Morphology of the extra-ocular muscles (musculi bulbi) of the American Staffordshire Terrier during the perinatal period

The study was carried out on 12 American Staffordshire Terriers (AST) each of 60 days’ gestation. A morphological analysis of the extra-ocular muscles was performed. The location of the rectus and oblique muscles and the retractor bulbi muscle is described. The length and breadth of these muscles as well as of their tendons, the distance between the final insertions of the tendons and the corneal limbus and the line of insertions is also given

Morphology of the extraocular muscles (M. bulbi) in the pre-hatchling and post-hatchling african black ostriches (Struthio camelus domesticus L., 1758) (Aves: Struthioniformes)

The aim of the study was to describe the morphology and the development of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the pre-hatchling and post-hatchling African black ostrich. The study involved 50 birds aged between 28 days and 3 years. The EOMs were analyzed morphologically with respect to the location and length of the straight and oblique muscles and the third eyelid muscles, the length and breadth of their tendons as well as the distance and shape of the muscle tendon insertions at the corneal limbus. A histological and histometric analysis were also carried out. The greatest increase in the length of the EOMs was noted in groups III–V. A marked increase in the length of the tendons of the dorsal straight muscle was found in groups II and III, in the tendons of the nasal straight muscle in groups IV and V, in the tendons of the dorsal oblique muscle in groups III to V and in the tendons of the ventral oblique muscle in groups IV and V. There was a significant increase in the breadth of the dorsal straight and ventral oblique muscle tendons in groups IV and V and the tendons of the pyramidal muscle in groups III and V. The distance of the distal insertion of the tendon at the corneal limbus increased steadily with age in all the examined groups. The number of fascicles and muscle fibres, their diameter and length in all the studied EOMs were different in the different groups

Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues

Herman Katarzyna, Korczyński Mariusz, Janeczek Maciej, Wełmiński Paweł, Kowalczyk-Zając Małgorzata, Leśków Anna, Całkosiński Ireneusz, Dobrzyński Maciej. Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1):209-220. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.253366 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4180 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 20.01.2017. Wpływ metali toksycznych na tkanki jamy ustnej Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues Katarzyna Herman1, Mariusz Korczyński2,3, Maciej Janeczek4, Paweł Wełmiński5, Małgorzata Kowalczyk-Zając1, Anna Leśków6, Ireneusz Całkosiński6, Maciej Dobrzyński1 1 Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Zachowawczej i Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Polska 2 Zakład Chirurgii Eksperymentalnej i Badania Biomateriałów, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Bujwida 44, 50-368 Wrocław, Polska 3 Katedra Higieny Środowiska i Dobrostanu Zwierząt, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wrocław, Polska 4 Zakład Anatomii Zwierząt, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Polska 5 POLNET Sp. z o.o., Obodrzycka 61, 61-249 Poznań, Polska 6 Samodzielna Pracownia Neurotoksykologii i Diagnostyki Środowiskowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu, Grunwaldzka 2, 50-355 Wrocław, Polska Streszczenie Metale toksyczne, które powszechnie występują w środowisku mogą wywierać negatywny wpływ na zdrowie ludzi. W pracy przedstawiono problem zmian patologicznych, występujących w jamie ustnej w wyniku narażenia na działanie metali toksycznych. Według literatury, metale toksyczne mogą niekorzystnie wpływać na tkanki miękkie, zęby, proces wydzielania śliny oraz doznania smakowe. Istnieje również ryzyko wystąpienia wad rozwojowych twarzoczaszki, w szczególności rozszczepu podniebienia oraz upośledzenia mineralizacji zawiązków zębów. W związku z tym istotne jest aby ograniczać źródła metali toksycznych, zwłaszcza związane z przemysłem. Słowa kluczowe: metale toksyczne, jama ustna, błona śluzowa, zęby, ślina Summary Toxic metals that commonly occur in human environment may exert a negative influence on people’s health. This study presents the problem of pathological changes occurring within the oral cavity as a result of exposure to toxic metals. According to literature, they may adversely affect soft tissues, teeth, the saliva secretion process or taste sensations. There is also risk of developmental defects of the facial skeleton, particularly the cleft palate and impaired tooth buds mineralization. Therefore, it is essential to limit industrial and non-industrial sources of toxic metals. Key words: toxic metals, oral cavity, mucosa, teeth, saliva Adres do korespondencji: dr n. med. Maciej Dobrzyński Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Zachowawczej i Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, tel./fax: (71) 784-03-62, e-mail: [email protected]

