An ultrafast system for signaling mechanical pain in human skin.

The canonical view is that touch is signaled by fast-conducting, thickly myelinated afferents, whereas pain is signaled by slow-conducting, thinly myelinated ("fast" pain) or unmyelinated ("slow" pain) afferents. While other mammals have thickly myelinated afferents signaling pain (ultrafast nociceptors), these have not been demonstrated in humans. Here, we performed single-unit axonal recordings (microneurography) from cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in healthy participants. We identified A-fiber high-threshold mechanoreceptors (A-HTMRs) that were insensitive to gentle touch, encoded noxious skin indentations, and displayed conduction velocities similar to A-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Intraneural electrical stimulation of single ultrafast A-HTMRs evoked painful percepts. Testing in patients with selective deafferentation revealed impaired pain judgments to graded mechanical stimuli only when thickly myelinated fibers were absent. This function was preserved in patients with a loss-of-function mutation in mechanotransduction channel PIEZO2. These findings demonstrate that human mechanical pain does not require PIEZO2 and can be signaled by fast-conducting, thickly myelinated afferents

Phenotypic expansion of the BPTF-related neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies

Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies (NEDDFL), defined primarily by developmental delay/intellectual disability, speech delay, postnatal microcephaly, and dysmorphic features, is a syndrome resulting from heterozygous variants in the dosage-sensitive bromodomain PHD finger chromatin remodeler transcription factor BPTF gene. To date, only 11 individuals with NEDDFL due to de novo BPTF variants have been described. To expand the NEDDFL phenotypic spectrum, we describe the clinical features in 25 novel individuals with 20 distinct, clinically relevant variants in BPTF, including four individuals with inherited changes in BPTF. In addition to the previously described features, individuals in this cohort exhibited mild brain abnormalities, seizures, scoliosis, and a variety of ophthalmologic complications. These results further support the broad and multi-faceted complications due to haploinsufficiency of BPTF.Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen

A cost analysis of transport in the production company - a selection of transport strategy

In the article the cost analysis of transport in the company production is presented. It also introduced costs involved in provision of transport services in their propriety involvement. At the end comparison in analysis of two transport strategies and their elaboration on the recommendations are showed

The choice of a formula of the data normalization in the comparative analysis of multivariate objects

Normalizacja cech diagnostycznych jest istotnym etapem każdej analizy porównawczej obiektów wielocechowych. W literaturze prezentowanych jest wiele procedur transformacji normalizacyjnej i w związku z tym badacz często stoi przed koniecznością wyboru jednej z nich. W artykule dokonano zestawienia metod normalizacji zmiennych oraz dokonano ich selekcji. W procesie wielowymiarowej oceny porównawczej autorka zaleca stosowanie formuły unitaryzacji zerowej. Ponadto, w pracy podjęto próbę analizy wpływu zmiany procedury transformacji normalizacyjnej na wynik porządkowania liniowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonego eksperymentu badawczego okazało się, że zmiana formuły normowania charakterystyk porównywanych obiektów może powodować modyfikację rezultatów badań, która nie wynika ze zmiany struktury danych.The data normalization is one of the stages of the comparative analysis of multivariate objects. In the literature, there are many procedures of the normalization of the variables. Therefore the researchers have to choose one of them. The article presents the list of the most popular methods of the data normalization. According to the author, In the process of multidimensional comparative analysis the formula of the unitization with zero minimum should be used. Moreover, the article presents the analysis the impact of changes of the formula of the data normalization on the result of the linear ordering. By the realization of a research experiment it was noted that the choice of normalization formula influences the result of linear ordering

Application selected methods of multidimensional comparative analysis to a hierarchy of Polish universities

The article presents the possibility of using selected methods of multivariate analysis in the design of comparative ranking of universities. The set of potential diagnostic variables created by the Chapter of ranking of universities in Poland – ranking of “Perspektywy” and “Rzeczpospolita” by their informative value was verified. The classical and median coefficient of variation to analyze discriminative ability the variables were used, and the parametric method proposed by Z. Hellwig to investigate the degree of correlation of the variables was used. For the construction of university ranking one of the methods of multidimensional comparative analysis – miara Hellwiga was used

Social inclusion of individuals suff ering from exclusion – evaluation of motives and actions in view of own research

Inkluzja społeczna osób wykluczonych - ocena motywów i działań w świetle badań własnyc

