Efectividad de los programas de intervención en casos de ansiedad durante el periodo 2011 – 2021: una revisión sistemática

La ansiedad es una de las dificultades que más aqueja a las personas, de diferentes edades, sexo o estratos sociales, ante eso, se revisó cual es la eficacia de los programas de intervención en casos que presentan esta problemática durante los periodos 2011 – 2021, planteados en una investigación de tipo básica, fundamentada en una revisión sistemática. Fueron analizados un total de 14 estudios, encontrados en bases de datos indexadas como EBSCO, Redalyc y Scielo, las cuales además cumplían con los criterios metodológicos establecidos. Se determinó que los enfoques más utilizados para el abordaje son el Cognitivo Conductual y el Mindfulness. Se aprecia que en el 100% de estudios se lograron disminuir de manera significativa los niveles de ansiedad. los pensamientos negativos, el control y expresión de emociones, la reestructuración cognitiva y la estimulación de las estrategias de afrontamiento

Fertility and Iron Bioaccumulation in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Validated Method

Research on nanomaterial exposure-related health risks is still quite limited; this includes standardizing methods for measuring metals in living organisms. Thus, this study validated an atomic absorption spectrophotometry method to determine fertility and bioaccumulated iron content in Drosophila melanogaster flies after feeding them magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) dosed in a culture medium (100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1). Some NPs were also coated with chitosan to compare iron assimilation. Considering both accuracy and precision, results showed the method was optimal for concentrations greater than 20 mg L−1. Recovery values were considered optimum within the 95–105% range. Regarding fertility, offspring for each coated and non-coated NPs concentration decreased in relation to the control group. Flies exposed to 100 mg L−1 of coated NPs presented the lowest fertility level and highest bioaccumulation factor. Despite an association between iron bioaccumulation and NPs concentration, the 500 mg L−1 dose of coated and non-coated NPs showed similar iron concentrations to those of the control group. Thus, Drosophila flies’ fertility decreased after NPs exposure, while iron bioaccumulation was related to NPs concentration and coating. We determined this method can overcome sample limitations and biological matrix-associated heterogeneity, thus allowing for bioaccumulated iron detection regardless of exposure to coated or non-coated magnetite NPs, meaning this protocol could be applicable with any type of iron NPs.Fil: Pilaquinga, Fernanda. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Cardenas Alcoser, Elena Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Vela, Doris. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Jara, Eliza. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Morey, Jeroni. University of the Balearic Islands; EspañaFil: Gutiérrez Coronado, José Luis. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Debut, Alexis. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Piña, María de las Nieves. University of the Balearic Islands; Españ

Contracercar, producir y resistir. La defensa de los bienes comunes en dos comunidades campesinas (Argentina)

Las diversas manifestaciones de resistencia frente al despojo de bienes comunes son la contracara de los cercamientos capitalistas. Estas expresiones de acciones colectivas abarcan una amplia batería de estrategias por parte de las comunidades rurales. Muchas de estas manifestaciones podrían ser interpretadas como contracercamientos (físicos o institucionales). En este marco, nos preguntamos cuáles son las modalidades que asumen las luchas campesinas que establecen nuevas fronteras para el control de bienes comunes en Santiago del Estero (noroeste de Argentina). Para responder a este interrogante abordamos dos casos: el diseño de una reserva campesina en Ojo de Agua y el encierro ganadero comunitario de El Hoyo. Los orígenes de ambas experiencias están ligados a los conflictos por la tierra y las intervenciones de agentes estatales. La argumentación se estructura a partir de los datos construidos durante el trabajo de campo que incluyó registros de observación y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad. Esto permitió explorar el repertorio de acción colectiva, de readecuación de legislaciones vigentes y re-funcionalización de recursos emanados de programas estatales. Asimismo, presentamos evidencias de cómo operan las políticas cotidianas en torno al control de los bienes comunes y las tensiones que atraviesan a estos procesos. Abstract The various manifestations of resistance against the plundering of common goods are the other side of the capitalist enclosures. These expressions of collective actions encompass a broad battery of strategies on the part of rural communities. Many of these manifestations could be interpreted ascounter-enclosure (physical or institutional).In this context, we ask ourselves what are the modalities that assume peasant struggles which set new borders for the control of common goods in Santiago del Estero (NW Argentina).To answer this question, we address two cases: the design of a peasant reserve in Ojo de Agua and the community livestock enclosure of El Hoyo. The origins of both experiences are linked to conflicts over land and the interventions of state agents.The argumentation is structured from the data constructed during the fieldwork that included observation records and conducting in-depth interviews. This allowed toexplore the repertoire of collective action, of readjustment of current legislation and re-functionalization of resources arising from state programs. Likewise, we present evidence of how everyday policies operate around control of the Commons and the tensions that go through these processes

Aplicación de Data Science en la empresa Partners Technology S. A. C.

