Plan de marketing turístico para reactivar la economía del cantón Guano provincia de Chimborazo

El presente Trabajo de Titulación tiene como objetivo proponer un plan de marketing para reactivar la economía del cantón Guano provincia de Chimborazo, mismo que permitirá el fortalecimiento local y turístico a través de diferentes estrategias de acuerdo a las necesidades que presenta el mismo. El estudio de mercado se llevó a cabo mediante el enfoque mixto ya que integra sistemáticamente los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos analizando la situación actual del cantón Guano, así mismo se aplicó la matriz FODA para el desarrollo del diagnóstico situacional, además permitió conocer la realidad del turismo de la Capital Artesanal del Ecuador y se pudo determinar que, en base a los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas aplicadas a los visitantes, existe la necesidad de crear estrategias que ayuden a promocionar y posicionar al cantón Guano como un destino turístico a nivel provincial, nacional e internacional. En base a la investigación, la propuesta del plan de marketing turístico contiene estrategias como: publicidad en redes sociales, material POP, vallas publicitarias, entre otras. Se concluye que el cantón Guano tiene innumerables atractivos naturales, sin embargo, el desconocimiento y la falta de información, ha impedido que los visitantes conozcan este pueblito mágico. Se recomienda poner en marcha el plan de acción, el cual permitirá dar cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos que serán controlados con los indicadores establecidos para un correcto seguimiento a cada estrategia.The objective of this research work is to propose a marketing plan to reactivate the economy of Guano canton in Chimborazo province, which will allow the local and tourist strengthening through different strategies according to the needs of the canton. The market study was carried out using the mixed approach since it systematically integrates quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the current situation of Guano canton. The SWOT matrix was also applied to develop the situational diagnosis, which also allowed us to learn about the reality of tourism in the craft capital of Ecuador and it was determined that, based on the results obtained in the visitor surveys, there is the need of creating strategies that help to promote and position Guano canton as a tourist destination at the provincial, national and international level. Based on the research, the tourism marketing plan proposal contains strategies such as: social media advertising, POP material, billboards, among others. It is concluded that Guano canton has innumerable natural attractions, however, the lack of knowledge and lack of information has prohibited that visitors know this magical town. It is recommended that the action plan be implemented, which will allow compliance with the proposed objectives, which will be monitored with the indicators established for proper follow-up of each strategy

Wing morphometrics for identification of forensically important blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Iberian Peninsula

Calliphoridae is a family of Diptera of great forensic interest because some of its species belong to the sarcosaprophagous diptera community, as their larvae are necrophagous or necrophilous. In the Iberian Peninsula there are six species that stand out, as they are the first insects to arrive at carrion: Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia caesar, Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala. To differentiate among these blowflies, we compared the value of using traditional and geometric morphometrics by performing a morphometric analysis of the wings (shape and size). A total of 600 individuals were considered, segregated by species and sex equally. Seventeen landmarks per wing were recognized, and then centroid size and shape analyses were performed using geometric morphometrics, and size using traditional morphometrics, to identify species and sex. The results showed differences in shape among the species and it was found that landmarks 2 to 11 were the most variable, while the landmarks located at the base of the wings were relatively stable. However, according to both traditional and geometric morphometrics, no significant differences were found among species in wing size (Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia caesar were indistinguishable), but females were larger than males (except for the two Chrysomya species). Our results indicate that the use of geometric morphometrics to analyze wing configuration (shape) is an easy-to-use tool that helps to distinguish among common blowfly species of forensic importance.AMS was supported by projects of University of Alicante (No. GRE09-27) and Generalitat Valenciana (No. GV2011/039)

Marine Natural Products from the Yucatan Peninsula

[Abstract] Mexico is one of the three areas of the world with the greatest terrestrial and cultural biological diversity. The diversity of Mexican medicinal flora has been studied for a long time and several bioactive compounds have been isolated. The investigation of marine resources, and particularly the potential of Mexican marine resources, has not been intensively investigated, even though the Yucatan Peninsula occupies 17.4% of the total of the Mexican coast, with great biological diversity in its coasts and the ocean. There are very few studies on the chemistry of natural products from marine organisms that were collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula and most of them are limited to the evaluation of the biological activity of their organic extracts. The investigations carried out on marine species from the Yucatan Peninsula resulted in the identification of a wide structural variety of natural products that include polyketides, terpenoids, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifouling, and neurotoxic activities. This review describes the literature of bioprospecting and the exploration of the natural product diversity of marine organisms from the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula up to mid-2019.This work was supported by grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union, and GRC2018/039 and ED431E 2018/03 of CICA-INIBIC strategic group from Xunta de Galicia. D.P.P. received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan (Mexico). O.A.L.R. received a financial support from MostMicro unit. Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 of PortugalXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Portugal. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-00766