Nierejestrowana praca osób wykluczonych społecznie w świetle badań ankietowych

Undeclared work is conducted without entering into an official employment relationship. The aim of the research is to present opinions of respondents on the local labor market about work performed outside of an actual contract by socially excluded people. The analysis was conducted using a survey of the opinions of socially excluded people registered at the Municipal Labor Office in the city of Plock. The analysis included the results of surveys received from 350 respondents, including 195 people surveyed using paper questionnaires and 155 people surveyed using a questionnaire posted on the Internet in 2018. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with verification of the statistical significance between the answers and such variables as: sex, age, education and period of being registered in the Municipal Employment Office.Praca nierejestrowana jest wykonywana bez nawiązania oficjalnego stosunku pracy. Celem badania jest przedstawienie opinii respondentów na lokalnym rynku pracy na temat pracy wykonywanej poza faktycznym kontraktem przez osoby wykluczone społecznie. Analiza została przeprowadzona za pomocą badania opinii osób wykluczonych społecznie zarejestrowanych w Miejskim Urzędzie Pracy w Płocku. W analizie uwzględniono wyniki ankiet otrzymanych od 350 respondentów, w tym 195 osób ankietowanych za pomocą kwestionariuszy papierowych oraz 155 osób ankietowanych za pomocą kwestionariusza zamieszczonego w Internecie w 2018 r. Analizy obejmowały rozkład odpowiedzi na pytania ankietowe w całej próbie wraz z weryfikacją istotności statystycznej między odpowiedziami, a takimi zmiennymi jak: płeć, wiek, wykształcenie I okres rejestracji w Miejskim Urzędzie Pracy

Definition and classification criteria of logistics services for elderly

An ageing population is a natural and inevitable phenomenon that constitutes an opportunity for the development of the logistics services industry. This is related to the fact that a new demographic profile of the world is determined by a growing number of customers — seniors – with special needs that generate the demand for services such as carriage and home delivery of food and medicines. Therefore, considering the growing demand for logistics services intended for older adults, there is a justified need to develop theoretical knowledge in this area. The paper aims to define a logistics service dedicated to an elderly person as the ultimate recipient as well as to identify the classification criteria of such services. The first part of the article is based on a literature review and presents definitions of a service and a logistics service according to various researchers. It also identifies different classifications of logistics services. These theoretical aspects provided a basis for authors to propose the notion of a logistics service and a catalogue of criteria for systemising logistics services dedicated to older adults. Logistics services for the elderly may be grouped according to classification criteria applicable to what is widely understood as logistics services in source literature. The classification criteria are the type of service, the immateriality of service, the frequency of contacting the customer, the type of purchaser market, the degree of service customisation, the type of a relationship between the service enterprise and the customer, and the place of service provision. Nonetheless, due to the customer-oriented approach in logistics, the authors proposed the classification criteria of these services with regard to age, financial situation, needs, health, expectations, hobby, skills and problems of older adults. Such an approach to classification is determined by considerable inherent diversification of the discussed group of customers as well as a specialised catalogue of logistics services. The classification of logistics services may contribute to the improved design of such services

Ekonomiczne sposoby zwiększenie efektywności planowania budowy dróg

The formation of the road-building program with the use of traffic flows logistics can achieve rational use of the limited financial resources and to provide current and long-term interests of the road users. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of conducting the road repair and reconstruction, the factors reflecting their importance for the national economy are used: road organizations, which are the main subjects of the implementation of the formed program; enterprises of motor transport complex, which are the main consumers of the road facilities and the state, who is the main investor in the road branch. The integral criterion characterizing the efficiency of using the logistical approach to the formation of the optimal scheme of repairing and reconstructing the road network, both for the users and for the contractors, is calculated. Its size makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of fulfilling the overhaul and reconstruction on a definite site and at the formed optimal scheme of distributing the overhaul and reconstruction of the road network. The article presents the methodological fundamentals of the economic evaluation logistical systems of roads facilities.Powstawanie programu budowy dróg z wykorzystaniem informacji na temat natężenia ruchu drogowego może przyczynić się do racjonalnego wykorzystania ograniczonych często zasobów finansowych. Do oceny skutecznośi przebudowy i remontu dróg angażuje się organizacje zajmujące się implementacją programu budowy dróg, przedsiębiorstwa transportu drogowego, będące głównym konsumentem infrastruktury drogowej, jak również państwo, które jest głównym inwestorem takiego przedsięwzięcia. Zaleca się wykorzystanie wskaźnika, określającego skuteczność wykorzystania logistycznego podejścia w procesie tworzenia programu naprawy i odbudowy sieci drogowej, zarówno dla jej użytkowników, jak i wykonawców