The geographically variegated connections of the Jakarta metropolitan area as produced by manufacturing firms

Connectivity in urban networks is often deemed to be an important feature of economically vibrant cities. Under conditions of contemporary globalization, the importance and geographies of these connections are increasingly variegated. Accordingly, various attempts have been made to analyse the external relations of cities and metropolitan regions, often through the lens of multilocational firms. Our purpose in this paper is to address the to‐date limited empirical knowledge about whether firms originating from different regions (i.e., firms with different headquarter [HQ] locations) create different patterns of inter‐urban relations. Drawing on the interlocking network model and using the Jakarta metropolitan area (JMA) as a case study, this paper explores how manufacturing firms with HQs either inside (further differentiating between the JMA and other cities) or outside (further differentiating between East Asian and non‐East Asian countries) Indonesia produce different patterns of external relations. Our findings indicate that each category of firms generates unique configurations of interurban relations for the JMA at the global and national scales. We argue that these variegated networks patterns not only reflect different locational strategies of firms, but also Indonesia's evolving policy orientations which have complex relations with evolving patterns of economic globalization

A global corporate census: publicly traded and close companies in 1910

In 1910 the world had almost half a million corporations, only one-hundredth of today's total. About one-fifth—with over half of corporate capital—were publicly tradable, higher portions than today. Most publicly quoted corporations traded in Europe and the British Empire, but most close (private) corporations operated in the US, which, until the 1940s, had more corporations per capita than anywhere else. The 83 countries surveyed here differed markedly in company numbers, corporate capital/GDP ratios, and average corporate size. Enclave economies—dominated by quoted (and often foreign-owned) companies—had the largest average sizes, while other nations had more varied mixes of large quoted corporations and close company small and medium enterprises

An opinion survey regarding gender roles and family in Vietnam

Opinions regarding gender roles and family were investigated among 389 urban dwellers in Vietnam using a questionnaire composed of eitht items. As far as gender role is concerned, about 60% of men and 70-80% of women considered that a woman should be responsible for most of the household affairs, even if she is working outside. About 30% of respondents showed a positive response to the idea of child labor. Almost all of the respondents considered it quite natural that children must take care of their elderly parents. For the education of chldren, about 90% thought that children must be offered an opportunity to receive as much education possible, regardless of the gender of the child. For the education of girls, people with higher educational levels showed a more positive response. The present analysis has clarified that traditional beliefs regarding gender roles and family still remain strong even among people with high education level in urban areas of Vietnam

Dynamics of the nozzle valve with regard to the properties of the piping system

It is obvious that the main function of the nozzle valve is to shut off the stream of fluid in the piping system. The response rate of the valve to the decreasing or reversing flow in the system will then depend on the valve properties and equally on the properties of the piping system. The interaction of these two elements is also important for the origin of pressure pulsations in the system. While the pressure pulsations were the cause for design of this particular valve it should be noted that the general design of the valve for any pipeline system is not possible. The valve cannot properly work under all circumstances and operating conditions. With respect to this, the dynamic properties of the valve will be assessed on the basis of the valve equation of motion and the pipeline model. An adequate response of the whole system can be obtained by combining both approaches. The valve equations of motion are also complemented by CFD simulations, which enable to capture the movement of the valve disc with respect to flow rate