Libro pop-up sobre estereotipos de género y percepción visual en estudiantes de 5to y 6to de primaria de tres colegios de Ate, Lima 2018

La presente investigación busca determinar la relación entre un Libro pop-up sobre estereotipos de género y percepción visual en estudiantes de 5to y 6to de primaria de tres colegios de Ate, Lima 2018. Por lo cual se diseñó un libro pop-up que retrata los principales estereotipos de género en la infancia. En este proyecto de investigación se trabajó con dos variables de estudio: Libro pop-up sobre estereotipos de género y Percepción visual. En cuanto a la metodología esta es de enfoque cuantitativo – correlacional, diseño no experimental. Tuvo como población finita a una muestra de 273 alumnos de 5to y 6to grado de primaria de tres colegios ubicados en el distrito de Ate. Se aplicó como instrumento de recolección de datos un cuestionario de 13 ítems con 5 alternativas en la escala de Likert, válido por tres expertos. A su vez, se realizó un análisis estadístico de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach para medir la confiabilidad del instrumento, cuyo valor fue 0.698, lo que determinó que el instrumento tuvo un nivel de confiabilidad regular. Los datos recolectados pasaron por el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0, obteniendo en los resultados un valor de significancia de 0.000 menor a 0.05, por lo que se aceptó la hipótesis de investigación, lo que demuestra que si existe relación entre la variable libro pop-up sobre los estereotipos de género y la percepción visual

Ingesta de omega 3, nivel de actividad física y su relación con el estado cognitivo en adultos mayores que asisten a un centro gerontológico en la región costa y sierra 2021

La disminución de la memoria y la función cognitiva se considera una consecuencia normal del envejecimiento. En la actualidad los ácidos grasos omega-3 poliinsaturados, se promovió como suplementos dietéticos con la capacidad de reducir el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, incluido la enfermedad de Alzheimer; es por este motivo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la relación que existe entre la ingesta de omega 3 y nivel de actividad física con el estado cognitivo en adultos mayores que asisten a un centro gerontológico en la región Costa y Sierra 2021. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, cuyos datos estadísticos fueron analizados para determinar la relación entre: ingesta de omega 3, actividad física y estado cognitivo en adultos mayores. Se aplicaron varias herramientas 1) encuestas para conocer la ingesta para conocer la ingesta de Omega 3 en el consumo de alimentos por recordatorio de 24 horas, 2) mini - examen de estado mental, y 4) el cuestionario internacional de actividad física. Los estudios demostraron que los adultos mayores que consumían alimentos con alto contenido de omega 3, tenían mejor nivel cognitivo y físico En relación con aquellos adultos mayores que no lo hacían; lo que lleva a la conclusión que el consumo de ácidos grasos omega 3 tienen un papel protector que contrarresta el deterioro cognitivo leve, la demencia y el riesgo y la progresión de las enfermedades mentales en estas personas.The decline in memory and cognitive function is considered a normal consequence of aging. Currently omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are being promoted as dietary supplements with the ability to reduce the risk of cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's disease. It is for this reason that the objective of this research was to establish the relationship that exists between the intake of omega 3 and the level of physical activity with the cognitive state in older adults. The population studied attend a gerontological center in the Cost and Highland region in 2021. A quantitative study was carried out and the statistical data were analyzed to determine the relationship among omega 3 intake, physical activity, and cognitive status in older adults. Several tools were applied 1) surveys to know the intake to know the intake of Omega 3 in food consumption by 24-hour reminder, 2) mini - mental state examination, and 3) the international questionnaire of physical activity. The study has shown that older adults who ate foods high in omega 3 had a better cognitive and physical level than those older adults who did not. This fact leads to the conclusion that the consumption of omega 3 fatty acids has a protective role that counteracts mild cognitive impairment, dementia and the risk and progression of mental illnesses in these people

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Inhibición del sistema de secreción tipo III de Escherichia coli enteropatógena usando péptidos coiled-coil de EspA

