Indicators and perspectives of bibliodiversity in the Spanish publishing sector

In the absence of research aimed to measure the bibliodiversity of the Spanish publishing sector through indicators, the general objective of this work is to determine quantitatively whether the Spanish publishing sector is bibliodiverse. The specific goals are the following: a) analyze those necessary conditions to promote bibliodiversity, b) identify the main variables that conform bibliodiversity, and c) measure the degree of bibliodiversity. From the study of the contributions of the academic literature, this research forms an analysis model with the main necessary conditions of the bibliodiversity of the Spanish publishing sector: deconcentration, digital transformation, and glocalization. After reflecting on bibliodiversity, this research builds a theoretical analysis model to study the different variables that define bibliodiversity (linguistic, publishing companies, formats, thematic, and gender) and apply the various bibliodiversity indicators (Simpson, Shanon-Weaver and Pielou). Through a synthetic general bibliodiversity index, the different indices obtained for each variable considered in the research can be grouped.The research concludes that the Spanish publishing sector is bibliodiverse

The effects of COVID-19 on the Spaniards’ reading habit

The general objective of this work is to analyze the reading habit of Spaniards during and after COVID-19 confinement in the same period of the following year. The specific goals are: first, study the purpose of reading; second, know the type of book form read; third, assess the time spent reading during and after confinement and fourth, identify the motivating factors of reading during the COVID-19 isolation. This research used the online survey method through the Microsoft Forms tool and applied a simple random sampling to 1,251 Spanish citizens of legal age and residents in the country with social networks (Facebook, LinkedIn, or Twitter, together with WhatsApp) during May and June 2021. The main results obtained are: firstly, there is a direct and positive relationship between academic training and the habit of reading; secondly, the reading habit among women is higher than among men; thirdly, there is a direct and positive relationship between age and reading habit; fourthly, confinement has had a positive impact on reading habits; fifthly, it is evident that confinement has driven the online purchase of books; finally and sixthly, the paper book continues to have a leading position as a content medium, compared to other alternatives such as the electronic book or the audiobook

Adaptación de la industria del libro en España al cambio tecnológico: Pasado, presente y futuro de la digitalización

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how technological change affects the Spanish publishing industry and how it is adapting to the new digital environment. This work provides an overview of the situation of the Spanish publishing sector through the collection of data, mainly from secondary sources of information, both public and private, from 1996 to 2017, that involved the review of a large number of documents from different sources, the analysis of data obtained, and the generation of a time series allowing us to glimpse the state and evolution of digitalization in the Spanish publishing industry throughout these last twenty years. The paper refers to the new business models emerging as a result of digitization to, finally, close with some conclusions and limitations of the research. This study is not trying to be just a journey through the past, present and future of the Spanish book industry in Spain, but it pretends to be the first step to continue investigating these and other aspects in a deeper way

El impacto disruptivo del libro electrónico sobre la cadena de valor editorial española: un estudio de casos

The present work analyses the disruptive impact of the e-book on the Spanish publishers’ value chain. A case study on three Spanish publishing companies is carried out. The most relevant results obtained are: a) the development of e-book does not encourage the publisher to reduce its production of paper books but complements this traditional activity, b) the development of e-book encourages the publisher to redefine its value chain to integrate the new product, c) the new digital context opens the possibility for Spanish publishers to obtain advantages derived from disintermediation, and d) existing business models in already consolidated publishing companies must be rethought to adapt them to e-book, which can be imply a commitment to maintain both formats -paper and electronic- or renounce paper and move towards a business model solely dedicated to e-books.El presente trabajo analiza el impacto disruptivo de la aparición del libro electrónico sobre la cadena de valor en la industria editorial española. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de casos de tres empresas editoriales españolas. Los principales resultados obtenidos son: a) el desarrollo del libro electrónico no incentiva a la editorial a reducir su producción de libro en papel sino que complementa dicha actividad tradicional, b) el desarrollo del libro electrónico incentiva a la editorial a redefinir su cadena de valor para integrar el nuevo producto, c) el nuevo contexto digital abre a las editoriales españolas la posibilidad de obtener ventajas derivadas de la desintermediación, y d) los modelos de negocio existentes en editoriales ya consolidadas deben ser repensados para adaptarlos al libro electrónico, lo que puede implicar una apuesta por mantener ambos formatos -papel y electrónico- o por la renuncia al papel, transitando hacia un modelo exclusivamente dedicado al libro electrónico

