumida da literatura sobre schwannomas no trato genital feminino. A excisão completa foi realizada e o estudo histológico confirmou o diagnóstico de schwannoma vaginal. Devido à sua possibilidade de ocorrer, mesmo num cenário de incidência muito baixa, os schwannomas não devem ser excluídos do diagnóstico diferencial de massas vaginais.Schwannomas of the female genital tract are extremely uncommon. They are usually benign, and simple excision is the adequate treatment. The case of a 57-year-old woman with a cellular schwannoma of the vagina is described, in addition to a summarized literature review of schwannomas in the female genital tract. Complete excision was performed, and the histological report confirmed to be a vaginal schwannoma. Due to its possibility to occur, even if in a very low incidence scenario, schwannomas should not be excluded from the differential diagnosis of a vaginal mass

    Petrophysical and geochemical characterization of the late-variscan Santa Eulália Plutonic Complex (Ossa-Morena Zone, Portugal)

    Get PDF
    The Santa Eulália Plutonic Complex (SEPC) is a calc-alkaline granitic body located in the northern part of the Ossa Morena Zone, composed by a medium- to coarse-grained pink granite (G0 group) involving large elongated masses of mafic (gabbroic) to intermediate (granodioritic) rocks, M group, and a central gray monzonitic granite (G1 group) which present dominant medium granular facies. A multidisciplinary study, including petrophysical, AMS and IRM measurements, and geochemical data, elemental and isotopic (Nd and 18O), point out differences in magnetic behaviour, magnetic lineations patterns and geochemical features, reflecting distinct petrogenetic processes at the level of the magmatic sources and evolution, as well as the emplacement mechanisms of M, G0 and G1 facies associated in the SEPC

    Validation of the Portuguese version of the Fertility Adjustment Scale

    Get PDF
    There is an urgent need to provide healthcare professionals and midwives with validated tools as to improve fertility adjustment and promote well-being of couples with infertility. The purpose of this study was to test validity of the Fertility Adjustment Scale among people undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. A cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted, and a total of 104 Portuguese adults undergoing fertility treatment were recruited through fertility-related websites. The Fertility Adjustment Scale was administered along with the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire and the Resilience Scale for adults as a measure of concurrent validity. Scores revealed the sample’s lack of adjustment to fertility. A significant correlation with measures of resilience provided evidence of convergent validity. There was a significant association of fertility adjustment with time of consultation and the cause of infertility. A Fertility Adjustment Scale with six items is a reliable tool that offers early recognition of patients’ difficulties in adaptation to fertility problems during assisted reproductive techniques, which could be beneficial in not only an early recognition of healthcare intervention but of a more individualized approach to such patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Estudo e análise da sinalética presente em placas de nomes de rua: proposta de criação de um tipo de letra para identificação de ruas em placas

    Get PDF
    A presente investigação consiste em reflectir sobre a importância da representação da identificação local de placas de nomes de rua, através da tipografia como valor de diferenciação, num mundo global, bem como das contribuições do design, nomeadamente do design de informação. Propõe-se, para isso, o desenvolvimento de um projecto que contempla a criação de um tipo de letra para placas de nomes de ruas num contexto real

    Are rural accommodation enterprises efficiently present online?

    Get PDF
    This study regards rural accommodation enterprises (RAE) and how much of their business is made online and what can be done to improve it. This work focus on 10 enterprises from the northeast of Portugal, since it is a more deprived and isolated region and far from the touristic centres. As such, these companies need to attract the visitors through their online presence. We analysed their use of ICT, if they had a digital marketing strategy and what could be done to improve their presence and their results through online marketing tools. It was possible to understand that the majority of the companies only have a minimal investment in online presence through the Booking platform and with their website. They do not work efficiently the social networks and they do not use, or know, most of the marketing online tools. As a result, even though the studied companies are willing to evolve digitally and to enhance their presence in a more efficient way, this is limited to the investment that is required since they all feel they cannot invest at the time. It is clear that for these companies and specially in these regions it is vital to bring European funds to help them evolve to the digital market in a knowledgeable and efficient way.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
    corecore