Functionalizing Glass by Local Compositional Tuning with Ultrafast Lasers

CLEO 2019 in San Jose, CA (USA), 5–10 May 2019Abstract (35 Word Limit): This work reports the design, synthesis, laser processing and performance of borate glasses that were compositionally designed to be femtosecond laser writable using laser-induced ion migration, leading to the production efficient optical waveguide

Relation between nonlinear refractive index and third-order susceptibility in absorbing media

Expressions relating complex third-order optical susceptibility (χ(3) = χR (3) + iχ I (3)) with nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) have been formulated that eliminate the commonly used approximation of a negligible linear absorption coefficient. The resulting equations do not show the conventional linear dependence of χR (3) with n2 and χI (3) with β. Nonlinear refraction and absorption result instead from the interplay between the real and imaginary parts of the first- and third-order susceptibilities of the material. This effect is illustrated in the case of a metal-dielectric nanocomposite for which n2 and β values were experimentally obtained by Z-scan measurements and for which the use of the new formulas for χR (3) and ≤ Ig(3) yield a large correction and a sign reversal for χI (3). © 2004 Optical Society of America.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a of Spain (DPI2002-00151, TIC2002- 03235). R. del Coso acknowledges the financial support of the Consejerı´a de Educacio´n de la Comunidad de Madrid and the European Social Fund (ESF).Peer Reviewe

“ESTADO ACTUAL DE LOS BLOQUEADORES DE CANALES DE CALCIO “ (REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA)

Desde el siglo pasado nuestra población ha estado en una transición epidemiológica, es decir que las enfermedades que afectaban en el siglo pasado como las infecciones respiratorias agudas y enfermedades diarreicas agudas, se han visto desplazadas por la aparición de enfermedades crónico degenerativas como Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensión Arterial, Enfermedades del Corazón, Obesidad y que esto a largo plazo conlleva a un aumento de la morbimortalidad ya sea por eventos cardiovasculares o cerebrovasculares con un desenlace fatal, por lo cual se ha cambiado desde entonces y se ha optado por una cultura preventiva que lleve consigo reducir la incidencia y prevalencia de estas enfermedades, de este modo es importante un diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento adecuad

Treatment of Human Brucellosis — Review of Evidence from Clinical Trials

Unresolved issues remain surrounding the treatment of human brucellosis. The present work aims to provide useful information to help clinicians make decisions when treating brucellosis patients. Information based on scientific evidence from clinical trials published over the past 30 years has been compiled and presented in an updated form, covering both focal and non-focal, or uncomplicated, human brucellosis. This chapter shows that, despite the studies published in recent years, areas such as the role of monotherapy or treatment in cases of focal disease, have not been adequately addressed in clinical trials, and demonstrates the need for further research

Slow interfacial reamorphization of Ge films melted by ps laser pulses

Melting and rapid solidification is induced in 50-nm-thick amorphous Ge films on glass substrates by single laser pulses at 583 nm with a duration of 10 ps. The solidification process is followed by means of reflectivity measurements with ns time resolution both at the air/film (front) and the substrate/film (back) interfaces. Due to interference effects between the light reflected at the film-substrate and film-liquid interfaces, the back side reflectivity measurements turn out to be very sensitive to the melt depth induced by the laser pulse and their comparison to optical simulations enables the determination of the solidification dynamics. For low fluences, only a thin layer of the film is melted and solidification occurs interfacially leading to reamorphization of the molten material. The results provide a critical interface velocity for amorphization of ∼4 m/s, much slower than the one that has widely been reported for elementary semiconductors. For high fluences, the molten layer depth approaches the film thickness and the results are consistent with a bulk solidification process. In this case, recalescence effects upon solid phase nucleation become important and lead to the formation of crystallites distributed throughout the whole resolidified volume. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.Jan Siegel acknowledges the funding of the European Community through a grant (ERB40001GT954352) within the Training and Mobility of Researchers Program. This work has been partially supported by CICYT (Spain) under project TIC93-0125.Peer Reviewe

Can the transformation time in phase change optical recording be improved by using femtosecond laser pulses?

