27,811 research outputs found
Scattering into Cones and Flux across Surfaces in Quantum Mechanics: a Pathwise Probabilistic Approach
We show how the scattering-into-cones and flux-across-surfaces theorems in
Quantum Mechanics have very intuitive pathwise probabilistic versions based on
some results by Carlen about large time behaviour of paths of Nelson
diffusions. The quantum mechanical results can be then recovered by taking
expectations in our pathwise statements.Comment: To appear in Journal of Mathematical Physic
3P_2-3F_2 pairing in neutron matter with modern nucleon-nucleon potentials
We present results for the pairing gap in neutron matter with
several realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, in particular with recent,
phase-shift equivalent potentials. We find that their predictions for the gap
cannot be trusted at densities above , where is
the saturation density for symmetric nuclear matter. In order to make
predictions above that density, potential models which fit the nucleon-nucleon
phase shifts up to about 1 GeV are required.Comment: Revtex style, 19 pages, 6 figures inlude
Stability and structure of two coupled boson systems in an external field
The lowest adiabatic potential expressed in hyperspherical coordinates is
estimated for two boson systems in an external harmonic trap. Corresponding
conditions for stability are investigated and the related structures are
extracted for zero-range interactions. Strong repulsion between non-identical
particles leads to two new features, respectively when identical particles
attract or repel each other. For repulsion new stable structures arise with
displaced center of masses. For attraction the mean-field stability region is
restricted due to motion of the center of masses
Layer Features of the Lattice Gas Model for Self-Organized Criticality
A layer-by-layer description of the asymmetric lattice gas model for
1/f-noise suggested by Jensen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3103 (1990)] is presented.
The power spectra of the lattice layers in the direction perpendicular to the
particle flux is studied in order to understand how the white noise at the
input boundary evolves, on the average, into 1/f-noise for the system. The
effects of high boundary drive and uniform driving force on the power spectrum
of the total number of diffusing particles are considered. In the case of
nearest-neighbor particle interactions, high statistics simulation results show
that the power spectra of single lattice layers are characterized by different
exponents such that as one approaches the outer
boundary.Comment: LaTeX, figures upon reques
Optical density and velocity measurements in cryogenic gas flows
This paper presents the application of optical measurement techniques in dense-gas flows in a heavy-gas channel to determine planar two-component (2C) velocity profiles and two-dimensional (2D) temperature profiles. The experimental approach is rather new in this area, and represents progress compared with the traditional techniques based on thermocouple measurements. The dense-gas flows are generated by the evaporation of liquid nitrogen. The optical measurement of both the velocity and density profiles is accomplished by the implementation of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and background-oriented schlieren (BOS) systems. Supplemental thermocouple measurements are used as independent calibrations to derive temperatures from the density data measured with the BOS system. The results obtained with both systems are used to quantify the dilution behavior of the propagating cloud through a global entrainment parameter β. Its value agrees well with the results obtained by earlier studie
Spitzer bright, UltraVISTA faint sources in COSMOS: the contribution to the overall population of massive galaxies at z=3-7
We have analysed a sample of 574 Spitzer 4.5 micron-selected galaxies with
[4.5]24 (AB) over the UltraVISTA ultra-deep COSMOS field. Our
aim is to investigate whether these mid-IR bright, near-IR faint sources
contribute significantly to the overall population of massive galaxies at
redshifts z>=3. By performing a spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis
using up to 30 photometric bands, we have determined that the redshift
distribution of our sample peaks at redshifts z~2.5-3.0, and ~32% of the
galaxies lie at z>=3. We have studied the contribution of these sources to the
galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) at high redshifts. We found that the
[4.5]24 galaxies produce a negligible change to the GSMF
previously determined for Ks_auto<24 sources at 3=<z<4, but their contribution
is more important at 4=~50% of the galaxies with stellar
masses Mst>~6 x 10^10 Msun. We also constrained the GSMF at the highest-mass
end (Mst>~2 x 10^11 Msun) at z>=5. From their presence at 5=<z<6, and virtual
absence at higher redshifts, we can pinpoint quite precisely the moment of
appearance of the first most massive galaxies as taking place in the ~0.2 Gyr
of elapsed time between z~6 and z~5. Alternatively, if very massive galaxies
existed earlier in cosmic time, they should have been significantly
dust-obscured to lie beyond the detection limits of current, large-area, deep
near-IR surveys.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables. Updated to match version in press at
the Ap
Self-organized Criticality and Absorbing States: Lessons from the Ising Model
We investigate a suggested path to self-organized criticality. Originally,
this path was devised to "generate criticality" in systems displaying an
absorbing-state phase transition, but closer examination of the mechanism
reveals that it can be used for any continuous phase transition. We used the
Ising model as well as the Manna model to demonstrate how the finite-size
scaling exponents depend on the tuning of driving and dissipation rates with
system size.Our findings limit the explanatory power of the mechanism to
non-universal critical behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX
Lonely adatoms in space
There is a close relation between the problems of second layer nucleation in
epitaxial crystal growth and chemical surface reactions, such as hydrogen
recombination, on interstellar dust grains. In both cases standard rate
equation analysis has been found to fail because the process takes place in a
confined geometry. Using scaling arguments developed in the context of second
layer nucleation, I present a simple derivation of the hydrogen recombination
rate for small and large grains. I clarify the reasons for the failure of rate
equations for small grains, and point out a logarithmic correction to the
reaction rate when the reaction is limited by the desorption of hydrogen atoms
(the second order reaction regime)
Decay rate measurement of the first vibrationally excited state of MgH in a cryogenic Paul trap
We present a method to measure the decay rate of the first excited
vibrational state of simple polar molecular ions being part of a Coulomb
crystal in a cryogenic linear Paul trap. Specifically, we have monitored the
decay of the == towards the ==
level in MgH by saturated laser excitation of the ==-== transition followed by state selective
resonance enhanced two-photon dissociation out of the == level. The technique enables the determination of decay rates, and
thus absorption strengths, with an accuracy at the few percent level.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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