INTERVENÇÃO DA PSICOLOGIA COM MULHERES ENCARCEIRADAS: ATUAÇÃO DO PATRONATO MUNICIPAL DE PITANGA EM PROL DA PREPARAÇÃO PARA O RETORNO AO CONVÍVIO SOCIAL E CUMPRIMENTO DA PENA EM REGIME ABERTO

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar à comunidade acadêmica e extensionista a expansão da atuação da psicologia no Programa Patronato – Incubadora de Direitos Sociais – SESP/SETI-UFS) que atua no acompanhamento e fiscalização de alternativas penais no regime aberto, desenvolvido pela Universidade Estadual do Centro- Oeste – UNICENTRO na Comarca de Pitanga. Além dos atendimentos já previstos na cartilha do programa, a equipe vem realizando ações com mulheres que cumprem pena no regime fechado. Sabe-se que, o sistema penitenciário funciona de forma progressiva, o sujeito passa de um sistema de cumprimento da pena para o outro a fim de prepará-lo para o retorno ao convívio social, sendo estes, regime fechado, semi-aberto e aberto. A equipe compreende que o foco do Projeto Patronato está no regime aberto, porém, entende também, que a forma como o sujeito vive o cárcere irá interferir no cumprimento do restante da pena em regime aberto. Tendo em vista que esses sujeitos que chegam ao projeto e que cumpriram pena no fechado foram completamente modificados pela cultura carcerária, desconstruídos e adaptados a um novo estilo de vida, com regras rígidas e fiscalização diária, ainda, especificamente, as mulheres, que possuem seus corpos complexos com diferentes ciclos hormonais, submetidas a uma padronização e sistema rigoroso de estilo de vida, há necessidade de um cuidado, um olhar durante todo o processo, um ponto de referência que represente esperança para conseguir terminar toda a pena. Desta forma, o Patronato vem ampliando sua atuação, criando um ambiente de escuta e preparação gradual para o retorno ao convívio social, pois entende que, se acompanhadas, a elaboração sobre estas mudanças físicas e psíquicas destas mulheres ocorrerá de maneira mais saudável, beneficiando não só a elas, mas a sociedade, visto que, estarão mais fortes e determinadas a reconstruir suas vidas e não reincidir no mundo do crime

Uso do biochar e de bioestimulante na produção e qualidade de mudas de Sapindus saponaria L.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of biochar added to the substrate and the biostimulant in the production and quality of seedlings of Sapindus saponaria L. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Chapadão do Sul/MS state, with a randomized block design, with factorial scheme 5x2, with five proportions of biochar (0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30%), and presence or absence of biostimulant, with four replicates. The parameters were: total plant height (HT), colon diameter (DC), root volume (VR), root length (CR), root dry mass (MSR), part aerial dry mass (MSPA) total dry mass (MST), leaf area (AF), total height/colon diameter ratio (RHDC), total height/part aerial ratio (RHPA), part aerial/root ratio (RPAR) and Dickson quality index (IQD).The values of HT, DC, VR and CR decreased as the proportion of biochar added to the substrate increased, with higher values obtained when there was no addition of the compound and in the absence of the biostimulant, 19.22 cm and 4.99 mm, 6.36 mL and 14.1 cm, respectively. The dry mass (g) production, in the presence or absence of biostimulant, for the aerial part (MSPA), root (MSR) and total (MST), decreased as the proportion of biochar increased. For AF (cm²), the best result was 172.23 cm² with 0% biochar and without the vegetal stimulant. The lowest ratio between the height and the diameter of the colon (3,6) is obtained in the presence of the biostimulant, in the proportion of 8.3% of biochar in the substrate. The RHPA both in the presence and absence of the plant stimulant, the best results are presented when there is 0% biochar. In the absence of the biostimulant, the best result for MPAR was provided by the 21.7% biochar composition. The highest IQD (0.71) was obtained in the absence of the biostimulant and without addition of the biochar. The use of the biostimulant in the treatment of the seeds and the biochar in the composition of the substrate did not provide an increase in the growth characteristics of Sapindus saponaria. For the RHDC quality index, the combination of the two factors, maintained a balance in the biomass distribution in the seedlings.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do biochar adicionado ao substrato e de bioestimulante na produção e qualidade de mudas de Sapindus saponaria L. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, em Chapadão do Sul - MS, com delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com cinco proporções de biochar (0%, 7,5%, 15%, 22,5% e 30%), e presença ou ausência de bioestimulante, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados a altura total da muda (HT), diâmetro do colo (DC), volume de raiz (VR), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST), área foliar (AF), relação altura total/diâmetro do colo (RHDC), relação altura total/parte aérea (RHPA), relação parte aérea/raiz (RPAR) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os valores de HT, DC, VR e CR decresceram à medida que se aumentou a proporção do biochar adicionado ao substrato, com maiores valores obtidos quando não houve a adição do composto e na ausência do bioestimulante, 19,22 cm e 4,99 mm, 6,36 mL e 14,1 cm, respectivamente. A produção de massa seca (g), na presença ou ausência de bioestimulante, tanto para parte aérea (MSPA), raiz (MSR) e total (MST), também reduziram à medida que se aumentou a proporção de biochar. Para AF, o maior valor proporcionado foi de 172,23 cm² sem biochar e sem o estimulante vegetal. A menor relação entre a altura e o diâmetro do colo (3,6) é obtida na presença do bioestimulante, na proporção de 8,3% de biochar no substrato. Para a RHPA, tanto na presença quanto na ausência do estimulante vegetal, os melhores resultados ocorrem sem uso do biochar. Na ausência do bioestimulante, o melhor resultado para MPAR foi proporcionado pela composição de 21,7% de biochar. O maior IQD (0,71) foi obtido na ausência do bioestimulante e sem adição do biochar. O uso do bioestimulante no tratamento das sementes e do biochar na composição do substrato não proporcionou incremento nas características de crescimento de Sapindus saponaria. Para o índice de qualidade RHDC, a combinação dos dois fatores manteve um equilíbrio na distribuição de biomassa nas mudas