Adaptación de la industria del libro en España al cambio tecnológico: pasado, presente y futuro de la digitalización

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how technological change affects the Spanish publishing industry and how it is adapting to the new digital environment. This work provides an averview of the situation of the Spanish publishing sector through the collection of data, mainly from secondary sources of information, both public and private, from 1996 to 2017, that involved the review of a large number of documents from different sources, the analysis of data obtained, and the generation of a time series allowing us to glimpse the state and evolution of digitalization in the Spanish publishing industry throughout these last twenty years. The paper refers to the new business models emerging as a result of digitization to, finally, close with some conclusions and limitations of the research. This study is not trying to be just a journey through the past, present and future of the spanish book industry in Spain, but it pretends to be the first step to continue investigating these and other aspects in a deeper way.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo afecta el cambio tecnológico a la industria editorial española y como esta se va adaptando al nuevo entorno digital. En el trabajo se ofrece una visión general de cuál es la situación del sector editorial en España a través de la recopilación de datos procedentes, principalmente, de fuentes de información secundaria, tanto pública como privada, desde el año 1996 hasta el 2017, lo que ha supuesto revisar una gran cantidad de documentos de diferentes procedencias y agrupar los datos obtenidos, generando una serie temporal que permite vislumbrar cuál es el estado y la evolución de la digitalización en la industria editorial española en estos casi veinte años. En este documento se hace referencia a los nuevos modelos de negocio que surgen como consecuencia de la digitalización, para finalmente cerrar con unas conclusiones y limitaciones del trabajo. Este trabajo no deja sino de ser una muestra del pasado, presente y futuro de la industria del libro en España, pero supone el primer paso para continuar investigando otros aspectos de una manera más profunda

Adaptación de la industria del libro en España al cambio tecnológico: Pasado, presente y futuro de la digitalización

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how technological change affects the Spanish publishing industry and how it is adapting to the new digital environment. This work provides an overview of the situation of the Spanish publishing sector through the collection of data, mainly from secondary sources of information, both public and private, from 1996 to 2017, that involved the review of a large number of documents from different sources, the analysis of data obtained, and the generation of a time series allowing us to glimpse the state and evolution of digitalization in the Spanish publishing industry throughout these last twenty years. The paper refers to the new business models emerging as a result of digitization to, finally, close with some conclusions and limitations of the research. This study is not trying to be just a journey through the past, present and future of the Spanish book industry in Spain, but it pretends to be the first step to continue investigating these and other aspects in a deeper way

Classroom gamification in online higher education: the use of Kahoot

Esta investigación estudia a través de una metodología mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa, las percepciones que los estudiantes universitarios del Máster de formación del Profesorado de ESo y bachillerato, fP y Enseñanza de idiomas en la Universidad nebrija tienen al utilizar Kahoot en el aula virtual. Se trata, también, de evaluar qué variables identificadas previamente en las entrevistas son las que experimentan la mayoría de los estudiantes que juega con Kahoot y confirmar, posteriormente, si el análisis cuantitativo de la encuesta realizada confirma los resultados obtenidos en el análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas a los estudiantes. Se concluye que la percepción de los estudiantes en relación con el uso de Kahoot en el aula virtual es positiva. Kahoot tiene un impacto positivo en la motivación, el compromiso y la dinamización del aula. finalmente, el análisis cuantitativo confirma en buena medida el análisis cualitativoThis research studies the perceptions that university students of the master’s degree in Teacher Training of ESo and baccalaureate, fP, and Language Teaching at nebrija University have in using Kahoot in the virtual classroom. It is also about evaluating which variables previously identified in the interviews are those experienced by most of the students who play with Kahoot and, subsequently, confirming whether the quantitative analysis of the survey confirms the results obtained in the qualitative phase of the students' interviews. It is concluded that the students' perception, concerning the use of Kahoot, is very positive. Kahoot has a positive impact on motivation, commitment, and dynamism in the virtual classroom. finally, the quantitative analysis confirms the qualitative on

