La oclusiva retrofleja sonora del vasco antiguo: nuevas etimologías

On propose ici l'existence en Basque d'une ancienne consonne (occlusive rétroflexe sonore) qui a affecté l'adaptation phonétique d'emprunts Espagnols et Latins.A Basque phonetic characteristic scantly studied is the alternation between inrtervocalic /r/ and /d/. In this work it will be proposed the origin of such phenomena, giving its origin in the existence in Ancient Basque of a voiced retroflex plosive, a phoneme that also would be used in Ancient Gascon and Ancient Aragonese. Following this supposition, a review is done over those loanwords that present such alternancy /r/ ~ /d/, as to continue then reviewing the primitive Basque lexique, proposing for some words interesting relations between other words that hadn't a clear relation before.Una característica fonética vasca poco analizada es la particular alternancia entre /r/ y /d/ en posición intervocálica. En este trabajo se intenta proponer la causa de este fenómeno, situando su origen en la existencia en el antiguo vasco de una oclusiva retrofleja sonora, fonema que habría existido paralelamente en el gascón medieval y el aragonés medieval. Siguiendo esta premisa, se hace un repaso a los préstamos que presentan la alternancia /r/ ~ /d/, para luego examinar el léxico vasco primitivo, llegando a poderse relacionar de esta manera palabras que antes no tenían una relación evidente

La oclusiva retrofleja sonora del vasco antiguo: nuevas etimologías

On propose ici l'existence en Basque d'une ancienne consonne (occlusive rétroflexe sonore) qui a affecté l'adaptation phonétique d'emprunts Espagnols et Latins.A Basque phonetic characteristic scantly studied is the alternation between inrtervocalic /r/ and /d/. In this work it will be proposed the origin of such phenomena, giving its origin in the existence in Ancient Basque of a voiced retroflex plosive, a phoneme that also would be used in Ancient Gascon and Ancient Aragonese. Following this supposition, a review is done over those loanwords that present such alternancy /r/ ~ /d/, as to continue then reviewing the primitive Basque lexique, proposing for some words interesting relations between other words that hadn't a clear relation before.Una característica fonética vasca poco analizada es la particular alternancia entre /r/ y /d/ en posición intervocálica. En este trabajo se intenta proponer la causa de este fenómeno, situando su origen en la existencia en el antiguo vasco de una oclusiva retrofleja sonora, fonema que habría existido paralelamente en el gascón medieval y el aragonés medieval. Siguiendo esta premisa, se hace un repaso a los préstamos que presentan la alternancia /r/ ~ /d/, para luego examinar el léxico vasco primitivo, llegando a poderse relacionar de esta manera palabras que antes no tenían una relación evidente

Perception of Fa by non-native listeners in a study abroad context

The present study aims at exploring the under-investigated interface between SA and L2 phonological development by assessing the impact of a 3-month SA programme on the pronunciation of a group of 23 Catalan/Spanish learners of English (NNSs) by means of phonetic measures and perceived FA measures. 6 native speakers (NS) in an exchange programme in Spain provided baseline data for comparison purposes. The participants were recorded performing a reading aloud task before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the SA. Another group of 37 proficient non-native listeners, also bilingual in Catalan/Spanish and trained in English phonetics, assessed the NNS' speech samples for degree of FA. Phonetic measures consisted of pronunciation accuracy scores computed by counting pronunciation errors (phonemic deletions, insertions and substitutions, and stress misplacement). Measures of perceived FA were obtained with two experiments. In experiment 1, the listeners heard a random presentation of the sentences produced by the NSs and by the NNSs at pre-test and post-test and rated them on a 7-point Likert scale for degree of FA (1 = “native” , 7 = “heavy foreign accent”). In experiment 2, they heard paired pre-test/post-test sentences (i.e. produced by the same NNS at pre-test and posttest) and indicated which of the two sounded more native-like. Then, they stated their judgment confidence level on a 7-point scale (1 = “unsure”, 7 = “sure”). Results indicated a slight, non-significant improvement in perceived FA after SA. However, a significant decrease was found in pronunciation accuracy scores after SA. Measures of pronunciation accuracy and FA ratings were also found to be strongly correlated. These findings are discussed in light of the often reported mixed results as regards pronunciation improvement during short-term immersion

Gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

To identify the gait parameters used to assess gait disorders in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy ( BSCP) and evaluate their responsiveness to treatments : A systematic search within Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus ( English, 2000 - 2016) for randomized controlled trials of children with BSCP who were assessed by i nstrumented gait analysis ( IGA ) was done . Data r elated to participants and study characteristics, risk of bias and outcome measures w ere collected . A list of gait parameters responsive to clinical interventions was obtained. Results : Twenty - one articles met the inclusion criteria. Eighty - nine gait parameters were identified and fifty - six of them showed responsiveness to treatments . Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters were widely used compared to kinetic and surface electromyography data . The majority of responsive gait parameters were joint angles at the sagittal plane (flexion - extension) . The IGA yields responsive outcome measure s for the gait assessment of children with BSCP . Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters are the gait parameters used most frequently . Further research is needed to establish the relevant gait parameters for each clinical problem.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Contribució al coneixement micològic de les Illes Balears (Espanya). XIX. Menorca I.

