The Effects of Modal Preference in Determining the Meaning of Derived Words at Third and Fifth Grade Levels

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not third or fifth grade children who were clearly successful or unsuccessful in determining the meanings of derived words which exhibited vowel-shift patterns, would demonstrate trends toward either a visual or auditory preference, or toward mixed modalities. The researcher designed vowel-shift test, which consisted of twenty-nine derived words and three pseudowords, presented both visually and auditorily, was administered to forty-three third graders and sixty-nine fifth graders in a suburban western New York school district. The vowel-shift test instrument consisted of derived words which were not ordinarily found in basal reader series at third and fifth grade levels but contained a vowel alternation and retained orthographic similarity to the base word. Those students who scored 2 ½ standard measures of error above or below the mean were further tested with the Visual Auditory Preference Assessment to determine modality preference. The VAPA consisted of three treatments of simultaneously presented visual and auditory stimuli. All three treatments presented a series of five digits visually while at the same time five different digits were presented auditorily. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicated that in the third grade high or low groups, or in the fifth grade high group there appeared to be no trends toward a modality preference. It seemed, however, that the third grade low group was not using visual and phonological clues to a significant degree, whereas both high groups seemed to be using visual and phonological information to access the meanings of the derived words. The low group at the fifth grade level demonstrated an auditory preference which may indicate that these students were not using the visual information to access the meanings of the derived words. Longitudinal studies and studies which incorporated tactile and kinesthetic modalities were recommended

Essai d’étude de la contamination du cheptel par l’iode 131 dans des conditions naturelles

Michon G., Jeanmaire L. Essai d’étude de la contamination du cheptel par l’Iode 131 dans des conditions naturelles. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 116 n°7, 1963. pp. 311-315

Contrôle de la pollution radioactive du lait par l'131I

Audren M. L., Michon Georges, Bertrand S., Jeanmaire L. Contrôle de la pollution radioactive du lait par l’ml. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 116 n°6, 1963. pp. 287-290

Drivers for Rift Valley fever emergence in Mayotte: A Bayesian modelling approach

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major zoonotic and arboviral hemorrhagic fever. The conditions leading to RVF epidemics are still unclear, and the relative role of climatic and anthropogenic factors may vary between ecosystems. Here, we estimate the most likely scenario that led to RVF emergence on the island of Mayotte, following the 2006–2007 African epidemic. We developed the first mathematical model for RVF that accounts for climate, animal imports and livestock susceptibility, which is fitted to a 12-years dataset. RVF emergence was found to be triggered by the import of infectious animals, whilst transmissibility was approximated as a linear or exponential function of vegetation density. Model forecasts indicated a very low probability of virus endemicity in 2017, and therefore of re-emergence in a closed system (i.e. without import of infected animals). However, the very high proportion of naive animals reached in 2016 implies that the island remains vulnerable to the import of infectious animals. We recommend reinforcing surveillance in livestock, should RVF be reported is neighbouring territories. Our model should be tested elsewhere, with ecosystem-specific data

Increase of SERS Signal Upon Heating or Exposure to a High-Intensity Laser Field: Benzenethiol on an AgFON Substrate

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal from an AgFON plasmonic substrate, recoated with benzenethiol, was observed to increase by about 100% upon heating for 3.5 min at 100C and 1.5 min at 125C. The signal intensity was found to increase further by about 80% upon a 10 sec exposure to a high-intensity (3.2 kW/cm^2) 785-nm cw laser, corresponding to 40 mW in a 40+/-5-um diameter spot. The observed increase in the SERS signal may be understood by considering the presence of benzenethiol molecules in an intermediate or 'precursor' state in addition to conventionally ordered molecules forming a self-assembled monolayer. The increase in the SERS signal arises from the conversion of the molecules in the precursor state to the chemisorbed state due to thermal and photo-thermal effects.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; J. Phys. Chem. C, accepte

Resolving the electromagnetic mechanism of surface-enhanced light scattering at single hot spots

Light scattering at nanoparticles and molecules can be dramatically enhanced in the 'hot spots' of optical antennas, where the incident light is highly concentrated. Although this effect is widely applied in surface-enhanced optical sensing, spectroscopy and microscopy, the underlying electromagnetic mechanism of the signal enhancement is challenging to trace experimentally. Here we study elastically scattered light from an individual object located in the well-defined hot spot of single antennas, as a new approach to resolve the role of the antenna in the scattering process. We provide experimental evidence that the intensity elastically scattered off the object scales with the fourth power of the local field enhancement provided by the antenna, and that the underlying electromagnetic mechanism is identical to the one commonly accepted in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. We also measure the phase shift of the scattered light, which provides a novel and unambiguous fingerprint of surface-enhanced light scattering

Rhodium nanoparticles for ultraviolet plasmonics

The nonoxidizing catalytic noble metal rhodium is introduced for ultraviolet plasmonics. Planar tripods of 8 nm Rh nanoparticles, synthesized by a modified polyol reduction method, have a calculated local surface plasmon resonance near 330 nm. By attaching p-aminothiophenol, local field-enhanced Raman spectra and accelerated photodamage were observed under near-resonant ultraviolet illumination, while charge transfer simultaneously increased fluorescence for up to 13 min. The combined local field enhancement and charge transfer demonstrate essential steps toward plasmonically enhanced ultraviolet photocatalysis.This work has been supported by NSF-ECCS-12-32239. This work was partially supported by the Army’s In-house Laboratory Innovative Research program. Financial support from USAITCA (project no. W911NF-13-1-0245) and MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project no. FIS2013- 45854-P) is also acknowledged

Levels and Patterns of Nucleotide Variation in Domestication QTL Regions on Rice Chromosome 3 Suggest Lineage-Specific Selection

Oryza sativa or Asian cultivated rice is one of the major cereal grass species domesticated for human food use during the Neolithic. Domestication of this species from the wild grass Oryza rufipogon was accompanied by changes in several traits, including seed shattering, percent seed set, tillering, grain weight, and flowering time. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has identified three genomic regions in chromosome 3 that appear to be associated with these traits. We would like to study whether these regions show signatures of selection and whether the same genetic basis underlies the domestication of different rice varieties. Fragments of 88 genes spanning these three genomic regions were sequenced from multiple accessions of two major varietal groups in O. sativa—indica and tropical japonica—as well as the ancestral wild rice species O. rufipogon. In tropical japonica, the levels of nucleotide variation in these three QTL regions are significantly lower compared to genome-wide levels, and coalescent simulations based on a complex demographic model of rice domestication indicate that these patterns are consistent with selection. In contrast, there is no significant reduction in nucleotide diversity in the homologous regions in indica rice. These results suggest that there are differences in the genetic and selective basis for domestication between these two Asian rice varietal groups