Adaptación de la industria del libro en España al cambio tecnológico: Pasado, presente y futuro de la digitalización

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how technological change affects the Spanish publishing industry and how it is adapting to the new digital environment. This work provides an overview of the situation of the Spanish publishing sector through the collection of data, mainly from secondary sources of information, both public and private, from 1996 to 2017, that involved the review of a large number of documents from different sources, the analysis of data obtained, and the generation of a time series allowing us to glimpse the state and evolution of digitalization in the Spanish publishing industry throughout these last twenty years. The paper refers to the new business models emerging as a result of digitization to, finally, close with some conclusions and limitations of the research. This study is not trying to be just a journey through the past, present and future of the Spanish book industry in Spain, but it pretends to be the first step to continue investigating these and other aspects in a deeper way

Forest Fires, Land Use Changes and Their Impact on Hydrological Balance in Temperate Forests of Central Mexico

Temperate forests play a fundamental role in the provision, regulation, and support of hydrological environmental services, but they are subject to constant changes in land use (clearing, overgrazing, deforestation, and forest fires) that upset the hydrological balance. Through scenarios simulated with the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) hydrological model, the present study analyzes the effects of forest fires and land use changes on the hydrological balance in the microwatersheds of central Mexico. The land use changes that took place between 1995 and 2021 were estimated, and projections based on the current scenario were made. Two trend scenarios were proposed for 2047: one with a positive trend (forest permanence) and the other with a negative trend (loss of cover from forest fires). The results show that with permanence or an increase in forest area, the surface runoff would decrease by 48.2%, increasing the base flow by 37% and the soil moisture by 2.3%. If forest is lost, surface runoff would increase up to 454%, and soil moisture would decrease by 27%. If the current forest decline trends continue, then there will be negative alterations in hydrological processes: a reduction in the interception of precipitation by the canopy and an increase in the velocity and flow of surface runoff, among others. The final result will be a lower amount of water being infiltrated into the soil and stored in the subsoil. The provision of hydrological environmental services depends on the maintenance of forest cover

Late-onset thymidine kinase 2 deficiency: a review of 18 cases

Background: TK2 gene encodes for mitochondrial thymidine kinase, which phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides thymidine and deoxycytidine. Recessive mutations in the TK2 gene are responsible for the ‘myopathic form’ of the mitochondrial depletion/multiple deletions syndrome, with a wide spectrum of severity. Methods: We describe 18 patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in the TK2 gene with absence of clinical symptoms until the age of 12. Results: The mean age of onset was 31 years. The first symptom was muscle limb weakness in 10/18, eyelid ptosis in 6/18, and respiratory insufficiency in 2/18. All patients developed variable muscle weakness during the evolution of the disease. Half of patients presented difficulty in swallowing. All patients showed evidence of respiratory muscle weakness, with need for non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in 12/18. Four patients had deceased, all of them due to respiratory insufficiency. We identified common radiological features in muscle magnetic resonance, where the most severely affected muscles were the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus and sartorius. On muscle biopsies typical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with dystrophic changes. All mutations identified were previously reported, being the most frequent the in-frame deletion p.Lys202del. All cases showed multiple mtDNA deletions but mtDNA depletion was present only in two patients. Conclusions: The late-onset is the less frequent form of presentation of the TK2 deficiency and its natural history is not well known. Patients with late onset TK2 deficiency have a consistent and recognizable clinical phenotype and a poor prognosis, due to the high risk of early and progressive respiratory insufficiency