El objeto de estudio del presente trabajo es la empresa Partners Technology S. A. C., donde se realizó un exhaustivo análisis interno y externo con el propósito de identificar el problema principal de la organización. Así pues, se determinó que su mayor dificultad es el inadecuado conocimiento de sus clientes. Por esta razón, la investigación se centra en reconocer las variables que influyen en el comportamiento de compra de los usuarios. Para lograr dicho objetivo se empleó la metodología de ciencia de datos mediante un análisis híbrido, es decir, exploratorio y explicativo. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán responder a las preguntas de Data Science formuladas. Es importante mencionar que para la creación de la base de datos utilizada se recurrió a fuentes internas y externas a la compañía, de las cuales se lograron dilucidar las variables que muestran las características de sus clientes. También cabe destacar que se realizó un análisis estadístico de todas las variables cuantitativas con el fin de encontrar correlaciones. De esta forma se hallaron importantes descubrimientos que aportarán valor a la compañía y permitirán el logro de sus objetivos, dado que en el presente trabajo se proponen soluciones al problema señalado y se sugieren las acciones que se deberán adoptar a corto plazo.The object of study of this work is the company Partners Technology S.A.C. Therefore, an exhaustive internal and external analysis of the company was carrie out in order to identify their main problem. In this sense, it was determined that inadequate knowledge of customers is the greatest difficulty that the organization goes through. For this reason, the objective of this research is to identify the variables that influence the purchasing behavior of Partners Technology. To achieve the proposed objective, the Data Science methodology was develope through a hybrid analysis, that is, exploratory and explanatory. Likewise, the results obtained will allow answering the Data Science questions asked. It is important to mention that, for the creation of the database used in this work, internal and external sources were used from the company Partners Technology S.A.C. Likewise, the selected variables provide characteristics of their clients. It should be noted that a statistical analysis of all quantitative variables was carried out in order to find correlations. In this sense, by Data Science techniques, results were verifie are the main ones. Likewise, important discoveries were found that will add value to the company and enable it to achieve its objectives. This paper proposes solutions to the research problem and suggests actions to be taken in the short term.Trabajo de investigació

Pharmaceutical compounds in urban drinking waters of Ecuador

Introduction: Emerging contaminants (ECs) are substances with widely diverse chemical structures that may pose a risk to the environment and human beings. The limited scope of water treatment facilities, particularly in low and middle-income countries, allows ECs to be continuously introduced to the environment and become part of the cycle again for potabilization. In this work, we study for the first time the presence of these compounds in the drinking water of five Ecuadorian cities.Methods: The compounds of interest were mainly pharmaceutical substances commonly present in prescription and over-the-counter medicines, along with caffeine, a known coadjuvant in some of these preparations. Samples were collected from Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Ibarra, and Esmeraldas, considering each city’s distribution systems, and, after solid-phase extraction, analyzed by LC-MS/MS ESI+.Results and discussion: Results showed a high occurrence of caffeine, the only analyte present in all cities, with concentrations ranging from <6.35 to 201 ngL-1 and an occurrence from 11% in Quito to 77% in Cuenca. The highest median was found in Cuenca, followed by Esmeraldas. Our observations regarding concentrations are comparable to other studies around the globe. Although in other cities, some pharmaceuticals appeared at levels below our detection limits. These findings highlight the ubiquitous nature of emerging contaminants while pointing out the need for regulatory frameworks that facilitate the implementation of treatment technologies at the source and wastewater level. These actions will safeguard public and environmental health in the long term

Evaluación de la acción antioxidante de extractos vegetales en la conservación del aceite de aguacate (Persea americana)