CLEO/EUROPE ; EQEC European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich ICm, Germany, 22-27 June, 2003N

Optimization of Nanoparticle-Based SERS Substrates through Large-Scale Realistic Simulations

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become a widely used spectroscopic technique for chemical identification, providing unbeaten sensitivity down to the singlemolecule level. The amplification of the optical near field produced by collective electron excitations plasmons in nanostructured metal surfaces gives rise to a dramatic increase by many orders of magnitude in the Raman scattering intensities from neighboring molecules. This effect strongly depends on the detailed geometry and composition of the plasmonsupporting metallic structures. However, the search for optimized SERS substrates has largely relied on empirical data, due in part to the complexity of the structures, whose simulation becomes prohibitively demanding. In this work, we use state-of-the-art electromagnetic computation techniques to produce predictive simulations for a wide range of nanoparticle-based SERS substrates, including realistic configurations consisting of random arrangements of hundreds of nanoparticles with various morphologies. This allows us to derive rules of thumb for the influence of particle anisotropy and substrate coverage on the obtained SERS enhancement and optimum spectral ranges of operation. Our results provide a solid background to understand and design optimized SERS substrates.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluación de la prevalencia de Stephanurus dentatus en cerdos faenados en el matadero PROCERSA, municipio Tipitapa, en el período de Enero a Julio 2010

Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de cerdos afectados por Stephanurus dentatus del total de cerdos faenados en el matadero PROCERSA, ubicado en el km 23 carretera panamericana norte, así como identificar los órganos de mayor afectación y las implicaciones económicas que ocasiona su decomiso, el presente estudio, los datos recopilados se obtuvieron de los registros de matanza de Enero a Junio del año 2010, El estudio fue observacional de tipo transversal, por estar determinado en un momento de la actividad del matadero. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con distribuciones de frecuencia a partir de los datos recolectados de la inspección realizada en el matadero, se estructuró la base de datos en hoja electrónica (Excel), para la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos se realizó un análisis usando el programa estadístico SAS y SPSS, el cual utiliza la pruebaX2, en tablas de contingencia a una P < 0.05, La prevalencia total de animales afectados se determinó del total de animales faenados. Al iniciarse el estudio, Las variables evaluadas fueron, prevalencia total de animales faenados, por tamaño del lote, total de los órganos afectados, prevalencia por órgano afectado, y pérdidas económicas. La prevalencia total se encontró que fue de 3.3% , la prevalencia por lote promedio es 4% con una desviación estándar de 2%, los órganos mayor afectados por lote promedio son para riñones 7.35% e Hígado con 3.10%. La prevalencia por órganos afectados es para riñón 4% e Hígado es 3%. La prevalencia por órganos del total de órganos afectados se distribuyeron en rangos de órganos afectados por población, el 75% de la población presentan una prevalencia mayor para riñones con un 88% e Hígado con un 54%.El lugar de procedencia de los animales más afectados fue Nueva guinea (30%), Chontales(25%),Las pérdidas económicas por decomiso de riñones $251.00 y para Hígado de$530.00

Effect of “Golden Pineapple Innovation” on Costa Rica's Pineapple Exports to U.S. Market: An Econometric Approach

An investigation was conducted on the effect of introducing a new variety of pineapple, known as golden pineapple (MD2) on the level of pineapple exports to the US market. Based on historical trade data from 1983 to 2017, a univariate structural econometric model was adjusted including variables related to export demand and isolating the effect of innovation through a binary control variable. The results obtained show that the effect of the innovation was a 25.27% increase in exports from Costa Rica to the North American market since the innovation was implemented. Conveniently, agricultural policymakers should consider similar studies to visualize the impact that innovation has on agricultural activities, and based on this, to plan, research, develop, and innovate programs within the agricultural sector.Universidad de Costa Rica/[822-B6-A06]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro de Investigación en Economía Agrícola y Desarrollo Agroempresarial (CIEDA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Economía Agrícola y Agronegocio