Auto-care of the main guard ed sick with cancer ed brain in times of COVID 19

Introducción: La demanda del autocuidado en el ser humano, establece una necesidad en calidad y enfrentamiento a las agresiones en el medio social y ambiental, aspectos que evidencia insuficiencia de conocimientos que afecta al hombre.  Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el autocuidado del cuidador principal de enfermos con cáncer de cerebro en tiempo de COVID-19 fundamentado en la Teoría del déficit del autocuidado de Dorothea E. Orem. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Faustino Pérez Hernández” de Matanzas, Cuba, servicio provincial de Neurocirugía en el período comprendido de marzo a septiembre del año 2020.Universo, familiares en función de cuidador principal de 13 enfermos operados de lesiones malignas de cerebro. Se estudiaron las variables sociodemográficas, déficit de conocimiento del autocuidado y percepción de riesgo. Criterios de inclusión: familiares identificados como cuidador principal de pacientes con cáncer cerebral, residente en la provincia, haber aceptado el consentimiento informado, y se cumpla los principios éticos. Criterio de exclusión los cuidadores de enfermos no tributarios a la enfermedad. Resultados: Predominó el género femenino con 84,61 % coincide el grupo de edad de 40 a 49 años en 30,76%. El 92,30 %, de los cuidadores principales tienen desconocimiento del autocuidado ante la COVID-19.  Conclusiones:   Frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19 los cuidadores en correspondencia a las dificultades identificadas a través del intercambio y desarrollo de las acciones, ampliaron e integraron conocimientos sobre la percepción de riesgo con la pandemia que encauza un alto índice de contaminación, para preservar su autocuidado propio y del enfermo basadas en las instrucciones de las enfermeras. Introduction: He demands it from the auto-care in the human being, establish a need in quality and confrontation to the aggressions in the social and environmental midway, aspects that insufficiency of knowledge that affects the man evidences. Objective: Evaluating the risk factors for the auto-care of the main guard of sick persons with cancer of brain in time of COVID 19 based in the Theory of the deficit of the auto-care of Dorothea E. Orem. Methods: The descriptive transverse observacional, in the Surgical Teaching Hospital accomplished a study itself Faustino Perez Hernández of Matanzas, Cuba, Barrel, provincial Neurocirugía's service in the period understood from March to September of the year 2020.Univer under, relatives in terms of main guard of 13 sick persons managed of malignant injuries of brain. Sociodemográficas, deficit of knowledge of auto-care and perception of risk studied variables themselves. Criteria of inclusion: Relatives identified like main guard of patients with cerebral, resident cancer in the provinces, having accepted the informed consent, and come true ethical principles. Opinion of exclusion the guards of nontax sick persons to disease. Results: The feminine gender with 84.61 % predominated the age bracket from 40 to 49 years in 30.76 % coincides. The 92.30 %, of the main guards  have ignorance of the auto-care in front of the COVID 19 .  Conclusions:   In front of the epidemiologic situation caused by the COVID 19 the guards in mail to the difficulties identified through the interchange and development of the actions, enlarged and they integrated knowledge on the perception of risk with the pandemia that channels a tall index of contamination, in order to preserve your own and sick person based on the instructions of the nurses auto-care

PAX4 preserves endoplasmic reticulum integrity preventing beta cell degeneration in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