Contribució al coneixement micològic de les Illes Balears (Espanya) XIX. Menorca I. Se citen setanta vuit tàxons, dels quals vuit són nova citació per a les Illes Balears: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, Els trenta i tres següents són nova cita per a l'illa de Menorca: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co-David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner &Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. A més, dades corològiques, ecològiques i comentaris taxonòmics dels més rellevants.Contribution to the knowledge of the fungal flora of the Balearic Islands (Spain). XIX. Minorca I. Seventy eight taxa of fungi found in the Balearic Islands are commented. After the information avalaible to us, eight seems to be new records for the mycological flora of the Balearic Islands: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, and the following thirty- three sems to be new records for the mycological flora of the Minorca Island: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co-David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner & Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. Taxonomy, ecology and chorology notes are also afforded.Contribución al conocimiento micológico de las Islas Baleares (España). XIX. Menorca I. Se citan setenta y ocho táxones, de los cuales los ocho siguientes son novedades para las Islas Baleares: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, Los treinta y tres siguientes son nueva cita para a isla de Menorca: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co- David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner & Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. Se incluyen datos corológicos, ecológicos y taxonómicos de algunos

Contribució al coneixement micològic de les Illes Balears (Espanya). XIX. Menorca I.

Contribució al coneixement micològic de les Illes Balears (Espanya) XIX. Menorca I. Se citen setanta vuit tàxons, dels quals vuit són nova citació per a les Illes Balears: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, Els trenta i tres següents són nova cita per a l'illa de Menorca: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co-David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner &Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. A més, dades corològiques, ecològiques i comentaris taxonòmics dels més rellevants.Contribution to the knowledge of the fungal flora of the Balearic Islands (Spain). XIX. Minorca I. Seventy eight taxa of fungi found in the Balearic Islands are commented. After the information avalaible to us, eight seems to be new records for the mycological flora of the Balearic Islands: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, and the following thirty- three sems to be new records for the mycological flora of the Minorca Island: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co-David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner & Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. Taxonomy, ecology and chorology notes are also afforded.Contribución al conocimiento micológico de las Islas Baleares (España). XIX. Menorca I. Se citan setenta y ocho táxones, de los cuales los ocho siguientes son novedades para las Islas Baleares: Mycogone rosea Link, Gymnopus graveolens (G. Poirault) ex Boud. Antonín & Noordel., Infundibulicybe mediterranea Vizzini, Contu & Musumeci, Marasmiellus candidus (Bolton) Singer, M. omphaliiformis (Kühner) Noordel., M. virgatocutis Robich, Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno, Boletus luridus var. erythrentheron (Bezděk) Pilát & Dermek, B. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kallenb, Los treinta y tres siguientes son nueva cita para a isla de Menorca: Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müller) T. Macbr., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cwes. & De Not., Agaricus impudicus Fr., A. porphyrizon P.D. Orton, Amanita gracilior Bas & Honrubia, Amanita gilberti f. subverna Bertault & A.G. Parrot ex Neville & Poumarat, Armillaria mellea f. sabulicola A. Ortega & G. Moreno, Chaetocalathus craterellus (Durieu & Lév.) Singer, Clitopilus balearicus (Courtec. & Siquier) Noordel. & Co- David, Crepidotus caspari var. caspari Velen., C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude, Coprinellus domesticus (Bolton) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Hemimycena cephalotricha (Joss. ex Redhead) Singer, H. lactea var. tetraspora (Kühner & Valla) Courtec., Hydropus floccipes (Fr.) Singer, Hygrocybe acutoconica (Clem.) Singer, Inocybe flocculosa Sacc., I. mixtilis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Lepiota echinella var. rodorrhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex P.D. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel, L. griseovirens Maire, L. lilacea Bres., L. nigrescentipes G. Riousset, Leucoagaricus gaillardii Bon & Boiffard, Marasmiellus mesosporus Singer, Mycena acicula (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. var. acicula, Mycena alba (Bres.) Kühner, Mycena amicta (Fr.) Quél., Parasola conopilus (Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer var. gummosa, Tubaria conspersa (Pers.) Fayod i Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar. Se incluyen datos corológicos, ecológicos y taxonómicos de algunos

Inflammation and Obesity (Lipoinflammation)

Obesity is a chronic disease with multiple origins. It is a widespread global phenomenon carrying potentially serious complications which requires a multidisciplinary approach due to the significant clinical repercussions and elevated health costs associated with the disease. The most recent evidence indicates that it shares a common characteristic with other prevalent, difficult-to-treat pathologies: chronic, low-grade inflammation which perpetuates the disease and is associated with multiple complications. The current interest in lipoinflammation or chronic inflammation associated with obesity derives from an understanding of the alterations and remodelling that occurs in the adipose tissue, with the participation of multiple factors and elements throughout the process. Recent research highlights the importance of some of these molecules, called pro-resolving mediators, as possible therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity. This article reviews the evidence published on the mechanisms that regulate the adipose tissue remodelling process and lipoinflammation both in obesity and in the mediators that are directly involved in the appearance and resolution of the inflammatory process