Control systems for street lighting

Public lighting is a specific type of lighting system with various requirements.  It is a lighting system which is subject to many influences. Some impacts are changing very rapidly but a lighting system is designed for a specific case. These effects are for example traffic density or the impact of weather. Comprehensive regulation taking into account all the effects not currently exist but particular systems taking into account the subtasks are occurring. The aim is to show the possibilities and also the technical prerequisites for the realization of such systems

Comparison of Reconfigurations Using Deterministic Approach for Global Assessment of Operational State in Power System

This article deals with the analysis of impact reconfiguration on the power system operational state. The stated analysis assess results of the simulated calculations of N-1 events with the aim to obtain a more complex view of the security criterion N-1 use in comparison with the current methods and procedures being in practice. Methodologies based on the deterministic approach arising from calculations of steady states with the global assessment of the power system operational states are presented. The article objective is to comprehensively compare the selected operational states especially different reconfiguration variants in a power system

Typical Values of Energy Performance Indicators in Road Lighting

Amongst many road lighting design criteria, energy performance plays an important role as it has a~direct link to operational costs, potential reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, mitigation of obtrusive light, and its impact on the night-time environment in urban and conurban settlements. The energy performance of road lighting is conveniently described by the pair of normative numerical indicators PDI and AECI established in European standards. This article aims to present typical values of these indicators for different combinations of road arrangements, road widths, lighting classes and light source technologies to illustrate what benchmarks can be expected using this assessment system. Objectives of the article also comprise discussion on factors influencing the energy performance and conclusion whether it is appropriate to introduce limiting value requirements and/or ranking systems to label energy performance of road lighting systems

Student Perceptions of Onward Chicago

This research project was done during our team\u27s time in our Marketing Research Experiential Learning course. The proposed research methodology is for our client, Onward Chicago, which is a high-end elevated casual dining experience located in Rogers Park, right across Sheridan from Loyola\u27s Lake Shore Campus. Our research will focus on students\u27 perceptions of Onward and their preferences, behaviors, and habits for dining out

Disagreements in Low-Level Moisture between (Re)Analyses over Summertime West Africa

Reanalysis and operational analysis products are routinely used as the best estimates of the atmospheric state for operational and research purposes. However, different models, assimilation techniques, and assimilated datasets lead to differences between products. Here, such differences in the distribution of low-level water vapor over summertime West Africa are analyzed, as reflected in the zonal mean position of the leading edge of the West African monsoon [the intertropical discontinuity (ITD)] using five reanalyses [NCEP–NCAR, NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE), the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim)] and two operational analyses [Global Forecast System (GFS) and ECMWF] during the 11 monsoon seasons (April–September) from 2000 to 2010. Specific humidity differences regularly reach 50% of the mean value over areas spanning hundreds of kilometers and often coincide with northward excursions of the ITD that last several days and bring unusual rainfall to the Sahel and Sahara. The largest disagreements occur during the southward retreat of the ITD and are connected with anomalously high values of aerosol optical depth, consistent with the production of haboob dust storms. The results suggest that known errors in the representation of moist convection and cold pools may contribute to the identified disagreements. A large reduction in disagreement occurs in 2006, when upper-air observations were enhanced during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign, pointing to an insufficient observational constraint of the (re)analyses in other years. It is hoped that this work will raise awareness of the limited reliability of (re)analysis products over West Africa during the summer, particularly during northward surges of the ITD, and will instigate further work to improve their quality

INRUSH CURRENT OF LAMP

AbstractLighting systems pass through big change in terms of light source recently. LED replace discharge lamp and thischange represent change of electrical parameters and influence to installations. Lighting systems with dischargelamp use inductive ballasts with choke and starter or electronic ballasts. Lamps with LED use drivers which areswitching sources. The drives include rectifier, high frequency oscillator, transformer and capacitors. Typically,rectifier has impact to distortion of luminaire current and capacitor has impact to inrush current. Over the lastyears, problem increases with inrush current. Public lighting networks reconstruct with LED luminaires. Oftenincrease inrush current and circuit-breaker must be changed for stronger. This change cause increasing ofpayment for energy distribution and sometime is necessary change installation. Aim of this paper is describedifference between luminaires from point of view inrush current. Size and duration of inrush current depends onconstruction of driver and on phase of supply voltage. In paper are analyzed amplitudes, durations and behaviorof electrical parameters various LED luminaires.Key wordsLED, lamp, driver, inrush curren

IMPACT OF FAULTS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON VOLTAGE SAGS

AbstractThis article deals with the issue of evaluation of voltage sags based on the analysis of the impact of different faulttypes in power systems. The aim is to identify a range of influences of considered faults on voltage sags in theindustrial low voltage network. The analysis is based on the simulation calculation of selected faults to classifynegative effects causing potential improper operation of industry equipment due to faults in the power system. Inthe paper are also described options of proposed measures for minimization of these phenomena.Key wordsShort-circuit, earth fault, voltage sag, industrial network, distribution system, simulation

INFLUENCE DIMING OF LED LAMPS TO ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

AbstractLighting systems are currently one of the main uses of electricity. The most popular option for reducing ofelectricity consumption is the use of dimming. Dimming is a type of regulation in which we can regulate luminousflux of a lamps and luminaires. This system of regulation is used in the road lighting industry, but also inhouseholds. Dimming allows adaptation of the lighting system according to specific requirements and variousambient conditions such as traffic density, daylight, etc. The regulation of the luminous flux de-pending on thedimming system can affect the electrical parameters of the luminaires such as the power factor. The article dealswith the electrical parameters of luminaires with various lamps at different types of dimming.Key wordsLED, Power factor, total harmonic distortio

AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR SMART METER TESTING

AbstractSmart metering is debated issue currently. It is a consequence of the introduction of this technology into practice,a many of pilot operations and the effort find the optimum technology for each area. The aim of the paper is asystem for testing of selected functionalities of smart meters. In particular, the ability to evaluate the power qualityparameters such as waveform distortion, detection of maximum and minimum values and other parametersdefined in the standard STN EN 50160. Described system is under development and testing, so some functionalitywill put the finishing touches according to current requirements.Key wordsSmart meter, measuring, harmonics, testin