Escherichia coli enteropatógena (EPEC) es causa importante de diarrea infecciosa en niños. Este patógeno utiliza el sistema de secreción tipo III translocón (SSTIII-translocón) para inyectar sus factores de virulencia directamente dentro del citoplasma de la célula eucariótica, en donde alteran el citoesqueleto y producen una patología denominada lesión de adherencia y eliminación de las microvellosidades (lesión A/E). Dichas lesiones generan un desbalance electrolítico que ocasiona la diarrea. Por lo que la formación del SSTIII-translocón es un paso indispensable para la patogénesis causada por EPEC. Un componente importante del SSTIII-translocón es el filamento de EspA, que contribuye a la adherencia inicial de la bacteria al enterocito y también permite la translocación de los factores de virulencia al citoplasma de la célula. El filamento está constituido por monómeros de la proteína EspA, que se auto-polimerizan debido a dominios coiled-coil. Se ha demostrado que la alteración de estos dominios afecta el ensamblaje de los filamentos de EspA y previene la formación de lesiones A/E, lo que consecuentemente disminuye la patogénesis generada por EPEC. Recientemente se ha encontrado que péptidos sintéticos coiled-coil de 15 aminoácidos (aa) (CoilA y CoilB) sintetizados con base en la región C-terminal de EspA, son capaces de bloquear el SSTIII-translocón de EPEC. Y se encontró que dicho bloqueo se lleva a cabo mediante la inhibición del ensamblaje de los filamentos de EspA. Estos péptidos podrían ser una alternativa terapéutica posible para combatir la diarrea ocasionada por EPEC. Por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar el núcleo mínimo de los péptidos coiled-coil que pudieran bloquear el SSTIII-translocón de EPEC. Para lo cual se diseñaron tres péptidos de 8 aa con base en la secuencia de CoilA (CoilA1, CoilA2 y CoilA3) y tres más con base en la secuencia de CoilB (CoilB1, CoilB2 y CoilB3). Sin embargo, no fue posible purificar los péptidos CoilA3 y CoilB1 debido a su insolubilidad. Se sabe que cuando EPEC infecta eritrocitos, provoca la lisis de los mismos al generar poros en su membrana cuando se forma el SSTIII-translocón. Nosotros encontramos que al infectar eritrocitos con EPEC preincubada con los péptidos, CoilA1 reduce la hemólisis causada por EPEC incluso de manera más eficiente que CoilA; mientras que CoilA2 reduce de manera similar a CoilA. Encontramos que CoilB2 y CoilB3 no son capaces de inhibir la hemólisis, contrario a lo observado para el péptido del cual provienen (CoilB). Los péptidos CoilA1 y CoilA2 son capaces de reducir eficientemente la adherencia de EPEC y la formación de lesiones A/E cuando se infectan células epiteliales con cultivos de EPEC, que durante la formación del SSTIII-translocón están en presencia de los péptidos. Los péptidos CoilB2 y CoilB3 no disminuyen la adherencia ni la formación de lesiones A/E. Pudimos determinar que la reducción de la adherencia y la formación de lesiones A/E se debe a que los péptidos CoilA1 y CoilA2 son capaces bloquear la polimerización de los filamentos de EspA mientras que CoilB2 y CoilB3 no. Encontramos evidencias claras de que el bloqueo de la polimerización se debe a que cuando EPEC está en presencia de los péptidos CoilA1 y CoilA2, se bloquea la secreción de las proteínas translocadoras EspA, EspD y EspB, las cuales forman el translocón y sin las cuales el SSTIII de EPEC no es funcional. Los péptidos CoilB2 y CoilB3 son incapaces de bloquear la secreción de las proteínas translocadoras, lo cual explica su inefectividad para reducir la patogénesis generada por EPEC. Por lo tanto en este trabajo se demuestra que existe una región mínima de 8 aa (CoilA1) que es más efectiva que su péptido de origen de 15 aa (CoilA) para bloquear el SSTIII-translocón de EPEC

A Host-Specific Factor Is Necessary For Efficient Folding Of The Autotransporter Plasmid-Encoded Toxin

Autotransporters are the most common virulence factors secreted from Gram-negative pathogens. Until recently, autotransporter folding and outer membrane translocation were thought to be self-mediated events that did not require accessory factors. Here, we report that two variants of the autotransporter plasmid-encoded toxin are secreted by a lab strain of Escherichia coli. Biophysical analysis and cell-based toxicity assays demonstrated that only one of the two variants was in a folded, active conformation. The misfolded variant was not produced by a pathogenic strain of enteroaggregative E. coli and did not result from protein overproduction in the lab strain of E. coli. Our data suggest a host-specific factor is required for efficient folding of plasmid-encoded toxin. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City

The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas, and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% (n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% (n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children (n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% (n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents (p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8–40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages

Dietary Intake of 91 Individual Polyphenols and 5-Year Body Weight Change in the EPIC-PANACEA Cohort.

Polyphenols are bioactive compounds from plants with antioxidant properties that may have a protective role against body weight gain, with adipose tissue and systemic oxidative stress as potential targets. We aimed to investigate the dietary intake of individual polyphenols and their association with 5-year body weight change in a sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). This study included 349,165 adult participants from nine European countries. Polyphenol intake was estimated through country-specific validated dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. Body weight was obtained at recruitment and after a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Associations were estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models. From 91 polyphenols included, the majority (n = 67) were inversely associated with 5-year body weight change after FDR-correction (q < 0.05). The greatest inverse associations were observed for quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (change in weight for doubling in intake: −0.071 (95% CI: −0.085; −0.056) kg/5 years). Only 13 polyphenols showed positive associations with body weight gain, mainly from the subclass hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) with coffee as the main dietary source, such as 4-caffeoylquinic acid (0.029 (95% CI: 0.021; 0.038) kg/5 years). Individual polyphenols with fruit, tea, cocoa and whole grain cereals as the main dietary sources may contribute to body weight maintenance in adults. Individual HCAs may have different roles in body weight change depending on their dietary source

Consumption of fish is not associated with risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer. Fish can be an important source of iodine and other micronutrients and contaminants that may affect the thyroid gland and TC risk. Objective: We prospectively evaluated the relations between the consumption of total fish and different fish types and shellfish and TC risk in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. Methods: EPIC is a cohort of > 500,000 men and women, mostly aged 35-70 y, who were recruited in 10 European countries. After a mean follow-up of 14 y, 748 primary differentiated TC cases were diagnosed; 666 were in women and 601 were papillary TC. Data on intakes of lean fish, fatty fish, fish products, and shellfish were collected by using countryspecific validated dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs adjusted for many potential confounders, including dietary and nondietary factors. Results: No significant association was observed between total fish consumption and differentiated TC risk for the highest compared with the lowest quartile (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.32; P-trend = 0.67). Likewise, no significant association was observed with the intake of any specific type of fish, fish product, or shellfish. No significant heterogeneity was found by TC subtype (papillary or follicular tumors), by sex, or between countries with low and high TC incidence. Conclusion: This large study shows that the intake of fish and shellfish was not associated with differentiated TC risk in Europe, a region in which iodine deficiency or excess is rare