[Aims/hypothesis]: A strategy to enhance pancreatic islet functional beta cell mass (BCM) while restraining inflammation, through the manipulation of molecular and cellular targets, would provide a means to counteract the deteriorating glycaemic control associated with diabetes mellitus. The aims of the current study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of such a target, the islet-enriched and diabetes-linked transcription factor paired box 4 (PAX4), to restrain experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD) in the RIP-B7.1 mouse model background and to characterise putative cellular mechanisms associated with preserved BCM. [Methods]: Two groups of RIP-B7.1 mice were genetically engineered to: (1) conditionally express either PAX4 (BPTL) or its diabetes-linked mutant variant R129W (mutBPTL) using doxycycline (DOX); and (2) constitutively express luciferase in beta cells through the use of RIP. Mice were treated or not with DOX, and EAD was induced by immunisation with a murine preproinsulin II cDNA expression plasmid. The development of hyperglycaemia was monitored for up to 4 weeks following immunisation and alterations in the BCM were assessed weekly by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence intensity (BLI). In parallel, BCM, islet cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Alterations in PAX4- and PAX4R129W-mediated islet gene expression were investigated by microarray profiling. PAX4 preservation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis was assessed using thapsigargin, electron microscopy and intracellular calcium measurements. [Results]: PAX4 overexpression blunted EAD, whereas the diabetes-linked mutant variant PAX4R129W did not convey protection. PAX4-expressing islets exhibited reduced insulitis and decreased beta cell apoptosis, correlating with diminished DNA damage and increased islet cell proliferation. Microarray profiling revealed that PAX4 but not PAX4R129W targeted expression of genes implicated in cell cycle and ER homeostasis. Consistent with the latter, islets overexpressing PAX4 were protected against thapsigargin-mediated ER-stress-related apoptosis. Luminal swelling associated with ER stress induced by thapsigargin was rescued in PAX4-overexpressing beta cells, correlating with preserved cytosolic calcium oscillations in response to glucose. In contrast, RNA interference mediated repression of PAX4-sensitised MIN6 cells to thapsigargin cell death. [Conclusions/interpretation]: The coordinated regulation of distinct cellular pathways particularly related to ER homeostasis by PAX4 not achieved by the mutant variant PAX4R129W alleviates beta cell degeneration and protects against diabetes mellitus. The raw data for the RNA microarray described herein are accessible in the Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE62846

Crown individualisation in holm oaks (Quercus Ilex l.) by the use of image segmentation and object classification techniques

A la hora de caracterizar una masa forestal, se hace imprescindible conocer la densidad, lo que puede hacerse a través de la individualización de las copas de cada árbol o pie. En el presente artículo se muestra el flujo de trabajo desarrollado para la individualización de copas en encinares mediante el empleo de técnicas de segmentación y clasificación basada en objetos (OBIA), analizando su efectividad en cuatro formaciones caracterizadas por alta/baja densidad y presencia/ausencia de estrato arbustivo. Para ello se combinaron los productos del Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea correspondientes a ortofotografía NIR y primera cobertura lidar. El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro áreas de entre 23.20 y 50.09 ha localizadas en la hoja Calañas-Huelva H50-0959, cada una de ellas representativa de una formación. Como entrada en el proceso de segmentación se emplearon las cuatro bandas espectrales de la ortofotografía NIR y un modelo digital de vegetación (MDV) obtenido mediante la nube de puntos lidar. El flujo de segmentación se desarrolló de forma iterativa mediante el software eCognition Developer. Se realizaron sucesivas segmentaciones y clasificaciones de objeto, de tal manera que los objetos que cumplieron una serie de criterios mínimos de individualización salieron del flujo y quedaron caracterizados como individuos. Los resultados de la metodología propuesta mostraron una alta capacidad de individualización de copas de entre el 81.23 % y el 96.86 % de acierto según el tipo de masa estudiado, posibilitando la individualización en encinares con tangencia de copas y adyacentes a matorral.When characterising a forest cover, it is of utmost importance to know its density, which can be done through the crown individualisation of each tree or foot. The present article shows the work flow developed for crown individualisation in holm oaks by means of segmentation and classification by objects techniques (OBIA), analysing its effectiveness in four forest formations characterised by high/low density and presence/absence of shrub stratum. For this, we combined the products of “Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea” relating to NIR orthophotography and first coverage lidar data. The study was conducted in four areas between 23.20 and 50.09 ha within the map sheet Calañas-Huelva H50-0959, each representing a formation. As input in the segmentation process, we employed the four spectrum bands of the orthophotography and a digital vegetation model (DVM) obtained by the cloud lidar point. The segmentation flow was iteratively run through the eCognition Developer software. We performed successive segmentations and object classifications, in such a way that the objects which met a series of minimum requirements of individualisation got out of the flow and remained characterized as individual objects. The results of the proposed methodology showed a high capacity for crown individualisation, between 81.23 % and 96.86 % of success rate depending upon the type of formation studied, enabling the individualisation in holm oaks with crown tangent and adjacent to shrub.Este estudio ha sido realizado bajo el proyecto “Centro Ibérico para la Investigación y Lucha contra Incendios Forestales” CILIFO (0753_CILIFO_5_E) y financiado por el Programa de Cooperación Transfronteriza Interreg VA España-Portugal - Interreg POCTEP (2014-2020) dentro de la línea de modelización, cuantificación y aprovechamiento de la biomasa orientado a la prevención de incendios forestales

Aplicación del rediseño curricular en el segundo nivel de Diseño Gráfico de la PUCE

