Respiradores elastoméricos: una alternativa en tiempos de pandemia COVID 19

En la actualidad nos encontramos en una pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV 2, un virus que en poco tiempo se expandió por todos los continentes. En este escenario, es vital que el personal de salud se proteja de la forma más eficiente posible, pues ellos son los que se encargan de librar la lucha contra esta patógeno. Sin embargo, una parte esencial del equipo de protección personal -los respiradores N95- ha comenzado a escasear en los países más golpeados por la pandemia. Una alternativa factible a los respiradores N95 son los respiradores elastoméricos. No obstante, esta alternativa no es mencionada en los documentos técnicos de muchos países latinoamericanos ni es mencionada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en sus recomendaciones para el equipo de protección personal. Es por ello que presentamos las principales características de los respiradores elastoméricos en relación a los respiradores N95

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ

Epidemiology of HIV infection in immigrants in Spain: information sources, characteristics, magnitude and tendencies.

[ES] En España, la proporción de inmigrantes en la población general y entre las personas con infección por VIH es creciente en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la información sobre las tendencias temporales de la epidemia en inmigrantes y sobre sus características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas es escasa, y está fraccionada en diversas fuentes de información que cubren aspectos complementarios. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar las fuentes de información disponibles que permiten caracterizar la epidemiología de la infección por VIH en los inmigrantes en España, y describir la situación actual de la epidemia en este grupo de población a partir de la información disponible en dichas fuentes. [EN] Lately Spain, the proportion of immigrants has increased in both general and HIV-infected populations. Nevertheles, data on the temporal trends of the epidemic in immigrants and on their sociodemographic, epidemiologic and clinical characteristics are scarce and are scattered in various information sources that cover complementary aspects of this issue. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the available information sources that allow the epidemiology of HIV infection in immigrants in Spain to be studied, and to describe the current situation of HIV infection in immigrants, based on the available information sources.Este estudio ha sido financiado por la Red de Sida (Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa, RD06/006).S

A mutual regulatory loop between miR-155 and SOCS1 influences renal inflammation and diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, a global health issue. Hyperglycemia, in concert with cytokines, activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway to induce inflammation and oxidative stress contributing to renal damage. There is evidence of microRNA-155 (miR-155) involvement in diabetes complications, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the interplay between miR-155-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in the regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway during renal inflammation and DKD. In experimental models of mesangial injury and diabetes, miR-155-5p expression correlated inversely with SOCS1 and positively with albuminuria and expression levels of cytokines and prooxidant genes. In renal cells, miR-155-5p mimic downregulated SOCS1 and promoted STAT1/3 activation, cytokine expression, and cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, both miR-155-5p antagonism and SOCS1 overexpression protected cells from inflammation and hyperglycemia damage. In vivo, SOCS1 gene delivery decreased miR-155-5p and kidney injury in diabetic mice. Moreover, therapeutic inhibition of miR-155- 5p suppressed STAT1/3 activation and alleviated albuminuria, mesangial damage, and renal expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. In conclusion, modulation of the miR-155/ SOCS1 axis protects kidneys against diabetic damage, thus highlighting its potential as therapeutic target for DKDThis research was funded by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-098788-B-I00 and PID2021-127741OBI00) to C.G.-G., Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/00487) to J.E, CIBERDEM (postdoctoral contract) to I.P., and Conacyt-Mexico (CB-2015-01 256639 and FOP02-2022-02 321869) to O.L.-F. The authors thank Ana Melgar and Patricia Saperas (IIS-FJD, Madrid) for technical support in mouse sample processing and histology, and Carmen Liliana Peña for technical assistant with in vitro experiment

Un acercamiento a la relevancia de la revisoría fiscal en Colombia

En el presente artículo se abordará primordialmente la importancia que tiene un Revisor Fiscal en un país como Colombia, lugar donde sobresale la corrupción generando un proceder que afecta la economía de este país; por otra parte, resaltaremos las principales funciones y actuaciones del Re-visor Fiscal en su lugar de trabajo y se presentará los puntos de vista que tiene algunos Revisores con respecto al tema. Como punto de referencia tomaremos datos de la Código de comercio, que es la fuente que nos ayudará a hacer las respectivas indicaciones y puntos clave para entender con exactitud el tema a tratar

Main technical-productive characteristics of meliponiculture in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche

Objective: to identify the main technical-productive characteristics of two production systems (traditional and technified) dedicated to meliponiculture in two locations in the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Design/methodology/approach: From August to December 2021, applications of semi-structured interviews of 60 reagents were carried out to the meliponiculturists of Pucnanchen and Santa Cruz. Where by means of the snowball method the population of meliponiculturists was found. Results: A total of 43 colonies of bees of the species M. beecheii (39 hobones and 14 technified boxes) were found. The meliponiculturists interviewed are over 49 years old and have an average of 10.75 colonies per meliponary. Likewise, the modern meli-ponarios have replaced the roofing with huano, by the use of galvanized sheet and the hobones have been replaced by the use of technified boxes for the breeding of native bees. Limitations of the study/implications: this study describes the technical-productive characteristics of the two production systems used in meliponiculture (traditional and technical) in two locations in the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Findings/conclusions: there is a reduction in the number of people who practice meliponiculture, which is an activity that is still rooted in rural communities and that still retains importance from the economic, cultural and cultural point of view. Social. The uses of melipona honey in the health of people belonging to rural communities, is an activity that still persists, as well as the customs associated with the religious context.Objective: To identify the main technical-productive characteristics of two meliponiculture production systems—traditional and technical—in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews of 60 items were applied to bee growers from Pucnanchen and Santa Cruz between August and December 2021. The population of meliponiculturists was established by using the snowball method. Results: We found a total of 43 bee colonies of the M. beecheii species (39 hobones and 14 technified boxes). The interviewed meliponiculturists are over 49 years old and have an average of 10.75 colonies per meliponary. In modern meliponaries, galvanized metal sheets have replaced huano (Sabal yapa) leaf roofing. Likewise, some hobones have been replaced by technified boxes to breed native bees. Study limitations/Implications: This study describes the technical-productive characteristics of the two production systems (traditional and technical) used in meliponiculture in two locations of the municipality of Calkiní, Campeche. Findings/Conclusions: There is a decline in the number of people practicing meliponiculture, an activity still rooted in rural communities and that retains its economic, cultural, and social importance. In rural communities, the use of melipona honey for health purposes persists, as well as the religious customs associated with this type of honey

Samples detection and retrieval for a sample fetch rover

Future planetary exploration missions are demanding more and more autonomy since these missions are getting more complex. A clear example is the Mars Sample Return mission, where the Sample Fetch Rover needs to collect sample tubes on a remote location, and bring them back to the base station to be launched to Earth. This mission requires to extend the autonomous capabilities onboard. First, the Navigation component needs to be able to detect and locate the sample tubes, and second, the Guidance and Control ones require to place the rover close the sample tubes and move the manipulator to pick them up. These are the main contributions of this paper. The first issue has been solved by the use of Deep Neural Networks, which allow to identify the previously trained sample tubes on images, and the second one has been solved by extending the path planning algorithm within the Guidance component. To demonstrate and validate the proposed methods, two experiments were carried out. A first field test in the Search and Rescue experimental terrain at the University of Malaga, and a second lab test in the Planetary Robotics Lab at the European Space Agency. Both experiments were carried out using the ExoMars Testing Rover owned by the last institution.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Are larger primates less faunivorous? Consumption of arthropods by Amazonian primates does not fulfil the Jarman-Bell and Kay models

Terrestrial arthropod groups, including insects, spiders, and millipedes, represent an important food resource for primates. However, species consumed and patterns and rates of arthropod-related feeding for most frugivorous primates are still poorly known. We examined stomach contents of 178 Amazonian primate specimens of nine genera and three families obtained from community-based collections voluntarily donated by subsistence hunters. Based on our results, we assessed whether consumption patterns followed the expected negative relationship between arthropod ingestion and body size as postulated in the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. We identified 12 consumed arthropod taxa, including insects (beetles, grasshoppers, ants, flies, caterpillars, praying mantises, and others), spiders and millipedes. Medium and large-bodied primates consumed a greater diversity (measured by Simpson’s diversity index) and richness of arthropods, but differed in terms of composition of taxa consumed. Cacajao, Sapajus and Cebus consumed proportionally more Orthoptera and Coleoptera compared to the other primate genera analyzed. We did not find significant correlations between richness and diversity of arthropods consumed and primate body mass. There was a slight tendency for the decrease in the relative content of arthropods in the diet with increased body mass in medium and large primates, which does not provide full support for the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. The study of arthropod consumption by arboreal primates in the wild remains challenging. Our study suggests that arthropods supply essential nutrients for frugivorous primates, and provides an alternative method to analyse faunal consumption patterns in primates

Socioeconomic diagnosis of a group of meliponiculturists in the local-ity of San Antonio Cayal, Campeche, Mexico

Objective: To identify the economic, technical, and social characteristics of a group of meliponiculturists established in the locality of San Antonio Cayal, Campeche, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: An interview card was applied to ten members of a group of meliponiculturists, and each card consisted of 20 open and closed questions distributed in the following sections: general data, technical aspects, characteristics of the meliponary, production, market, and perspectives of meliponiculture. An observation guide was also applied. Results: It was found that in the locality of San Antonio Cayal, meliponiculture is a recent activity (four years); the activity started with a total of ten people, with ages between 47 and 64, using modernized boxes and the honey extraction technique using syringes. However, currently the activity is only practiced by two people. Limitations on the study/implications: Meliponiculture is a scarcely practiced activity in the locality, and therefore, there are few records of this activity. Findings/conclusions: The study allowed us to understand the limitations of the group of meliponiculturists that caused the dispersion of the group, and allowed finding different areas of opportunity (management, production) to strengthen the activity

Calendario sanitario caprino para la provincia de Neuquén

Las enfermedades que afectan a los caprinos perjudican la producción –tanto de carne como de fibras–, aumentan los costos de la actividad, disminuyen los ingresos y, en situaciones extremas, pueden provocar la muerte de los animales. Implementar buenas prácticas de manejo en general y aplicar un plan sanitario adecuado permite que los caprinos expresen todo su potencial productivo, disminuyendo la presencia de enfermedades y favoreciendo la supervivencia de los animales.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Martinez, Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Larroza, Marcela Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Centelles, Ivan Jesus. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chos Malal; ArgentinaFil: Mikuc, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chos Malal; ArgentinaFil: Castilla, Florencia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Do Eyo, M. De Las Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area Desarrollo Rural. Grupo Gestión de la Información; ArgentinaFil: Lagorio, Paula Agustina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Desarrollo Rural. Grupo Gestión de la Información; Argentin