Prospectus, December 11, 1975

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; IOC: Greetings to campus; Final Exam Schedule; To the Students of Parkland College…; PC News in brief: Christmas Concerts, Chili Supper; Far Out Planet; Anti-football views expressed at meeting; Distaff Side; Skylines; P/C College Theatre plays well recieved; Acupuncture Expert needles P.C. students; Toys for Tots; Vinyl Love; Two compete at Bradley debate; For Santa Claus: Little Jimmy\u27s list; Country Bouquet: Chicano Country; Exotic Dishes tasted by language classes; Rape - $150; Good News; Diana Hill, Scholarship Recipient; The Kaleidoscope; Forum; Reading skills improvement program offered at Parkland; Ike\u27s reply; Mitchell Interview; Prospectus Photo Contest; Christmas Greetings; Classified; Fast Freddy\u27s football forecast; Cobra\u27s Corner; Cobras downed 82-81 in OT; Sports Views; Davidson returns against home team; Henrichs Cut to six in 2nd loss; Lanky Warriors edge Cobrashttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1000/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, December 2, 1975

PC NEWS IN BRIEF: 1975 FALL SEMESTER GRADS, PRESIDENT REPORTS, TRAFFIC STUDY AT PARKLAND; Campus FM Radio A Reality; StuGo proposes $18,000 cut: Emergency meeting slashes$$$; editorials; Letters to the Editor; Roots & Radicals; Forum; Seniors visit P/C; Far Out Planet; Counseling Services Available at P/C; Questions, Just ask Bob; Karate Club; Phi Beta Lambda; Parkland, Sangamon combination; Library Report; Baby born to Reids; Distaff Side; Skylines: Secrets of Life; Parkland teacher stars in musical; Snow Queen contest, dance planned by StuGo; Wright accepts new Chevy; Christmas Music; Swingles Swing; Aw, c\u27mon, Denice; Public StuGo Meeting set for Dec. 6; Cardwell reports to Faculty Senate; Library Security System; Senator Resigns; Parkland Events; Dinner set for December 4; Staerkel scores lack of state funding; If Snow comes, can flu be far behind?; Library Hours; Prospectus Photo Contest; Attend StuGo Meeting: Students protest further cuts in StuGo budget; Ooops!; Two Plays set for Dec. 4 and &; Fly Navy; Snow Queen Candidates named; Good News; Vinyl Love; Foto-Funny\u27s; Country Bouquet: Chicano country ; Dear Bonnie; Art Works for P/C; Classified; U.S. returns vs. Illini; Cobras host Wabash in season opener; Sports Views: Parkland football may be in danger; 1975-76 Cobras Parkland Basketball Roster; 1975-1976 Parkland College Basketball Schedulehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1001/thumbnail.jp

3D Multicolor Super-Resolution Imaging Offers Improved Accuracy in Neuron Tracing

The connectivity among neurons holds the key to understanding brain function. Mapping neural connectivity in brain circuits requires imaging techniques with high spatial resolution to facilitate neuron tracing and high molecular specificity to mark different cellular and molecular populations. Here, we tested a three-dimensional (3D), multicolor super-resolution imaging method, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), for tracing neural connectivity using cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from wild-type neonatal rat embryos as a model system. Using a membrane specific labeling approach that improves labeling density compared to cytoplasmic labeling, we imaged neural processes at 44 nm 2D and 116 nm 3D resolution as determined by considering both the localization precision of the fluorescent probes and the Nyquist criterion based on label density. Comparison with confocal images showed that, with the currently achieved resolution, we could distinguish and trace substantially more neuronal processes in the super-resolution images. The accuracy of tracing was further improved by using multicolor super-resolution imaging. The resolution obtained here was largely limited by the label density and not by the localization precision of the fluorescent probes. Therefore, higher image resolution, and thus higher tracing accuracy, can in principle be achieved by further improving the label density

Elevated Alpha-Synuclein Impairs Innate Immune Cell Function and Provides a Potential Peripheral Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease

<div><p>Alpha-synuclein protein is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis Parkinson's disease. Increased expression of α-synuclein due to genetic multiplication or point mutations leads to early onset disease. While α-synuclein is known to modulate membrane vesicle dynamics, it is not clear if this activity is involved in the pathogenic process or if measurable physiological effects of α-synuclein over-expression or mutation exist <i>in vivo</i>. Macrophages and microglia isolated from BAC α-synuclein transgenic mice, which overexpress α-synuclein under regulation of its own promoter, express α-synuclein and exhibit impaired cytokine release and phagocytosis. These processes were affected <i>in vivo</i> as well, both in peritoneal macrophages and microglia in the CNS. Extending these findings to humans, we found similar results with monocytes and fibroblasts isolated from idiopathic or familial Parkinson's disease patients compared to age-matched controls. In summary, this paper provides 1) a new animal model to measure α-synuclein dysfunction; 2) a cellular system to measure synchronized mobilization of α-synuclein and its functional interactions; 3) observations regarding a potential role for innate immune cell function in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease and other human synucleinopathies; 4) putative peripheral biomarkers to study and track these processes in human subjects. While altered neuronal function is a primary issue in PD, the widespread consequence of abnormal α-synuclein expression in other cell types, including immune cells, could play an important role in the neurodegenerative progression of PD and other synucleinopathies. Moreover, increased α-synuclein and altered phagocytosis may provide a useful biomarker for human PD.</p></div

On the potential of recording earthquakes for global seismic tomography by low-cost autonomous instruments in the oceans

International audienceWe describe the development and testing of an autonomous device designed to revolutionize Earth structure determination via global seismic tomography by detecting earthquakes at teleseismic distances in the oceans. One prototype MERMAID, short for Mobile Earthquake Recording in Marine Areas by Independent Divers, was constructed and tested at sea. The instrument combines two readily available, relatively low-cost but state-of-the-art components: a Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer, or SOLO float, and an off-the-shelf hydrophone, with custom-built data logging hardware. We report on the development of efficient wavelet-based algorithms for the detection and discrimination of seismic events and analyze three time series of acoustic pressure collected at a depth of 700 m in pilot experiments conducted offshore San Diego, CA. In these tests, over 120 hours of data were gathered, and five earthquakes, of which one was teleseismic, were recorded and identified. Quantitative estimates based on these results suggest that instruments of the MERMAID type may collect up to a hundred tomographically useful teleseismic events per year. The final design will also incorporate a Global Positioning System receiver, onboard signal processing software optimized for low-power chips, and high-throughput satellite communication equipment for telemetered data transfer. With these improvements, we hope to realize our vision of a global array of autonomous floating sensors for whole-earth seismic tomography

Increased levels of α-syn affect microglial phagocytosis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Microglia from line 26 TG or non-TG littermates were incubated with 10 µ beads or apoptotic Jurkat T-cells for 90 minutes. A phagocytic index was calculated by microscopic visualization (n = 3; 3 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.001 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>B</b>) Microglia from line 26/syn ^null or α-syn ^null littermates were incubated with 10µ beads and a phagocytic index calculated (n = 3; 3 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.002 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>C</b>) Peritoneal macrophages isolated from line 26 TG or non-TG littermates were cultured with apoptotic Jurkat T-cells and a phagocytic index was calculated (n = 2; 5 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.001 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>D</b>) Microglia isolated from line 26 TG or non-TG littermates were left unfed or fed beads followed by FM1-43 addition on ice for 10 minutes, fluorescence was assessed by flow cytometry under resting and stimulated (plus bead) conditions, (histogram is representative of 3 independent expts). (<b>E</b>) Geometric mean fluorescence of FM1-43 incorporation in resting and stimulated cell was calculated (n = 3; 3 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.001 when FM1-43 incorporation between wild type and line 3 microglia stimulated with beads was compared).</p

Alteration in cytokine secretion in BAC transgenic mice.

<p>In all graphs, each dot represents measurements from cells isolated from an individual pup or animal (<b>A</b>) Microglia from line 26 and non TG littermates were stimulated with LPS and TNFα and IL6 measured by ELISA (n = 2; 7 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *P≤0.005 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>B</b>) Microglia isolated from three independent human α-syn BAC TG mouse lines, (line 422; 26; and 3) and their corresponding non-TG littermate controls. Cells were stimulated as above and measurements were made for TNFα by ELISA (n = 2; 3 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *P≤0.05 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>C</b>) Line 26 TG mice and their non-TG littermates received an injection of low dose LPS for 6 months and serum inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6) were measured by luminex multiplex analysis (n = 1; 7–10 mice/GT/expt +/− s.e.m* P≤0.05 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>D</b>) Microglia from line 26/syn ^null or α-syn ^null littermates mice were stimulated with LPS and cytokine expression for IL6 and TNFα assessed at the mRNA level by multiplex analysis (n = 2; 5 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.001 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG). (<b>E+F</b>) Microglia isolated from line 26/syn ^null or α-syn ^null littermates were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of Brefeldin A. Tissue culture supernatant (<b>E</b>) or cell lysate (<b>F</b>) was assessed for TNFα production by ELISA (n = 2; 5 pups/GT/expt +/− s.e.m *p≤0.001 when α-syn TG samples were compared with non-TG).</p