As part of the implementation of the redesign of the graphic design curriculum at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, the second level is initially sought to apply the project method as a teaching axis through the development of five short projects. In each project, the subjects of the level that are: Elements of Design, Editing of Vector Graphics and Bitmap, Technical Drawing and Photography applied to Graphic Design come together. At this level the axis of theoretical reflection is the Elements of Graphic Design that according to Samara (2008) are: The shape, color, typography, image and composition. Each subject also includes theoretical concepts and practical exercises that contribute to the resolution of the projects. This article describes the general organization of the curriculum and the organization of the level and the process of creation and definition of projects. In addition, the role of each of the subjects in a collaborative work is proposed, then the step to the micro curricular program, the definition of evaluation rubrics, finally the presentation of the results of the projects fulfilling the stages of: investigating the problem with the user, develop the design proposal and check compliance with the design requirements.Como parte de la implementación del rediseño del plan de estudios de diseño Gráfico en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, se busca en segundo nivel aplicar de manera inicial el método proyectual como eje de enseñanza a través del desarrollo de 5 proyectos cortos. En cada proyecto además confluyen las asignaturas del nivel que son: Elementos del Diseño, Edición de Gráficos Vectoriales y Mapa de Bits, Dibujo Técnico y Fotografía aplicada al Diseño Gráfico. En este nivel el eje de reflexión teórica es los Elementos del Diseño Gráfico que según Samara (2008) son: La forma, el color, la tipografía, la imagen y la composición. En cada asignatura además se incluyen conceptos teóricos y ejercicios prácticos que aportan a la resolución de los proyectos. En este artículo se describe la organización general del currículo y plan de estudio del nivel y el proceso de creación y definición de los proyectos. Además, se propone el rol de cada una de las asignaturas en un trabajo colaborativo, luego el paso al programa micro curricular, la definición de rúbricas de evaluación, finalmente la presentación de los resultados de los proyectos cumpliendo las etapas de: investigar el problema con el usuario, desarrollar la propuesta de diseño y la comprobación del cumplimiento de los requisitos de diseño.Como parte da implementação do redesenho do currículo de design gráfico da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Equador, buscase, no segundo nível, aplicar inicialmente o método do projeto como um eixo de ensino por meio do desenvolvimento de 5 projetos curtos. Em cada projeto também convergem os assuntos do nível que são: Elementos de Design, Edição de Gráficos Vetoriais e Bitmap, Desenho Técnico e Fotografia aplicados ao Design Gráfico. Nesse nível, o eixo de reflexão teórica são os Elementos de Design Gráfico que, segundo Samara (2008), são: Forma, cor, tipografia, imagem e composição. Também estão incluídos em cada disciplina conceitos teóricos e exercícios práticos que contribuem para a resolução dos projetos. Este artigo descreve a organização geral do currículo e do plano de estudos de nível e o processo de criação e definição de projetos. Além disso, propõese o papel de cada um dos sujeitos em um trabalho colaborativo, depois a etapa para o programa microcurricular, a definição de rubricas de avaliação e, finalmente, a apresentação dos resultados dos projetos que cumprem as etapas de: investi-gar o problema com usuário, desenvolva a proposta de design e verifique a conformidade com os requisitos de design

R353Q polymorphism in the factor VII gene and cardiovascular risk in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Certain polymorphisms of the factor VII gene have been associated with the development of coronary artery disease and there is a known association between factor VII levels and polymorphic variants in this gene. To date, no study has evaluated the association between factor VII and coronary artery disease in patients with FH.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This case-control study comprised 720 patients (546 with FH and 174 controls). We determined the prevalence and allele frequencies of the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII, the plasma levels of factor VII antigen (FVII Ag) and whether they could be predictive factors for cardiovascular risk. 75% (410) of the patients with FH were RR, 23% (127) RQ and 1.6% (9) QQ; in the control group 75.3% (131) were RR, 21.3% (37) RQ and 3.4% (6) QQ (p = 0.32). No statistically significant associations were observed in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies between case (FH) and control groups. Nor did we find differences when we evaluated the relationship between the R353Q polymorphism and cardiovascular risk (including coronary disease, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease), either in the univariate analysis or after adjustment for sex, age, arterial hypertension, body mass index, xanthomas, diabetes, smoking, HDLc and LDLc and lipid-lowering treatment. The FVII Ag concentrations behaved in a similar fashion, with no differences for the interaction between controls and those with FH (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.96). In the subgroup of patients with FH no association was found among cardiovascular disease, genotype and FVII Ag levels (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.97).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study did not find a direct relationship between cardiovascular risk in patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII and FVII Ag levels.</p

La nueva enseñanza del Diseño Gráfico en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Con la aprobación en el Ecuador de la nueva Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior (LOES) en el año 2010 y sus respectivos Reglamento de Régimen Académico (RRA) 2012 y Reglamento de Presentación y Aprobación de Carreras y Programas de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (RPACP) en 2014 y emitido por el Consejo de Educación Superior CES se dio inicio al rediseño de programas de estudio de grado y postgrado en el país. En este contexto se presenta la nueva propuesta de la carrera de Diseño Gráfico, considerando la pertinencia del currículo en el cual se integran los aprendizajes de los conocimientos teóricos de la disciplina del Diseño Gráfico, con las destrezas profesionales para que los estudiantes sean capaces de aportar soluciones de diseño desde una visión estratégica y alto valor simbólico, orientadas a las demandas del sector público, de la pequeña y mediana empresa, de las organizaciones sociales y comunidades. Una propuesta de educación integral basada en el desarrollo de su proyecto de vida personal y profesional a partir del fortalecimiento de la vocación, la meta cognición, la autorregulación y la responsabilidad personal, social y ambiental, en un marco de observancia de los valores éticos, humanos y cristianos característicos de la pedagogía Ignaciana1 y el buen vivir. Esta propuesta enmarcada en la misión y visión Institucional de la PUCE se concreta en el currículo y su plan de estudio que refleja el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza del diseño basado en la resolución de problemas concretos, con requerimientos y usuarios reales. Toma como eje el proyecto de Diseño y en sus tres etapas correspondientes al método proyectual. Relaciona además las asignaturas de forma horizontal y vertical de manera unificada confluyendo, de esta manera, en el desarrollo de proyectos cortos y largos que evidencien las competencias que deben tener los diseñadores a su egreso.With the approval in Ecuador of the new Organic Law of Higher Education (LOES) in 2010 and its respective Academic Regime Regulations (RRA) 2012 and Regulations for the Presentation and Approval of Careers and Programs of Higher Education Institutions (RPACP) ) in 2014 and issued by the Higher Education Council CES, the redesign of undergraduate and postgraduate study programs in the country began. In this context the new proposal of the Graphic Design career is presented, considering the relevance of the curriculum in which the learning of the theoretical knowledge of the discipline of Graphic Design is integrated, with professional skills so that students are able to contribute design solutions from a strategic vision and high symbolic value, oriented to the demands of the public sector, small and medium enterprises, social organizations and communities. A proposal of integral education based on the development of your personal and professional life project based on the strengthening of the vocation, the goal of cognition, self-regulation and personal, social and environmental responsibility, within a framework of observance of ethical values, human and Christian characteristic of Ignatian pedagogy and good living. This proposal framed in the mission and institutional vision of the PUCE is specified in the curriculum that reflects the strengthening of design education based on the resolution of specific problems, with real requirements and users. It takes as its axis the Design project and in its three stages corresponding to the project method. It also relates subjects horizontally and vertically in a unified way, thus converging in the development of short and long projects that demonstrate the competencies that designers must have at their graduation.Com a aprovação no Equador da nova Lei Orgânica do Ensino Superior (LOES) em 2010 e seus respectivos Regulamentos do Regime Acadêmico (RRA) 2012 e Regulamentos para Apresentação e Aprovação de Carreiras e Programas de Instituições de Ensino Superior (RPACP) ) em 2014 e emitido pelo Conselho de Ensino Superior da CES, o redesenho dos programas de graduação e pósgraduação começou no país. Nesse contexto, é apresentada a nova proposta do curso de Design Gráfico, considerando a relevância do currículo no qual se integra a aprendizagem dos conhecimen-tos teóricos da disciplina de Design Gráfico, com as habilidades profissionais para que os alunos possam contribuir projetar soluções a partir de uma visão estratégica e de alto valor simbólico, orientada para as demandas do setor público, pequenas e médias empresas, organizações sociais e comun-idades. Uma proposta educacional abrangente, baseada no desenvolvimento de seu projeto de vida pessoal e profissional, com base no fortalecimento de sua vocação, metacognição, auto-regulação e responsabilidade pessoal, social e ambiental, dentro de uma estrutura de observância de valores éti-cos, características humanas e cristãs da pedagogia inaciana e do bom viver. Esta proposta, enquadrada na missão e visão institucional da PUCE, está especificada no currículo e em seu plano de estudos que reflete o fortalecimento do ensino de design com base na resolução de problemas específicos, com requisitos e usuários reais. Ele toma o projeto de design como seu eixo e em seus três estágios correspondentes ao método do projeto. Também relaciona os assuntos horizon-tal e verticalmente de maneira unificada, convergindo, dessa forma, no desenvolvimento de projetos curtos e longos que demonstram as competências que os designers devem ter na graduação