Związek wieku chorych na raka endometrium z występowaniem niekorzystnych czynników prognostycznych choroby nowotworowej

Wprowadzenie: Celem pracy jest ocena związku między wiekiem chorych na raka endometrium (RE) a występowaniem niekorzystnych, mikroskopowych i klinicznych czynników prognostycznych choroby. Materiał i metody: Analiza retrospektywna materiału klinicznego obejmującego 128 chorych na raka trzonu macicy, leczonych pierwotnie chirurgicznie w krakowskim Oddziale Centrum Onkologii w latach 2012–2014. Głównym źródłem informacji były historie chorób z archiwum COOK. Badanie czasu przeżycia zakończono w maju 2020 r. Stopień zaawansowania procesu nowotworowego oceniano zgodnie z klasyfi - kacją FIGO 2009. Do oceny statystycznej wyników skorzystano z testu Shapiro-Wilka oraz testu Manna-Whitney’a, a na wykresie przedstawiono mediany, kwartyle oraz zakresy wartości poszczególnych zmiennych. Do oceny przeżyć wolnych od wznowy użyto metody Kaplana-Meyera. Wyniki: Średnia wieku chorych wyniosła 63,9 lata, mediana – 65 lat. Rokowanie w całej grupie chorych było bardzo dobre, odsetek 3-letnich przeżyć wolnych od wznowy wyniósł 91,57%, a 5-letnich – 88,3%. Średnia i mediana wieku chorych z negatywnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi była wyższa niż u chorych pozbawionych tych czynników. Wnioski: Można stwierdzić, że najistotniejsze z prognostycznego punktu widzenia jest w RE współwystępowanie różnych czynników populacyjnych, klinicznych i mikroskopowych. Obecnie uważa się, że czynniki molekularne mają kluczowe znaczenie w prognozie chorych na RE, jednak wiek jest ciągle istotnym klinicznie elementem służącym prognozowaniu i planowaniu leczenia chorych na RE.Introduction: The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between the age of patients with endometrial cancer and the occurrence of unfavorable microscopic and clinical prognostic factors concerning the disease. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical material from 128 patients with endometrial cancer, who were initially treated surgically in the Center of Oncology (Cracow Branch) between 2012 and 2014, was carried out. The main source of information was medical records in the COOK archive. A survival time study was completed in May 2020. The stage of the neoplastic process was assessed according to the FIGO 2009 classifi cation system. The results were statistically evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Mann-Whitney test, and the graph shows the medians, quartiles and ranges of values or individual variables. The Kaplan-Meyer method was used to assess the relapsefree survival rate. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.9 years and the median was 65 years. The prognosis in the whole group of patients was very good, the 3-year relapse- free survival rate was 91.57%, and 5-years – 88.3%. The mean and median age of patients with negative prognostic was higher than in patients without these factors. Conclusion: It seems that from a prognostic point of view the most important factor in endometrial cancer is the coexistence of various population, clinical and microscopic factors. It is now considered that it is molecular factors that are of key importance in the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients. However age should be treated still as clinically important element in the prognosis and treatment planning of patients with endometrial cancer

Thermographic evaluation of the sinus areas of selected groups of students - pilot study

Thermal imaging technique is a sufficiently precise tool by which you can evaluate the condition of the blood supply of various areas of the body. Blood supply is connected with physiological functional status or ongoing pathological processes such as inflammation. The study was conducted on 40 volunteers - randomly selected students. The results are characterized by a slight standard deviation in maximum and minimum temperatures in the maxillary sinus area and the minimal difference between these results. On the basis of studies, the range of values of the reference temperature of the maxillary sinus. This range was isolated based on the results of a group of 39 individuals. It has been shown that in case of one person the results were not within the range of reference values indicating the presence of chronic inflammatory sinusitis

Usability and Effectiveness of Auditory Sensory Substitution Models for the Visually Impaired

This paper focuses on auditory sensory substitution for providing visually impaired users with suitable information in both static scene recognition and dynamic obstacle avoidance. We introduce three different sonification models together with three temporal presentation schemes, i.e., ways of temporally organizing the sonic events in order to provide suitable information. Following an overview of the motivation and challenges behind each of the solutions, we describe their implementation and an evaluation of their relative strengths and weaknesses based on a set of experiments in a virtual environment