Se estudió el uso potencial de extractos alcohólicos de mora (Rubus glaucus) y mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum) como antioxidantes para el aceite de aguacate (Persea americana). Para este efecto se determinó el solvente óptimo para la extracción de compuestos polifenólicos; el extracto de cada fruta fue aplicado al aceite de aguacate extra virgen comercial en concentraciones de 0.1% y 0.01%; la acción antioxidante fue evaluada respecto al comportamiento del aceite crudo y aceite con antioxidante sintético bht. se aceleró la oxidación lipídica con el empleo de microondas y luz natural para luego evaluar el grado de rancidez y cuantificar el índice de acidez, peróxidos, contenido de dienos y trienos según los métodos estándares de la iuPac. además se determinó la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite crudo y los aceites con la mayor concentración de antioxidantes naturales. se observó un efecto protector ante la oxidación en los aceites con extractos antioxidantes al 0.1%, sin embargo, el antioxidante más efectivo fue bht; adicionalmente, el período de inducción fue retardado aproximadamente tres veces

Evaluation of the antioxidant action of vegetable extracts in avocado oil (Persea americana) preservation

The potential antioxidant effect of alcoholic extracts of andean blackberry(Rubus glaucus) and andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum) was studiedon avocado oil (Persea americana). Polyphenolic compounds were extractedfrom lyophilized fruits with an appropriate solvent; such extracts were latermixed with avocado oil in concentrations of 0.1% and 0.01%. antioxidant ac-tion was compared to raw avocado oil and oil with synthetic antioxidant bht(butyl hydroxyl-toluene). lipid oxidation was accelerated by means of micro-wave energy and visible light. rancidity was quantified as suggested by iuPacstandard methods taking into account acidity and peroxide values as well asdienes and trienes content; in addition, oxidative stability of raw oil and oilwith the highest concentration of each antioxidant extract was evaluated. a pro-tective effect against oxidation was observed in oil with any of the antioxidantextracts at 0.1% however bht remained as a more powerful antioxidant; besi-des, induction period was delayed in approximately three times as comparedto the raw oil

El valor de la química forense en la investigación criminal

Se revisan los principales usos de la química forense en la investigación criminal y se exploran los posibles campos de acción en el Ecuador. Para este efecto, se delimita el alcance de la disciplina y se provee una breve descripción de las principales aplicaciones que esta tiene a nivel mundial. Luego, se exponen dos casos que han alcanzado notoriedad – y causado polémica- en los cuales se involucran directa o indirectamente las técnicas forenses. Finalmente, se exponen los escenarios de interés nacional en los cuales la química forense podría ser de utilidad y las formas en las cuales el país puede contribuir al desarrollo de esta ciencia

Heavy metal assessment in drinking waters of Ecuador: Quito, Ibarra and Guayaquil

Chemical elements, which are present in drinking water, could vary due to water sources, treatment processes or even the plumbing materials. Most of these elements do not represent a threat, while others, such as heavy metals, have been proven to cause harmful effects over human and aquatic wildlife. In this study, the quality of drinking water in three cities in Ecuador, Quito, Ibarra and Guayaquil was assessed through a multielement analysis and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI). A total of 102 drinking water samples and six natural water samples were collected and analyzed. Within the scope of analysis, results show that water quality complies with local and international guidelines. HPI did not show significant differences in the water that is supplied to the different neighborhoods of the three cities studied. However, actions should be taken to protect the sources of water, especially in Guayaquil, due to the presence of lead and chromium. For instance, lead was found in 2.8% of the samples in concentrations above World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values. Thus, we suggest to assessing the quality and age of the plumbing system within the whole country, in order to avoid drinking water contamination with heavy metals

Emerging Contaminants in the Northeast Andean Foothills of Amazonia: The Case of Study of the City of Tena, Napo, Ecuador

This work is a study on the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the northeast Ecuadorian Amazon. Emerging contaminants (ECs)—caffeine, triclosan, estradiol, acetaminophen, nicotine, and ibuprofen—were quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in rivers and streams of the Amazon basin near the city of Tena, Ecuador. For that, a total of 16 natural water samples were taken in 8 locations. Sampling sites included areas impacted by discharges from inefficient sewage networks in urban areas, wastes from fish farming and non-functional landfill, a stream with few threats, tap water, and treated sewage. Caffeine was found in the 38% of the samples studied while trimethoprim and acetaminophen had an occurrence of 13%. Caffeine was detected at two sites receiving untreated sewage and one site receiving treated sewage with mean concentrations that ranged between 19 and 31.5 μg L−1. Acetaminophen (50.4 μg L−1) and trimethoprim (2 μg L−1) were only detected in the river receiving treated sewage effluent. This is the first assessment of emerging contaminants in the upper Ecuadorian Amazon basin, and our observations highlight the need for better sewage treatment and water quality monitoring in Amazonian cities