Students’ interests in biodiversity: links with health and sustainability

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that sustainable actions to preserve biodiversity are critical to preventing new microorganisms from harming human health. In this sense, education and encouraging young people’s interest in local biodiversity are crucial to promoting its preservation and sustainability. This research studied the biodiversity interests of 14–15-year-old students in São Paulo State, focusing on the links between biodiversity and human health. The criterion of maximum variation was used to constitute a heterogeneous sample of students. Students answered a four-point Likert questionnaire. The items in this questionnaire were divided into categories related to the interest of young people in biodiversity, and these were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon test). Categories of biodiversity linked to “health or human utility” were of higher interest to young people than those with no links to human benefits, such as “diversity of organisms”. These findings, along with the literature, showed that young people are interested in biodiversity issues associated with human health. Therefore, teaching biodiversity should reflect on new possibilities for making a more sustainable environment and promoting social and environmental justice, fundamental aspects of promoting and guaranteeing human health.This research was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)(grant #2018/21756-0, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant#2019/08689-4, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant# 2016/05843-4, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)), the FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FCT), grant number SFRH/BD/79512/2011 and RESEARCH CENTRE ON CHILD STUDIES (R&D Unit 317 of FCT; projects UIDB/00317/2020 and UIDP/00317/2020) and the CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education—Personnel)

Anti-inflammatory foods: human food patterns, bioactive principles and mechanisms of action

With the increase in life expectancy accompanied by the gradual decrease in the birth rate as well as the greater income distribution associated with the quantitative increase in the minimum wage above inflation and the increase in its purchasing power, today the Brazilian population shows a moment exactly opposite to that found in the last century both in epidemiological terms and in the nutritional pattern. Brazil is currently experiencing the same pattern of mortality as developed countries: the majority of chronic non-communicable diseases are the main cause of death associated with an established model of obesity and sedentarism. These factors incline the scientific community and health professionals to turn their efforts to find food solutions that ease this epidemiological picture and it is in this context that anti-inflammatory foods have gained prominence. The following describes the main compounds that fit this magnitude of effect and their mechanisms of action

PESQUISA DE EHRLICHIA SPP. EM EQUINOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PARANAGUÁ, PR – DADOS PRELIMINARES

Erliquioses são doenças transmitidas por carrapatos que afetam animais e seres humanos. No Brasil, Ehrlichia canis em cães e Ehrlichia minasensis em bovinos são as principais espécies descritas. Em equinos, uma potencial nova espécie de Ehrlichia foi descrita infectando animais do Brasil e da Nicarágua. Entretanto, o potencial vetor e sinais clínicos associados à infecção permanecem desconhecidos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar equinos do município de Paranaguá, litoral do Estado do Paraná. Um total de cinco animais foram avaliados até o momento. O DNA das amostras foi extraído utilizando um kit comercial. Todas as amostras foram negativas para Ehrlichia spp. por PCR para os genes 16S rRNA e dsb de Ehrlichia. O gene endógeno gliceraldeído 3-fosfato desidrogenase (gapdh) foi amplificado em todas as amostras. Quatro de cinco (80%) equinos estavam infestados por carrapatos da espécie Amblyomma sculptum (1 M, 3 F e 2 ninfas) e um de cinco (20%) animal por carrapatos da espécie Dermacentor nitens (1 F). O estudo envolverá ainda a triagem sorológica dos equinos, bem como dos carrapatos por PCR em tempo real

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Association between objective and subjective sleep parameters with postural control responses among Brazilian schoolteachers

Objective  To investigate the impact of sleep quality on postural control in teachers. Methods  Cross-sectional study with 41 schoolteachers (mean age 45.7 ± 10.4 years). Sleep quality was assessed in two ways: objectively (through actigraphy), and subjectively (through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Postural control was assessed in an upright posture during 3 trials of 30s (bipedal and semitandem stances in rigid and foam surfaces with eyes open) with a period of rest across trials, on a force platform, based in the center of pressure measurements in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Results  The prevalence of poor sleep quality in this study sample was 53.7% (n = 22). No differences were found between Poor and Good sleep in the posturographic parameters (p > 0.05). Although, there was moderate correlation between postural control in the semitandem stance and subjective sleep efficiency for center of pressure area (rs = -0.424; p = 0.006) and amplitude in anteroposterior direction (rs = -0.386; p = 0.013). Discussion  There is correlation between poor sleep quality and postural control in schoolteachers, as sleep efficiency decreases, postural sway increases. Poor sleep quality and postural control were investigated in other populations, but not in teachers. Several factors such as work overload, insufficient time for physical activities, among others, can contribute to a worse perception of sleep quality, as well as deterioration in postural control. Further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings