78 research outputs found
Logic and Truth: Some Logics without Theorems
Two types of logical consequence are compared: one, with respect to matrix and designated elements and the other with respect to ordering in a suitable algebraic structure. Particular emphasis is laid on algebraic structures in which there is no top-element relative to the ordering. The significance of this special condition is discussed. Sequent calculi for a number of such structures are developed. As a consequence it is re-established that the notion of truth as such, not to speak of tautologies, is inessential in order to define validity of an argument
Kendall's tau in high-dimensional genomic parsimony
High-dimensional data models, often with low sample size, abound in many
interdisciplinary studies, genomics and large biological systems being most
noteworthy. The conventional assumption of multinormality or linearity of
regression may not be plausible for such models which are likely to be
statistically complex due to a large number of parameters as well as various
underlying restraints. As such, parametric approaches may not be very
effective. Anything beyond parametrics, albeit, having increased scope and
robustness perspectives, may generally be baffled by the low sample size and
hence unable to give reasonable margins of errors. Kendall's tau statistic is
exploited in this context with emphasis on dimensional rather than sample size
asymptotics. The Chen--Stein theorem has been thoroughly appraised in this
study. Applications of these findings in some microarray data models are
illustrated.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921708000000183 the IMS
Collections (http://www.imstat.org/publications/imscollections.htm) by the
Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Second-Order Pitman Admissibility and Pitman Closeness: The Multiparameter Case and Stein-Rule Estimators
In a multiparameter estimation problem, for first-order efficient estimators, second-order Pitman admissibility, and Pitman closeness properties are studied. Bearing in mind the dominant role of Stein-rule estimators in multiparameter estimation theory, such second-order properties are also studied for shrinkage maximum likelihood estimators
On Kinematic Substructure in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
We present multifiber echelle radial velocity results for 551 stars in the
Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy and identify 294 stars as probable Sextans
members. The projected velocity dispersion profile of the binned data remains
flat to a maximum angular radius of . We introduce a nonparametric
technique for estimating the projected velocity dispersion surface, and use
this to search for kinematic substructure. Our data do not confirm previous
reports of a kinematically distinct stellar population at the Sextans center.
Instead we detect a region near the Sextans core radius that is kinematically
colder than the overall Sextans sample with 95% confidence.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 4 figures (2 color
SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITE LOGIC GATE IN QCA EMBEDDING UNDERLYING REGULAR CLOCKING
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as one of the alternative technologies for current CMOS technology. It has the advantage of computing at a faster speed, consuming lower power, and work at Nano- Scale. Besides these advantages, QCA logic is limited to its primitive gates, majority voter and inverter only, results in limitation of cost-efficient logic circuit realization. Numerous designs have been proposed to realize various intricate logic gates in QCA at the penalty of non-uniform clocking and improper layout. This paper proposes a Composite Gate (CG) in QCA, which realizes all the essential digital logic gates such as AND, NAND, Inverter, OR, NOR, and exclusive gates like XOR and XNOR. Reportedly, the proposed design is the first of its kind to generate all basic logic in a single unit. The most striking feature of this work is the augmentation of the underlying clocking circuit with the logic block, making it a more realistic circuit. The Reliable, Efficient, and Scalable (RES) underlying regular clocking scheme is utilized to enhance the proposed design’s scalability and efficiency. The relevance of the proposed design is best cited with coplanar implementation of 2-input symmetric functions, achieving 33% gain in gate count and without any garbage output. The evaluation and analysis of dissipated energy for both the design have been carried out. The end product is verified using the QCADesigner2.0.3 simulator, and QCAPro is employed for the study of power dissipation
Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance
Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of microorganisms that colonize in plants and microbes that can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that serve as a potential candidate for antimicrobial, anti-insect, anticancer and many more properties. While plant sources are being extensively explored for new chemical entities for therapeutic purposes, endophytic microbes also constitute an important source for drug discovery. This review aims to comprehend the contribution and uses of endophytes as an impending source of drugs against various forms of diseases and other possible medicinal use
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
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